Annual to decadal-scale variations in northwest Atlantic sector temperatures inferred from Labrador tree rings

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne D. D'arrigo ◽  
Edward R. Cook ◽  
Gordon C. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
North Atlantic Climate

Temperature-sensitive maximum latewood density chronologies from sites near tree line in Labrador are used to infer past changes in warm-season surface air and sea surface temperatures for the northwest Atlantic. Temperatures are reconstructed for the Grand Banks region based on density records from southern Labrador, while a density series from near Okak Fiord, northern Labrador, is used to infer past temperature variations for north-coastal Labrador and the adjacent Labrador Sea. The Labrador chronologies show good agreement with annual and decadal-scale temperature fluctuations over the recent period of instrumental record, and extend this temperature information into the past by several centuries. The lowest density value at the Okak site occurs in 1816, known as the "year without a summer" in eastern North America. Spectral analyses reveal statistically significant variations with periods of around 8.7, 18–22, and 45–66 years. These fluctuations are in general agreement with those identified in several instrumental and modeling analyses of North Atlantic climate.

Boreal temperature variability inferred from maximum latewood density and tree-ring width data, Wrangell Mountain region, Alaska

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole K. Davi ◽  
Gordon C. Jacoby ◽  
Gregory C. Wiles
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Latewood Density

AbstractVariations in both width and density of annual rings from a network of tree chronologies were used to develop high-resolution proxies to extend the climate record in the Wrangell Mountain region of Alaska. We developed a warm-season (July–September) temperature reconstruction that spans A.D. 1593–1992 based on the first eigenvector from principal component analysis of six maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 51% of the temperature variance from 1958 to 1992 and shows cold in the late 1600s–early 1700s followed by a warmer period, cooling in the late 1700s–early 1800s, and warming in the 20th century. The 20th century is the warmest of the past four centuries. Several severely cold warm-seasons coincide with major volcanic eruptions. The first eigenvector from a ring-width (RW) network, based on nine chronologies from the Wrangell Mountain region (A.D. 1550–1970), is correlated positively with both reconstructed and recorded Northern Hemisphere temperatures. RW shows a temporal history similar to that of MXD by increased growth (warmer) and decreased growth (cooler) intervals and trends. After around 1970 the RW series show a decrease in growth, while station data show continued warming, which may be related to increasing moisture stress or other factors. Both the temperature history based on MXD and the growth trends from the RW series are consistent with well-dated glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains and some of the temperature variations also correspond to variations in solar activity.

Maximum latewood density records of the oldest trees in the world: Great Basin Bristlecone pine (Pinus Longaeva)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom De Mil ◽  
Matthew Salzer ◽  
Charlotte Pearson ◽  
Valerie Trouet ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Temperature Proxy

<p>Great Basin Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) is known for its trees that attain old age. The longest chronology is more than 9000 years long, and the temperature-sensitive upper treeline chronology extends back to 5000 years. The ring width pattern of upper treeline bristlecone pine trees are strongly influenced by temperature variability at decadal to centennial scales. To infer a climate signal on annual scales, MXD is shown to be a better temperature proxy. Here, we present a preliminary Maximum Latewood Density (MXD) chronology of bristlecone pine to investigate the temperature signal in upper treeline and below. Maximum latewood density (MXD) from 24 dated cores (from various sites ranging from the upper treeline and below, oldest sample dates back to 776 AD) was determined with an X-ray CT toolchain. Ring and fibre angles were corrected and a MXD chronology was constructed. The resulting MXD chronology will be correlated to summer temperature. Future scanning will allow constructing a + 5000 year MXD chronology and could reveal the cooling effect of volcanic eruptions through this period.</p>

Temperature changes along the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest coast modeled from coastal tree rings

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Wiles ◽  
Rosanne D. D'Arrigo ◽  
Gordon C. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Pacific Northwest Coast ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Temperature Records

Warm-season (April–September) temperature models based on a network of coastal ring-width and maximum latewood density tree-ring chronologies are the first reconstructions for coastal stations along the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. These well-verified temperature models are consistent with long climatic series from coastal stations and other proxy data from the Pacific coast. Cool summers during the 1850s and late 1800s in the Gulf of Alaska correspond to general glacier advance from the region. The Pacific Northwest reconstruction shows summer temperatures cooling in the early 1800s, coincident with a maximum of glacier activity in the coastal Olympic Mountains, Washington. The two warm-season temperature records show intervals when anomalies are opposite in sign, most notably during the 1850s, when cooling is inferred for the Gulf and warming is inferred for the Pacific Northwest. The records are coherent, however, during other intervals, with both showing cooling in the early 1800s and warming around 1870. The phase of these two records may reflect decadal changes in large-scale circulation in the northeastern Pacific. These land temperature reconstructions are strongly correlated with nearby sea surface temperatures, indicating large-scale oceanic–atmospheric influences.

Environmental influences on fish and shellfish production in the Northwest Atlantic

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Mann ◽  
K.F. Drinkwater
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

Evidence is reviewed, linking physical oceanographic processes in the marine environment to changes in fish and shellfish stocks in the Northwest Atlantic. A case history study of the cod (Gadus morhua) stock of the northern Grand Banks and Labrador Shelf indicates a long slow amelioration of the environment between about 1945 and 1965, followed by a deterioration in the period 1965–1992. The most important environmental factors for the cod stocks appear to have been salinity and temperature. The trends can be traced back to climatic factors involving the Icelandic Low and the Azores–Bermuda High. When the atmospheric pressure difference in winter tended to be high, there was a progressive increase in the area of sea ice off Labrador and in the volume of cold water at depth. These factors have been shown to affect temperature and salinity conditions on the Grand Banks in spring and summer and are associated with poor growth and recruitment in the cod stocks. A similar case study of lobster (Homarus americanus) stocks indicates that temperature and river discharge are important environmental correlates, but neither can be shown to fully account for the recent trends in the stocks. Evidence is reviewed to show that physical environmental processes also influence recruitment and distribution of stocks of haddock, capelin, and squid. Some of the problems with correlational analysis are also discussed. It is recognized that factors other than the environment are influencing the stocks. Fishing mortality (detailed consideration of which is not included in this review) has clearly been important. Interactions between environmental factors and fishing mortality are probably of major importance.Key words: ocean environment, fish production, recruitment, northern cod, American lobster.

A millennium-long perspective on high-elevation pine recruitment in the Spanish central Pyrenees

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1108-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda ◽  
J. Julio Camarero ◽  
Jan Esper ◽  
J. Diego Galván ◽  
Ulf Büntgen
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Central Pyrenees

Long-term fluctuations in forest recruitment, at time scales well beyond the life-span of individual trees, can be related to climate changes. The underlying climatic drivers are, however, often understudied. Here, we present the recruitment history of a high-elevation mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Ram.) forest in the Spanish central Pyrenees throughout the last millennium. A total of 1108 ring-width series translated into a continuous chronology from 924 to 2014 CE, which allowed estimated germination dates of 470 trees to be compared against decadal-scale temperature variability. High recruitment intensity mainly coincided with relatively warm periods in the early 14th, 15th, 19th, and 20th centuries, whereas cold phases during the mid-17th, early 18th, and mid-19th centuries overlapped with generally low recruitment rates. In revealing the importance of prolonged warm conditions for high-elevation pine recruitment in the Pyrenees, this study suggests increased densification and even possible upward migration of tree-line ecotones under predicted global warming.

scholarly journals Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Murillo ◽  
P. Durán Muñoz ◽  
A. Altuna ◽  
A. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Habitat Mapping ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Black Corals

Abstract Murillo, F. J., Durán Muñoz, P., Altuna, A., and Serrano, A. 2011. Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (Northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 319–332. The distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass, and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland is described based on bycatch from Spanish/EU bottom trawl groundfish surveys between 40 and 1500 m depth. In all, 37 taxa of deep-water corals were identified in the study area: 21 alcyonaceans (including the gorgonians), 11 pennatulaceans, 2 solitary scleractinians, and 3 antipatharians. The greatest diversity of coral species was on the Flemish Cap. Corals were most abundant along the continental slope, between 600 and 1300 m depth. Soft corals (alcyonaceans), sea fans (gorgonians), and black corals (antipatharians) were most common on bedrock or gravel, whereas sea pens (pennatulaceans) and cup corals (solitary scleractinians) were found primarily on mud. The biomass of deep-water corals in the bycatches was highest in previously lightly trawled or untrawled areas, and generally low in the regularly fished grounds. The information derived from bottom-trawl bycatch records is not sufficient to map vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) accurately, but pending more detailed habitat mapping, it provides a valuable indication of the presence/absence of VMEs that can be used to propose the candidate areas for bottom fishery closures or other conservation measures.

scholarly journals An underestimated record breaking event: why summer 1540 was very likely warmer than 2003

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2695-2730
Author(s):  
O. Wetter ◽  
C. Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Latewood Density ◽  
Warm Anomaly ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Abstract. This paper challenges the argument obtained from the analysis of grape harvest (GHD) and maximum latewood density (MXD) data that the 2003 heat-wave in Western Europe was the most extreme warm anomaly in the last millennium. We have evidence that the heat and drought in 1540 known from numerous contemporary narrative documentary reports is not adequately reflected in these estimates. Vines severely suffered from the extreme heat and drought which led vine-growers to postpone the harvest in hope for a rain spell. At the time of harvest many grapes had already become raisins. Likewise, many trees suffered from premature leaf fall probably as a result of a decreased net photosynthesis, as it was measured in 2003. To more realistically assess 1540's spring–summer (AMJJ) temperature we present a new Swiss series of critically evaluated GHD. Basing on three different approaches considering the drought effect on vines, temperatures were assessed between 4.3 °C and 6.3 °C (including the Standard Error of Estimate (SEE) of 0.52 °C) above the 1901–2000 mean which is significantly higher than the value of 2.9 °C measured in 2003. Considering the significance of soil moisture deficits for extreme heat-waves this result still needs to be validated with estimated seasonal precipitation from independent evidence.

A Preliminary Reconstruction of Rainfall in North-Central China since A.D. 1600 from Tree-Ring Density and Width

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm K. Hughes ◽  
Wu Xiangding ◽  
Shao Xuemei ◽  
Gregg M. Garfin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Central China ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Maximum Latewood Density ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Latewood Density

AbstractMay-June (MJ) and April-July (AJ) precipitation at Huashan in north-central China has been reconstructed for the period A.D. 1600 to 1988 using tree-ring density and width fromPinus armandii. MJ precipitation (based on ring width and maximum latewood density) calibrated and cross-validated against local instrumental data more strongly than AJ precipitation (based only on ring width). A major drought was reconstructed for the mid- and late 1920s, confirmed by local documentary sources. This drought (culminating in 1929) was the most severe of the 389-yr period for MJ and second most severe for AJ, after an event ending in 1683. Neither reconstruction shows much spectral power at frequencies lower than 1 in 10 yr, but both show concentrations of power between 2.1 and 2.7 yr and 3.5 to 9 yr. There are significant correlations between the two reconstructions and a regional dryness/wetness index (DW) based on documentary sources, particularly at high frequencies. These correlations are focused in the 7.6- to 7.3-, 3.8- to 3.6-, and 2.5-yr periods. Using singular spectrum analysis, quasiperiodic behavior with a period close to 7.2 yr was identified in the MJ precipitation reconstruction and in the DW index based on documents.

Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Striped Bass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Hybrid Striped Bass ◽  
White Bass ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Range

<em>Abstract</em>.—We compared the habitat selection (temperature and dissolved oxygen) of striped bass (STB) <em>Morone saxatilis</em> and hybrid striped bass (HSB; palmetto bass [male white bass <em>M. chrysops</em> × female striped bass]) in Claytor Lake, Virginia. Striped bass (<em>n </em>= 28) and HSB (<em>n </em>= 33) were implanted with temperature-sensitive radio tags and tracked biweekly for a period of 19 months to record position and habitat use. Striped bass averaged 715 mm total length (range 533–940) whereas HSB averaged 547 mm total length (range 460–659). Habitat separation was most apparent in the warm season months of June through August. During this period, when deoxygenation of the metalimnion and hypolimnion was not limiting, STB and HSB segregated according to apparent temperature preferences, with HSB selecting warmer temperatures. As deoxygenation progressed, HSB and especially STB were forced into warmer strata than preferred. Results from this study suggest that if favorable dissolved oxygen levels are maintained, STB and HSB will vertically segregate during summer stratification. Temperature selection and qualitative observations of fish mortality in summer indicated that adult HSB would be less vulnerable than adult STB to a temperature–dissolved oxygen squeeze in summer and its detrimental effects.

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