Geoclimatic Patterns in Specific Gravity and Tracheid Length in Wood of Pitch Pine

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thomas Ledig ◽  
Bruce J. Zobel ◽  
Martha F. Matthias
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Selection For

Increment cores, 12 mm diameter, were taken from pitch pine throughout its natural range and analyzed for tracheid length, unextracted specific gravity, and extracted specific gravity. Tracheid length and specific gravity increased from north to south along topoclines. However, correlations with climatic variables such as mean annual snowfall, date in the spring when mean temperature reaches 6 °C (43 °F), or daylength on that date, were more closely related to tracheid length and specific gravity than geographic location perse, indicating the existence of ecoclines. It is hypothesized that the geoclimatic patterns are the pleiotrophic result of selection for shorter. growing seasons in northern latitudes. Variance components indicated substantial variation in specific gravity among trees within stands and among areas, but not among stands in areas. For tracheid length, all three sources of variation were significant. Correlations between wood properties were low when calculated among trees within stands.

Selection for cellulose content, specific gravity, and volume in young Populusdeltoides clones

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Olson ◽  
Charles J. Jourdain ◽  
Randall J. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Lower Mississippi River ◽  
Selection For

Seventy-five eastern Cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr.) clones, selected from tests representing the top one-third of clones tested throughout the Lower Mississippi River Valley, were analyzed for alpha cellulose content, specific gravity, and volume after three growing seasons. All traits were found to differ significantly among clones. Mean clonal alpha cellulose content ranged from 48.2 to 55.8% of oven-dry, extractive-free wood with an average of 51.1%. Specific gravity averaged 0.33, with clones ranging from 0.27 to 0.39. Specific gravity was highly inherited, while alpha cellulose content was found to be moderately heritable. Negative genetic correlations between volume and both wood properties indicate that using a selection index to simultaneously improve all three traits is currently not possible. Two other selection methods were discussed. These selections showed substantial gain differentials in volume, but either a small loss or improvement in specific gravity and alpha cellulose content. This indicates that at age 3 years only volume should be considered in a selection program.

Growth and Wood Properties in a Carolina Sandhills Pine Seed Source Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jett ◽  
W. M. Guiness
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Excellent Growth

Abstract Eight pine sources were planted on a sandhills site in South Carolina. Total height, dbh, wood specific gravity, tracheid length, and fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum [Berk.] Miyabe ex. Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection were evaluated following 17 growing seasons. The Choctawhatcheesource of sand pine (Pinus clausa [Chapm.] Vasey) is apparently well adapted to the deep sands of the Carolina sandhills and exhibited superior height and diameter growth to slash pine, two local sources of loblolly pine (P. taeda L.), and two sources of Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.). A combination of excellent growth and reasonable survival resulted in significantly more cubic foot volume per acre than the other seed sources or species included in this study. Despite having the lowest weighted specific gravity of all sources in this planting, the Choctawhatchee sand pineproduced more than twice as much dry weight per acre than any other source. A single open-pollinated family of drought-hardy loblolly pine from Bastrop County, TX, displayed excellent growth, survival, rust resistance, and wood quality. Its performance warrants a more careful and wider evaluationof this seed source for use on these difficult sandhills sites in the Carolinas. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):164-169

Specific gravity and tracheid length variation of white spruce in Alberta

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Taylor ◽  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Alvin Yanchuk ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation ◽  
Unusual Finding

Specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured for increment cores from 10 trees in each of four selected white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alberta. The data show large specific gravity differences among sample stands and from tree to tree within stands. Longer tracheids were found in mature wood of trees grown in the more northern stands sampled. A few trees were intensively examined to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith to bark and stump to crown are reported with comments on the importance of these variation patterns to breeding programs for the improvement of the wood properties. A somewhat unusual finding was that white spruce produces wood in top logs that is of equal or greater specific gravity and tracheid length than wood produced in butt logs.

Geographical variation in wood properties of Larixlaricina juvenile wood in northern Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 648-653
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
G. Hazenberg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Individual Trees

Growth rate, latewood ratio, specific gravity, and tracheid length of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch juvenile wood were studied with two 12-mm increment cores extracted at breast height from 240 healthy trees from 12 locations at a range in latitude from 46 to 56° N in northern Ontario. Ten trees were selected from each stand and two stands were chosen from each location. Univariate analyses of variance indicated that growth rate and latewood of juvenile wood varied significantly in various locations, stands, and trees at the α = 0.01 level of significance. Growth rate of juvenile wood decreased from a lower latitude to a higher latitude, whereas latewood ratios displayed a reverse trend, i.e., a higher latewood ratio was found at a higher latitude. Specific gravity of juvenile wood varied significantly in individual trees. Tracheid length varied significantly among locations, stands, and trees. The overall average growth rate, tracheid length, and specific gravity are 1.29 mm per ring, 2.10 mm, and 0.43, respectively. An unexpected relationship was found between growth rate and tracheid length. Growth rate of juvenile wood has a positive relationship with tracheid length and an inverse relationship with specific gravity.

scholarly journals Strong Genetic Control of High Wood Specific Gravity in Young Progenies of Pinus brutia: Potential of Early Selection for Industrial Plantations

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yildirim ◽  
H. Öztürk ◽  
S. Siklar ◽  
O. D. Balkiz ◽  
Z. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Brutia ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Turkish Red Pine

AbstractTo increase quality and amount of wood production in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutiaTen.), genetic control of wood specific gravity (WSG), tracheid length and growth traits was investigated in Ceyhan1A progeny trial by evaluating 168 families originated from six clonal Turkish red pine seed orchards. Wood samples were taken by destructive sampling during the rouging of this trial at the age of seven. Differences among the 168 families for mean WSG was large (ranged from 0.35 to 0.62), as indicated by high individual (0.42±0.07) and family mean (0.55±0.03) heritabilities. Family differences and high heritabilities were also observed for all growth traits and tracheid length. Genetic correlations between WSG and growth traits were insignificant (near zero), while low and insignificant negative phenotypic correlations among the same traits were also observed. Predicted genetic gain for single trait selection at age of seven was low for WSG (0.37%), but substantial for stem volume (8.4%) in phenotypic seed orchards. However, the first generation clonal seed orchards consisting of the best 30 clones yielded higher genetic gains (5.2% for WSG and 35% for stem volume). These preliminary results suggest that selection for wood characteristics and growth traits in Turkish pine could be practiced at early ages for short rotation (about 30 years) in industrial plantations.

Wood quality of white spruce from north central Alberta

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene I. C. Wang ◽  
Michael M. Micko
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Complex Variation

Wood specific gravity and tracheid lengths were measured from increment cores and discs of 10 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) trees from each of four stands in the Slave Lake forest of north central Alberta. Such measurements were used to indicate the variation of wood properties among trees and within individual stems. The specific gravity of white spruce grown in the Slave Lake area was somewhat greater than that found in the Edson and Footner Lake areas reported earlier. Tracheid length was comparable to that found in trees from Footner Lake and longer than that from the Edson trees on the same age basis. Within a tree, growth rate affected wood specific gravity negatively. However, no correlation was evident between these parameters among trees. Seven trees were examined intensively to determine the variation of properties within the stem. The complex variation patterns from pith-to-bark and stump-to-crown are reported. Contrary to the Edson and Footner Lake trees, a very high corewood specific gravity was not observed. Tracheid length increased from pith to the periphery and from stump to crown.

Intrinsic and extrinsic sources of variation in the diets of harp and hooded seals revealed by fatty acid profiles

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahan Tucker ◽  
W. Don Bowen ◽  
Sara J. Iverson ◽  
Garry B. Stenson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Resource Polymorphism ◽  
The North ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus ◽  
Ontogenetic Niche Shifts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Individuals of different age, sex, and morphology are expected to exhibit differences in dietary niches largely owing to sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic niche shifts, and resource polymorphism. Harp ( Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)) and hooded ( Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)) seals are geographically overlapping and highly migratory predators in the North Atlantic Ocean. These species differ in their diving behaviour, with hooded seals diving deeper, longer, and more associated with the continental shelf edge and deep ocean than harp seals. We examined blubber fatty acid (FA) composition (N = 37; 93% of total FA by mass) of harp (adults N = 294; juveniles N = 232) and hooded (adults N = 118; juveniles N = 38) seals to test hypotheses about sources of intrinsic (age and sex) and extrinsic (geographic location, season, year) variations in diets. A significant difference in FA profiles suggested dietary segregation between species. We found significant effects of sex and age class on FA profiles, with these being more pronounced in the highly size-dimorphic hooded seals than in harp seals. FA profiles of both species also varied between inshore and offshore sampling locations and between prebreeding and postbreeding periods. Finally, FA profiles of harp seals differed among years, which was coincident with large changes in prey distribution and availability in the mid-1990s.

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

Five-Year Heights of Pitch Pine Progeny at Two New Jersey Plantations

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
John E. Kuser
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Plus Tree

Abstract Within-species selection was chosen as the method to improve pitch pine for a seed orchard to furnish seedlings for revegetation in southern New Jersey. In a progeny test of 68 families of open-pollinated plus tree seedlings at two plantation sites, after 5 growing seasons the top family among selected pitch pine progeny was as tall as the best pitch x loblolly check stock, and the best five pitch families were in the same range with another pitchlob and two loblolly families. Mean heights were slightly greater on a worked-out sandpit site than on an undisturbed sandy topsoil. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):146-149.

Between- and Within-Tree Variation in the Anatomy and Specific Gravity of Wood in Oregon White Oak (Quercus Garryana Dougl.)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lei ◽  
Michael R. Milota ◽  
Barbara L. Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Earlywood Vessel ◽  
Oregon White Oak

In order to analyze the variation in wood properties within and between trees of an underutilized tree species, we sampled six Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl.) trees from an 80-year old mixed stand of Q. garryana and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in the Coast Range of Western Oregon, USA. Fibre length, earlywood vessel diameter, tissue proportions, and specific gravity were measured on samples across the diameter at two heights. Trees had a slight lean (2-12°), so we sampled separately both radii of a diametric strip that ran from the lower to upper side of lean.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document