The effect of Frankia isolates from Comptoniaperegrina and Alnuscrispa on the growth of Alnusglutinosa, A. cordata, and A. incana clones

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey O. Dawson ◽  
Soon-Hwa Sun
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth ◽  
Selection Of

Three Alnus clones, one each of A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., A. cordata (Lois.) Desg., and A. incana (L.) Ait., were inoculated with Frankia isolates from root nodules of Comptoniaperegrina (L.) Coult. and A. crispa var. mollis Fern. Both Frankia isolate and Alnus clone contributed significantly to postinoculation height and diameter growth of plants in nitrogen-free culture, while interaction between isolate and clone was not statistically significant (α = 0.05). All combinations of host plants and isolates yielded nodules that were effective in fixing nitrogen as evidenced by the ability of nodules to reduce acetylene to ethylene. Alnus plants inoculated with the Comptonia isolate grew in height at a rate 1.9 times that of Alnus plants inoculated with the A. crispa isolate, while more than doubling the stem diameter growth increment of plants inoculated with the A. crispa isolate. The A. glutinosa clone grew at least four times as rapidly in height and at least twice as rapidly in diameter as the other two Alnus clones after inoculation with Frankia isolates. Results indicate that potential exists for the improvement of growth rates of Alnus and other Frankia-nodulated plants by selection of both Frankia isolates and host plant genotypes for specific environments.

scholarly journals Stem diameter growth rates in a fire-prone savanna correlate with photosynthetic rate and branch-scale biomass allocation, but not specific leaf area

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Wright ◽  
Julia Cooke ◽  
Lucas A. Cernusak ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley ◽  
Marina C. Scalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Frequent Irrigation Increases Growth of Pot-in-Pot Sugar and Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Robert K. Witmer ◽  
Roger Harris ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

In Virginia, pot-in-pot production of shade trees is normally accomplished by growing bareroot whips in 56-L containers for two complete growing seasons (production cycles). This study monitored the growth of Acer saccharum L. `Green Mountain' (sugar maple), a species with moderate growth rate, and Acer rubrum L. `Franksred' (red maple), a species with a fast growth rate, under standard once-a-day irrigation regime (1X) and a cyclic three-times-a-day regime (3X). Equal daily volumes of water were applied under each regime. Height growth rate increased for sugar maples but decreased for red maples in production cycle two compared to production cycle one. Stem diameter growth rates remained steady for red maple, but increased slightly for sugar maple. A 3X irrigation regime increased stem diameter of red maples, but had no other effect on either species in year one. Height and stem diameter growth of both species were increased by the 3X treatment during production cycle two. This study indicates that the standard production period results in decreased growth in the second production cycle for red maple, but not for sugar maple. Growth rates can be enhanced with a 3X irrigation regime for both species in production cycle two. The 3X irrigation regime only increases the stem diameter growth of red maple in the first production cycle.

Differential responsiveness in stem height and diameter growth of two Ficus tree species in the Three Gorges reservoir region of China as affected by branch removal

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Zhangcheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir Region ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

In the Three Gorges reservoir region of China, Ficus microcarpa L. and Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata (Miq.) Corner (Moraceae) are widely used in greening and ecological restoration following construction, including roads, railways, towns, etc. Branch cuttings are used for cultivating saplings of these trees. We conducted a 4 year experiment that included four branch-removal intensities to evaluate the influence of branch removal on stem height and diameter growth of these Ficus spp. It was found that branch removal did not affect the stem height growth of either F. microcarpa or F. virens, but decreased the growth of their stem basal diameters. The reduction in growth of stem basal diameter was intensified with branch removal. As expected, branch removal decreased the tapering of whole tree stems, but this effect was mainly due to the alteration of the shape of the bare stem part, and the shape of the stem part within the intact upper crown was not affected by the treatment. The data clearly showed that stem height growth was less sensitive than stem diameter growth to branch removal, and that the response of stem diameter growth to branch removal differed between bare and intact stem parts.

scholarly journals Effect of Cyclic Irrigation on Growth of Magnolias Produced Using Five In-ground Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
R. C. Beeson ◽  
K. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Irrigation Event ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Ground Systems

Abstract Five in-ground systems were evaluated based on shoot growth and marketability for the production of 2.17 m (7 ft) tall and 5.08 cm (2 in) trunk diameter Magnolia grandiflora cv. ‘Symmes Select’. Systems evaluated were Root Control Bags, Geo-Cell bags, and #25 containers in pot-in-pot in Experiment 1, and Agro-liners in socket pots and directly in-ground in Experiment 2. Each system was either cyclically irrigated or given a single irrigation event daily. In Experiment 1, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of height growth and trunk diameter compared to a single irrigation. Trees in Root Control Bags and pot-in-pot grew at a similar rate and faster than those in Geo-Cell bags. Faster growth rates with cyclic irrigation resulted in earlier marketability compared to single irrigation daily, except for pot-in-pot. In Experiment 2, cyclic irrigation increased the rate of trunk diameter growth, and Agro-liners in pots had greater height and trunk diameter growth rates than those directly in ground. Trees grown in the in-ground pot systems, whether in Agro-liners or black polyethylene containers, grew similarly to trees in Root Control Bags. Trees grown in Geo-cells or Agro-liners in-ground had significantly slower growth than the other treatments.

scholarly journals Growth diversity, heritability, and genetic correlation of 4-years-old of Alstonia angustiloba progeny test in Wonogiri, Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Mashudi ◽  
D Setiadi ◽  
S Pudjiono ◽  
M Susanto ◽  
L Baskorowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Abstract Alstonia angustiloba is a local tree species that have potential for community forest plantation; therefore, it is important to provide improved seeds. This study aimed to determine the diversity of growth, estimate the value of heritability, and the genetic correlation of the 4-years-old A. angustiloba progeny test. Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors (population and family) were used in this study. In this study, families are nested in the population. The population factors consisted of 4 levels, and family factors consisted of 43 families. The analysis of variance showed that height and stem diameter growth were significantly different between populations and families at four years old. The best height and stem diameter growth at the population level was obtained from the Pendopo population, 4.45 m and 7.71 cm, respectively. At the family level, the best height growth was obtained from 9 families (4.46-5.06 m), and the best stem diameter growth was obtained from 11 families (7.48-8.72 cm). The estimated individual heritability value for height was 0.41, and stem diameter was 0.23. Estimated family heritability values were 0.66 for height and 0.50 for stem diameter. The genetic correlation between height and stem diameter was 0.97.

scholarly journals Seasonal Pattern of Stem Diameter Growth of Qinghai Spruce in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wan ◽  
Pengtao Yu ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Qinghai Spruce ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

It is important to develop a better understanding of the climatic and soil factors controlling the stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest. The results will provide basic information for the scientific prediction of trends in the future development of forests. To explain the seasonal pattern of stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce and its response to environmental factors in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, the stem diameter changes of 10 sample trees with different sizes and soil and meteorological conditions were observed from May to October of 2015 and 2016. Our results showed that the growth initiation of the stem diameter of Qinghai spruce was on approximately 25 May 2015 and 20 June 2016, and stem diameter growth commenced when the average air and soil temperatures were more than 10 °C and 3 °C, respectively. The cessation of growth occurred on approximately 21 August 2015 and 14 September 2016, and it was probably controlled by soil moisture. Stem diameter growth began earlier, ended later, and exhibited a larger growth rate as tree size increased. For the period May–October, the cumulative stem diameter growth of individual trees was 400 and 380 μm in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative stem diameter growth had a clear seasonal pattern, which could be divided into three growth stages, i.e., the beginning (from day of year (DOY) 120 to the timing of growth initiation with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1), rapid growth (from the timing of growth initiation to the timing of growth cessation with the daily growth rate of more than 2 μm·day−1), and ending stages (from the timing of growth cessation to DOY 300 with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1). The correlation of daily stem growth and environmental factors varied with growth stages; however, temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture were the key factors controlling daily stem diameter growth. Overall, these results indicated that the seasonal variation in stem growth was regulated by soil and climatic triggers. Consequently, changes in climate seasonality may have considerable effects on the seasonal patterns of both stem growth and tree growth.

Life history variations in two populations of Sphaerium rhomboideum (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Mackie ◽  
L. A. Flippance
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Selection Of

Distinctly different life history patterns of Sphaerium rhomboideum were observed in two permanent ponds within 1 km of each other near Guelph, Ontario. Compared with the population from the large pond, the population from the small pond usually had larger numbers of newborn (40% vs. 20%) that did not grow immediately after birth, three birth periods (peaks in late May, July to August, and October to November) instead of one (peak in September), significantly smaller newborn (3.8–4.2 mm in length depending on birth period vs. 4.5 mm in length), significantly faster average summer growth rates (0.147 mm∙day−1 vs. 0.062 mm∙day−1), shorter longevities (12 months vs. 14 months), both semelparous and iteroparous reproduction (depending on birth period) as opposed to only iteroparous reproduction in the other population, and less mortality of larvae (58% vs. 72%) resulting in annual ratios of selection of 3.21 for the semelparous form and 4.39 for the iteroparous form as opposed to 5.08 for the iteroparous form in the other population. Neither r, K, nor stochastic theories of life history tactics appear to predict the differences in life history patterns of these two populations of S. rhomboideum.

Foliar ozone injury and radial growth of ponderosa pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Temple ◽  
Paul R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Foliar injury symptoms and stem diameter growth were measured on well-watered and drought-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings at the end of each of 3 years of exposure to three levels of ozone: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone. Ozone-injury indices were constructed by adding percent chlorotic mottle and percent necrosis for each needle age-class. Percent necrosis was weighted from 1 to 5 times to construct different indices. Seedlings grown in nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone developed severe foliar injury after 2 years of exposure and were the only seedlings with significant reductions in radial growth after three seasons of exposure to a mean seasonal ozone concentration of 88 ppb. Foliage that had developed >30% chlorotic mottle by September of the 2nd year had abscised by September of the following year. Reduction in radial growth was significantly correlated with amount of foliar injury in well-watered trees, and the best-fit regression equation occurred when percent necrosis was weighted by a factor of 4. Regressions between foliar-injury indices and radial growth in drought-stressed trees were not significant, nor were regressions between radial growth and foliar injury among well-watered trees with only 1 year of premature needle abscission. The low R2 (0.30) between foliar injury and radial growth in well-watered trees and the lack of a significant regression in drought-stressed trees suggest that detection of reductions in stem diameter growth of ponderosa pine in the field in response to ozone injury could be difficult, except for severely injured trees with fewer than 2 years of foliar retention.

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