Biochemical and taxonomic characterization of bacteria associated with the crucifer root maggot (Delia radicum)

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina T Lukwinski ◽  
Janet E Hill ◽  
George G Khachatourians ◽  
Sean M Hemmingsen ◽  
Dwayne D Hegedus
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Micro Organisms

The crucifer root maggot, Delia radicum, is an important pest of cruciferous crops; however, little is known about its digestive biochemistry or resident gut microbiota. A culturing approach was used to survey the types of micro organisms associated with eggs, midgut, and faeces of larvae feeding on rutabaga. All bacteria isolated from the midgut and faecal materials were Gram-negative bacilli. Nine types of culturable bacteria were identified within the midgut based on analysis of 60 kDa chaperonin sequences and were generally γ-Proteobacteria, primarily Enterobacteriaceae. Carbohydrate utilization patterns, select biochemical pathways, and hydrolytic enzymes were examined using the API®system for each of the nine groups, revealing an exceptionally broad metabolic and hydrolytic potential. These studies suggest that resident alimentary tract microorganisms have the potential to contribute to host nutrition directly as a food source as well as by providing increased digestive potential.Key words: Delia radicum, crucifer root maggot, midgut-associated bacteria.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and functional characterization of cultivable bacteria from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal water samples reveals high diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriram N. Rajpathak ◽  
Yugandhara M. Patil ◽  
Roumik Banerjee ◽  
Asmita M. Khedkar ◽  
Pawan G. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Cultivable Bacteria ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

AbstractThe oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) is rich in organic matter and is an unusual niche. Bacteria present in the oceanic water play an important role in ecology since they are responsible for decomposing, mineralizing of organic matter and in elemental cycling like nitrogen, sulfur, phosphate. This study focuses on culturing bacteria from oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) and non-OMZ regions and their phylogenetic as well as the functional characterization. Genotypic characterization of the isolates using amplified rDNA based 16SrRNA sequencing grouped them into various phylogenetic groups such as alpha-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria and unaffiliated bacteria. The cultivable bacterial assemblages encountered belonged to the genus Halomonas, Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Pshyctobacter and Pseudoalteromonas. Among the enzymatic activities, carbohydrate utilization activity was most predominant (100%) and microorganisms possessed amylase, cellulase, xylanase and chitinase. A large proportion of these bacteria (60%) were observed to be hydrocarbon consuming and many were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and streptomycin. The high diversity and high percentage of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities along with hydrocarbon degradation activity of the culturable bacteria reflects their important ecological role in oceanic biogeochemical cycling. Further assessment confirmed the presence of nitrogen reduction capability in these cultivable bacteria which highlights their importance in oceanic geochemical cycling.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Thermobifida fusca Bacteriophage P318

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Cheepudom ◽  
Lin ◽  
Lee ◽  
Meng
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Thermobifida Fusca ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Putative Orfs ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Virion Morphogenesis ◽  
Genome Information

Thermobifida fusca is of biotechnological interest due to its ability to produce an array of plant cell wall hydrolytic enzymes. Nonetheless, only one T. fusca bacteriophage with genome information has been reported to date. This study was aimed at discovering more relevant bacteriophages to expand the existing knowledge of phage diversity for this host species. With this end in view, a thermostable T. fusca bacteriophage P318, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family, was isolated and characterized. P318 has a double-stranded DNA genome of 48,045 base pairs with 3′-extended COS ends, on which 52 putative ORFs are organized into clusters responsible for the order of genome replication, virion morphogenesis, and the regulation of the lytic/lysogenic cycle. In comparison with T. fusca and the previously discovered bacteriophage P1312, P318 has a much lower G+C content in its genome except at the region encompassing ORF42, which produced a protein with unknown function. P1312 and P318 share very few similarities in their genomes except for the regions encompassing ORF42 of P318 and ORF51 of P1312 that are homologous. Thus, acquisition of ORF42 by lateral gene transfer might be an important step in the evolution of P318.

Do applications of sulfur or sulfate influence infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola?

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
R. -C. Yang ◽  
P. M. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Sulfur Nutrition

While the importance of sulfur nutrition for the development of healthy stands of canola is well documented, the role of sulfur in the management of insect pest infestations has not previously been investigated in this crop. Field experiments were conducted at three sites in central Alberta in 1997 and 1998 to determine the influence of sulfur and sulfate applications on infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola (Brassica rapa L.). Different formulations (granules, powder, prills, and sprays), application methods (either drilled in with the seed or top-dressed on the soil surface), and application rates were evaluated. To assess the degree of root maggot infestation, oviposition throughout the season and damage to taproots at the end of the season were monitored. Sulfur contents were analyzed from leaf samples collected mid-season and seed yields were measured from all treatment plots. Root maggot responses to the different sulfur treatments and application methods varied among years and sites, indicating that environmental factors have great importance in determining infestation levels by these pests, and the oxidation rate of elemental sulfur in soil. Sulfur formulation and application rate had significant effects on root maggot egg deposition and root damage for some sites and years, but even at high rates of application (112 kg ha-1) reductions in infestation levels were not substantial relative to the controls. While sulfur additions alone will not greatly reduce root maggot infestation levels in canola, growers should employ adequate sulfur nutrition for optimum crop health to enable plants to better compensate for damage by these pests. Key words: Brassica rapa, Delia radicum, Delia floralis, elemental sulfur, sulfate, canola

Expression and characterization of the 42 kDa chitinase of the biocontrol fungusMetarhizium anisopliaeinEscherichia coli

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Milton Baratto ◽  
Marcia Vanusa da Silva ◽  
Lucélia Santi ◽  
Luciane Passaglia ◽  
Irene Silveira Schrank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Expression Vector ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Albeit Metarhizium anisopliae is the best-characterized entomopathogenic fungus, the role of some hydrolytic enzymes during host cuticle penetration has not yet been established. Three chitinase genes (chit1, chi2, chi3) from Metarhizium have already been isolated. To characterize the chitinase coded by the chit1 gene, we expressed the active protein (CHIT42) in Escherichia coli using a T7-based promoter expression vector. The recombinant protein, CHIT42, is active against glycol chitin and synthetic N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) dimer and tetramer substrates. These activities suggest that the recombinant CHIT42 acts as an endochitinase.Key words: Metarhizium anisopliae, chitinases, chit genes, recombinant protein, enthomopathogenic fungi.

Characterization of bacterial isolates from water reclamation systems on the basis of substrate utilization patterns and regrowth potential in reclaimed water

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1556-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinda Thayanukul ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Microbial Regrowth ◽  
Similar Growth

Microbial regrowth causes problems during water reuse. Comprehensive understanding of the microorganisms that can regrow in reclaimed water and their substrate requirements are necessary. In this study, potential regrowth organisms were isolated from seven water reclamation plants in Japan. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the isolates were grouped into 34 operational taxonomic units, belonging to Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Substrate utilization profiling using Biolog microplate™ classified the isolates into four groups. Bacteria in Cluster 1 (e.g., Methylobacterium sp. and Acinetobacter sp.) mainly utilized polymers, esters, amides, and alcohol. Isolates in Cluster 2 (e.g., Flavobacterium sp. and Microbacterium sp.) preferred to utilize polymers, carbohydrates, and esters. Isolates in Cluster 3 (e.g., Pseudomonas sp. and Acidovorax sp.) mainly utilized esters, carboxylic acids, and amino acids. Isolates in Cluster 4 (e.g., Enterobacter sp. and Rhodococcus sp.) utilized carbohydrates, esters, and amino acids. All isolates grew in reclaimed water treated by sand filtration, whereas some isolates could not grow in reclaimed water treated by coagulation and ozonation. Most bacteria in the same Biolog clusters exhibited similar growth characteristics in water samples. The potential of bacteria to regrow in reclaimed water likely depended on substrate requirement.

scholarly journals About the dangers, costs and benefits of living an aerobic lifestyle

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Knoefler ◽  
Lars I.O. Leichert ◽  
Maike Thamsen ◽  
Claudia M. Cremers ◽  
Dana Reichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Effective Antioxidant ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Micro Organisms

The era in which ROS (reactive oxygen species) were simply the ‘bad boys of biology’ is clearly over. High levels of ROS are still rightfully considered to be toxic to many cellular processes and, as such, contribute to disease conditions and cell death. However, the high toxicity of ROS is also extremely beneficial, particularly as it is used to kill invading micro-organisms during mammalian host defence. Moreover, a transient, often more localized, increase in ROS levels appears to play a major role in signal transduction processes and positively affects cell growth, development and differentiation. At the heart of all these processes are redox-regulated proteins, which use oxidation-sensitive cysteine residues to control their function and by extension the function of the pathways that they are part of. Our work has contributed to changing the view about ROS through: (i) our characterization of Hsp33 (heat-shock protein 33), one of the first redox-regulated proteins identified, whose function is specifically activated by ROS, (ii) the development of quantitative tools that reveal extensive redox-sensitive processes in bacteria and eukaryotes, and (iii) the discovery of a link between early exposure to oxidants and aging. Our future research programme aims to generate an integrated and system-wide view of the beneficial and deleterious effects of ROS with the central goal to develop more effective antioxidant strategies and more powerful antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Characterization of culturable bacteria isolated from the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia P. Galkiewicz ◽  
Zoe A. Pratte ◽  
Michael A. Gray ◽  
Christina A. Kellogg
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Lophelia Pertusa ◽  
Water Coral

scholarly journals A novel mechanism of enzymic ester hydrolysis. Inversion of configuration and carbon-oxygen bond cleavage by secondary alkylsulphohydrolases from detergent-degrading micro-organisms

1977 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bartholomew ◽  
K S Dodgson ◽  
G W J Matcham ◽  
D J Shaw ◽  
G F White
Keyword(s):  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Bond Scission ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Oxygen Bond ◽  
Comamonas Terrigena

The hydrolysis was studied of potassium (+)-octan-2-yl sulphate by two analogous, optically stereospecific, secondary alkylsulphohydrolases purified from two detergent-degrading micro-organisms, Comamonas terrigena and Pseudomonas C12B. Polarimetry studies have shown that (+)-octan-2-yl sulphate prepared from (+)-octan-2-ol is hydrolysed by both enzymes to yield (-)-octan-2-ol. This inversion of configuration implies that the enzymes are catalysing the scission of the C-O bond of the C-O-S linkage, a type of bond scission apparently not hitherto encountered among hydrolytic enzymes acting on ester bonds. Enzymic hydrolysis of potassium (+)-octan-2-yl sulphate in the presence of H218O and analysis of hydrolysis products for the presence of 18O has confirmed that C-O bond scission (and not O-S bond scission) occurs with both enzymes.

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