Bifidobacterial survival in surface water and implications for microbial source tracking

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob R. Ottoson
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Linear Manner

Bifidobacteria are common in the intestines of humans and other animals. Sorbitol-fermenting Bifidobacteria (SFB) are associated with human faecal pollution. The ratio of total Bifidobacteria (TB) to SFB has been proposed to be a means for determining the source (human or animal) of faecal pollution. In this study, SFB were detected in all sewage samples (n = 39) and in 42% of samples of animal origin (n = 24): pig (5/6 positive), poultry (4/8), horse (1/4), and cow (0/6). The TB:SFB ratio was significantly higher in animal samples than in sewage samples (p < 0.01), with the exception of stored poultry manure, which had ratios (1.4–11) similar to the sewage samples (1–17). The lowest ratio in the other animal samples was 40 (pig). The TB:SFB ratio in sewage remained stable over time in surface water, and it may be a useful screening tool to determine the source of faecal pollution in surface water. Bifidobacteria died off in a log linear manner at 4 and 22 °C, with rates of disappearance of 0.16 and 0.58 log(days–1), respectively. Faecal coliforms (FC) disappeared more slowly (0.09 and 0.43 log(days–1), respectively). The FC:SFB ratio proved to be an inadequate tool for determining the age of sewage pollution.

Comparison of total and faecal coliforms as faecal indicator in eutrophicated surface water

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Park ◽  
T.S. Ahn ◽  
H.J. Lee ◽  
Y.O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Pollution

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of total coliforms (TC) and faecal coliforms (FC) using a membrane filtration method for precise monitoring of faecal pollution in Korean surface water. The samples were collected in Korea from both main rivers and their tributaries. Presumptive TC · FC were enumerated. The ratios of presumptive FC to TC were not constant, but varied widely, and TC were difficult to enumerate because of overgrowth by background colonies. For FC this was not the case. Seven hundred and three purified strains of presumptive TC · FC and their background colonies were biotyped using API 20E. Among 272 presumptive TC, non-faecal related species, Aeromonas hydrophila dominated (34.6%) and E. coli accounted for only 5.1%. In contrast, E. coli made up 89% of the 209 presumptive FC. Furthermore, of 164 background colonies on Endo Agar LES, 54.9% was A. hydrophila, while background colonies on m-FC Agar were few (58 strains), and despite their atypical colony appearance, most of them were biotyped as enteric bacteria. These results reveal that the detection of FC rather than TC using m-FC Agar is more appropriate for faecal pollution monitoring in eutrophicated surface water located in a temperate region.

Relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacterial Indicators in Polluted Natural Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de Vicente ◽  
J. C. Codina ◽  
P. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Faecal Indicators ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

The relationship between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the faecal pollution index (total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci) in natural waters was established. Water samples were collected from several aquatic environments in Málaga (Spain). P. aeruginosa counts and isolation frequencies were clearly associated with the degree of faecal pollution of the studied water. The results confirmed that domestic sewage was the major source of P. aeruginosa in river and seawater, being isolated from sewage at concentrations about 105 cfu/100 ml. There was a close correlation between the P. aeruginosa concentration and the densities of the three faecal indicators in both river and marine waters. A significant correlation was not observed in waters with little faecal pollution because P. aeruginosa was only occasionally isolated from these waters and at very low densities. P. aeruginosa concentrations in sewage and polluted natural waters were generally 3-4 log lower than the TC densities and 2 log lower than FC and FS concentrations. TC, FC and FS could be considered adequate indicators of the presence and densities of P. aeruginosa in natural waters, especially TC in freshwaters and FS in seawater respectively, as these parameters showed the best correlations and the most parallel inactivation processes with P. aeruginosa in each environment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the Loukkos wetlands complex (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00023
Author(s):  
Badreddine Fathi ◽  
Bouchra Salame ◽  
Abdelghani Afilal Tribak ◽  
Miriam Wahbi ◽  
Mustapha Maâtouk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
Intestinal Enterococci

The estuary of the Loukkos River is a complex ecosystem where various factors affect the quality of water. Our study is assessing the degree of water pollution in the complex of the lower Loukkos wetland’s surface water, which is situated at the river mouth of the Loukkos river in the eastern periphery of Larache city. To realize this objective, we collected water samplings from five area sites during summer period from May to August 2016 to analyse eight parameters physicochemical including dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, suspended matter and nitrates. This study was accompanied by a bacteriological analysis relating to the enumeration of total coliforms and faecal coliforms, intestinal enterococci and reducing anaerobic sulphites. The analysis’s results shed lights on factors of contamination and collaborate to the physicochemical evaluation and bacteriologic quality of surface water. The quality indicators spatialization reveals interactions between the various phenomena acting on the functions of this Ramsar site.

scholarly journals Assessment of source tracking methods for application in spring water

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wicki ◽  
Adrian Auckenthaler ◽  
Richard Felleisen ◽  
Fatma Karabulut ◽  
Isabel Niederhauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Host Strains

For discriminating between human and animal faecal contamination in water, microbial source tracking (MST) approaches using different indicators have been employed. In the current study, a range of 10 such MST indicators described in the scientific literature were comparatively assessed. Bacteriophages infecting host strains of Bacteroides (GA-17, GB-124 and ARABA 84) as well as sorbitol-fermenting bifidobacteria proved useful for indicating human faecal contamination while Rhodococcus coprophilus was associated with animal-derived faecal contamination. These potential source indicators were present in samples of faecal origin, i.e. either in human wastewater or animal waste, from many different regions in Switzerland and therefore showed a geographic stability. In addition, the MST indicators were abundant in surface water and were even sensitive enough to detect faecal contamination in spring water from two study areas in Switzerland. This is the first study that has compared and successfully applied MST methods in spring water.

scholarly journals Identification of Human and Animal Adenoviruses and Polyomaviruses for Determination of Sources of Fecal Contamination in the Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7886-7893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayalkibet Hundesa ◽  
Carlos Maluquer de Motes ◽  
Silvia Bofill-Mas ◽  
Nestor Albinana-Gimenez ◽  
Rosina Girones
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Wastewater Samples

ABSTRACT The Adenoviridae and Polyomaviridae families comprise a wide diversity of viruses which may be excreted for long periods in feces or urine. In this study, a preliminary analysis of the prevalence in the environment and the potential usefulness as source-tracking tools of human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses has been developed. Molecular assays based on PCR specifically targeting human adenoviruses (HAdV), porcine adenoviruses (PAdV), bovine adenoviruses (BAdV), and bovine polyomaviruses (BPyV) were applied to environmental samples including urban sewage, slaughterhouse, and river water samples. PAdV and BPyV were detected in a very high percentage of samples potentially affected by either porcine or bovine fecal contamination, respectively. However, BAdV were detected in only one sample, showing a lower prevalence than BPyV in the wastewater samples analyzed. The 22 slaughterhouse samples with fecal contamination of animal origin showed negative results for the presence of HAdV. The river water samples analyzed were positive for the presence of both human and animal adenoviruses and polyomaviruses, indicating the existence of diverse sources of contamination. The identities of the viruses detected were confirmed by analyses of the amplified sequences. All BPyV isolates showed a 97% similarity in nucleotide sequences. This is the first time that PAdV5, BAdV6, and BPyV have been reported to occur in environmental samples. Human and porcine adenoviruses and human and bovine polyomaviruses are proposed as tools for evaluating the presence of viral contamination and for tracking the origin of fecal/urine contamination in environmental samples.

Identification of source of faecal pollution of Tirumanimuttar River, Tamilnadu, India using microbial source tracking

2011 ◽  
Vol 184 (10) ◽  
pp. 6001-6012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasi Murugan ◽  
Perumal Prabhakaran ◽  
Saleh Al-Sohaibani ◽  
Kuppusamy Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Faecal Pollution

Use of Mitochondrial DNA and Bacteroides for Source Tracking in Fecally Contaminated Surface Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (6) ◽  
pp. 7224-7230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Kapoor ◽  
Ali Bahar ◽  
Biju George ◽  
Ting Lu ◽  
David Wendell
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Source Tracking

Application of mussels as biosamplers for characterization of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roslev ◽  
A. S. Bukh ◽  
L. Iversen ◽  
H. Sønderbo ◽  
N. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Faecal Pollution ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Seawater Samples

Sources of faecal pollution in coastal recreational waters may be identified by analysing different host associated microorganisms or molecular markers. However, the microbial targets are often present at low numbers in moderately impacted waters, and often exhibit significant temporal and spatial variability in waters with fluctuating faecal loads. This patchy occurrence can limit successful detection of relevant targets in microbial source tracking studies. In this study, we explored the possibility for using the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) as a biosampler for accumulation of faecal bacteria relevant for microbial source tracking. Non-contaminated blue mussels were transferred to three coastal recreational waters affected by faecal pollution of unknown origin. Molecular markers associated with animal and human waste were targeted by PCR and compared in seawater and mussel samples. The results demonstrated that transplanted mussels in simple enclosures accumulated and retained elevated levels of molecular markers associated with different types of faecal pollution. The targets included a novel putative human associated E. coli subgroup B2 VIII clone, and animal and human associated markers in enterococci (esp, M19, M66, M90, and M91). Human (sewage) associated markers including esp and M66 were sometimes not detectable in seawater samples despite known wastewater contamination, whereas the markers were detectable in mussels. We suggest that transplanted mussels should be considered as potential biosamplers in studies focusing on identifying source of faecal pollution in low or moderately impacted recreational waters. Bioaccumulation of molecular markers in mussels for several days may represent the water quality better than traditional grab samples from the water column.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from different tropical waters in Sri Lanka

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. G. C. K. Mannapperuma ◽  
C. L. Abayasekara ◽  
G. B. B. Herath ◽  
D. R. I. B. Werellagama
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Source Waters

This study investigated the bacteriological contamination of different water sources in Sri Lanka. Source waters (n = 74) including bottled water, well water and surface water were assessed for enumerating total coliforms and faecal coliforms using the membrane filtration method. The results showed that 18.5 and 14.8% of bottled water samples were contaminated with total coliforms and faecal coliforms, respectively. All the well water and surface water samples exceeded the WHO permitted levels for total coliforms and faecal coliforms. Bacteriological identification using biochemical tests and api 20E identification tests revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in all water sources tested. Bottled water mainly contained three Enterobacter species, while well water samples showed the broadest spectrum of bacteria including eleven coliform species belonging to the genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Kluyvera, Pantoea, Rautella, and 10 non-coliform species in the genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Salmonella and Acinetobacter. Surface waters contained seven coliform species belonging to the genera Klebsiella, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Rautella and Serratia, and eight non-coliform species in the genera Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Acinetobacter. Detection of higher bacteriological counts and identification of potentially pathogenic bacteria in different source waters suggest a potential health risk of the water sources used in Sri Lanka.

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