Detection of a large linear plasmid inBorrelia spielmaniiisolate

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Daniela Handžáková Lenčáková ◽  
Ulrike Schulte-Spechtel ◽  
Volker Fingerle ◽  
Branislav Pet’ko ◽  
Bettina Wilske
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Linear Plasmid ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Linear Plasmids ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Borrelia spielmanii belongs to human pathogenic species within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in Europe, which is a causative agent of Lyme disease. So far, the human disease caused by B. spielmanii has been associated with skin manifestations. The aim of the study was to analyze 4 human B. spielmanii isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and to localize genes of 3 important Borrelia proteins: OspA, DbpA, and VlsE. The analysis revealed variation within linear plasmid profiles among the strains; isolate PSigII contained a large plasmid of 100 kb compared with a 50 kb plasmid present in the 3 other B. spielmanii isolates, all carried the genes ospA and dbpA. Differences in the size of linear plasmids among the Borrelia strains may be a result of host–pathogen interactions, as the PSigII strain was the only strain of the 4 tested strains to be isolated from a patient with a previous history of Lyme disease, whereas 3 other patients were diagnosed with this disease for the first time.

Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) and genetic characteristics of animal and food isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Hungary

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Fekete ◽  
Béla Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
First Time

To study the genetic characteristics of DT104 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium and the prevalence of Salmonella Genomic Island (SGI1) in Hungary, 140 recent Salmonella strains of food and animal origin were examined. For the first time in Hungary, the SGI1 was found in 17 out of 59 S . Typhimurium isolates (all proven to be DT104 phage type). These 17 strains were then subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into 6 pulsotypes which were less correlated with the geographic origin than with the animal species of origin.

scholarly journals β-Lactam Resistance in Haemophilus parasuis Is Mediated by Plasmid pB1000 Bearing blaROB-1

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro San Millan ◽  
Jose Antonio Escudero ◽  
Ana Catalan ◽  
Silvia Nieto ◽  
Fidel Farelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT β-Lactam resistance in Haemophilus parasuis is an emerging phenomenon that has not yet been characterized from a molecular perspective. Clinical high-level β-lactam-resistant isolates from Spain bore a novel plasmid, pB1000, expressing a functionally active ROB-1 β-lactamase. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was applied for the first time to H. parasuis and showed that β-lactam resistance is due to clonal spread of a resistant strain, BB1018, bearing pB1000.

Spread of a large plasmid carrying thecpegene and thetcplocus amongstClostridium perfringensisolates from nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in a geriatric hospital

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. KOBAYASHI ◽  
A. WADA ◽  
S. SHIBASAKI ◽  
M. ANNAKA ◽  
H. HIGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Agglutination Assay ◽  
Geriatric Hospital ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Latex Agglutination Assay

SUMMARYTo investigate two clusters of diarrhoea cases observed in our geriatric hospital wards, the faecal specimens were analysed. Reversed passive latex agglutination assay revealed that 63·2% and 41·7% of the faecal specimens from each cluster were positive forClostridium perfringensenterotoxin. PCR assay revealed that 71·4% and 68·8% ofC. perfringensisolates from each cluster were positive for the enterotoxin gene (cpe). These observations suggested that both the clusters were outbreaks caused by enterotoxigenicC. perfringens. Subsequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by differentC. perfringensisolates. However, these outbreak isolates as well as other sporadic diarrhoea isolates shared a 75-kb plasmid on which thecpegene and thetcplocus were located. The 75-kb plasmid had horizontally spread to variousC. perfringensisolates and had caused outbreaks and sporadic infections. However, the site and time of the plasmid transfer are unclear.

scholarly journals Outbreak of KPC-3-producing ST15 and ST348Klebsiella pneumoniaein a Portuguese hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. VUBIL ◽  
R. FIGUEIREDO ◽  
T. REIS ◽  
C. CANHA ◽  
L. BOAVENTURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYTo date, only a few sporadic cases of infections due toKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC) producers have been reported in Portugal. Here, we report for the first time an outbreak ofK. pneumoniaeKPC-3 producers in a tertiary-care hospital during 2013. Twenty-seven ertapenem-resistantK. pneumoniaewere identified in patients at a tertiary-care hospital during 2013 isolated predominantly from urine (48·1%) and blood (25·9%) cultures. All isolates were highly resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics and most showed intermediate resistance to imipenem. The more frequentβ-lactamases were TEM- (77·7%), CTX-M- (70·3%) and KPC-type (66·6%). KPC-3 was identified by sequencing. TheblaKPC−3gene was associated with an IncF plasmid, and efficiently transferred toE. coliJ53. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed three clusters of isolates which were further characterized by multi-locus sequence typing as ST11, ST15 and ST348. Ertapenem-resistant ST15 was already in circulation in the hospital, related to expression of OmpK36 modified porin, but the other two sequence types had not been previously found in the hospital. We conclude that the IncF plasmid mediated transfer of KPC-3 in the outbreak and that implementation of carbapenemase gene screening in isolates from patients on admission to hospital is advisable in order to control dissemination of these antimicrobial resistance elements.

scholarly journals Adult onset recurrent seizures as the first presentation of primary hypoparathyroidism

F1000Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Pamela Correia ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Chandrashekhar Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Serum Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Phenytoin Sodium ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
First Time

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism leading to hypocalcemia is an important treatable cause of recurrent seizures. Primary hypoparathyroidism presenting for the first time as seizures in adulthood is quite infrequent. Patients may present with hypocalcemic seizures even in the absence of subtle hypocalcemic signs.Case report: A 30 year old male, was presented to the emergency facility in an unconscious condition. He was intubated on the way to the hospital as he had suffered from two episodes of ventricular tachycardia. He had previous history of recurrent seizures for 6 years inspite of multiple anticonvulsants including phenytoin sodium, sodium valproate, and levetiracetam. The seizure frequency increased in the last year and he would have 5-6 episodes/ month. A MRI brain scan and EEG at the onset were both normal, as was the general examination but he had history of bilateral cataracts. There were no signs of tetany. Investigations revealed a normal hemoglobin and glucose level with normal electrolytes and both TLC and DLC levels were also normal. He had a serum calcium level of 3.3 mg% with a serum parathyroid hormone level of 1pg/ml, serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels of 6.6ng/ml and hypomagnesemia. NCCT head scan showed bilateral basal ganglia, and deep white matter calcification.Conclusions: 1) Ironically, increasing reliance on high end investigations such as a MRI brain scan could lead to certain conditions being missed; conditions that could be easily identifiable by the humble CT scan. 2) All treatable metabolic conditions should be excluded at first before commencing with anticonvulsants; this will restrict patients from burdensome polytherapy and related side effects.

scholarly journals Infection of Hickman Catheter byPseudomonas (formerly Flavimonas)oryzihabitans Traced to a Synthetic Bath Sponge

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4577-4579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Marı́n ◽  
Darı́o Garcı́a de Viedma ◽  
Pablo Martı́n-Rabadán ◽  
Marta Rodrı́guez-Créixems ◽  
Emilio Bouza
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Indwelling Catheter ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hickman Catheter ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
First Time

Pseudomonas (formerly Flavimonas)oryzihabitans is an uncommon pathogen that may cause catheter-associated infections. Although it has occasionally been isolated from the environment, the source of human infection has not previously been documented. We describe an AIDS patient who developedPseudomonas oryzihabitans bacteremia due to colonization of a Hickman catheter. The patient reported having strictly followed the recommendations for catheter hygiene. The only flaw detected was the use of a synthetic bath sponge in the shower. The sponge was cultured and yielded P. oryzihabitans among other nonfermentative, gram-negative bacilli. To determine the prevalence of P. oryzihabitans in sponges, we cultured 15 samples from unrelated households. The microorganism was isolated from 3 of the 15 samples. Molecular typing by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) was performed with the environmental and clinical isolates. Three different profiles were obtained for the six isolates analyzed from the patient's sponge. The strain from the AIDS patient was identical to one of those from his sponge and was different from all the remaining strains. The AP-PCR typing results were subsequently confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. It can be concluded that sponges are occasionally colonized by P. oryzihabitans. For the first time a probable source of an indwelling catheter contamination with this bacterium has been found. Patients carrying these devices should avoid using sponge-like materials, as these are suitable environments for nonfermentative, gram-negative bacilli.

Dislocations and the thermal reactivity of calcite

1970 ◽  
Vol 314 (1518) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Strain Fields ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Reactivity Of Solids ◽  
Dislocation Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

A study has been made of the effect of dislocation movement on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of freshly cleaved calcite crystals. It is shown for the first time that the thermal history of the crystal has a marked effect on its reactivity and two patterns of behaviour have been identified; that in the temperature range up to ca . 700 K in which the kinetics of decomposition are sensitively dependent upon the nature and extent of the crystal’s previous history, and the range above 700 K in which annealing is rapid and reproducible kinetics are obtained for all crystals studied. This effect has not been observed in previous studies of calcite. It is suggested that this is because the experiments were carried out in the temperature range where movement of dislocations is so rapid that the surface structure is virtually constant during the measurements. Tentative correlations are made between the various stages of the observed rates of decomposition and the known dislocation systems in the crystal. The influence of applied stress was studied but because of limitations in the method of stressing the crystal, the amount of plastic deformation was small and its effect on reactivity was not marked. Qualitative consideration is given to the role of dislocations in the reactivity of solids and it is concluded that the elastic energy associated with the strain fields around or at the core of the dislocation cannot be used to promote chemical reactivity but that it is the change in the stereochemical environment of molecules in the dislocated region of the crystal which is important. ‘ . . . a curious illustration of the influence of mechanical forces over chemical affinity. . . ’ M. Faraday (1834)

Suicidal Ideation in Victims of Sexual Abuse in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Sheraz Ali ◽  
Johar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Victims Of Sexual Abuse ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Show

This study focuses on suicidal ideation in victims of sexual abuse. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews of thirty victims of sexual abuse in Khyber Pukhtunkhwah, Pakistan, this paper discusses the theme, i.e. domestic violence, including indiscriminate sexual abuse and the abhorring crime of incest, which remains hidden due to aggressively upheld patriarchal norms of women exploitation. The interviews conducted at six different locations, present women's narratives of their untold plight for the first time. The findings of this research show that among the respondents, only those women had strong suicidal ideations who were the victims of incest. Irritation, aggression and self-deprecating behaviour were strong symptoms of their suicidal temptations. Pain, physical and emotional, caused by overwhelming stress in the form of familial and social hatred, social disconnectedness, burdensomeness and the previous history of violence were the main factors that highly escalated their risk factor in committing suicide

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