Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1577-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Macadam
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available P ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Slash Burning

Soil samples were taken before and 9 and 21 months after the operational broadcast burning of logging slash in two clear-cuts in the Sub-boreal Spruce Zone of central British Columbia. Average slash consumption on the two clear-cuts was estimated from line intersect samples at 20 and 24 t/ha and forest floor depth was reduced by 28 and 36%. Nine months after burning, soil N had decreased by 376 kg/ha (18% of preburn levels) while available P had increased by 37–157 kg/ha. Burning resulted in substantial increases in forest floor base saturation, pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and available P. Changes within the 0–15 and 15–30 cm mineral soil layers were variable and in general less pronounced. Significant positive correlations were observed between the consumption of large fuels and postburn changes in forest floor pH and exchangeable Ca and Mg. Changes in forest floor N were negatively correlated with amounts of fine slash consumed. A strongly negative correlation was observed between forest floor depth of burn and changes in forest floor exchangeable K concentrations.

Impacts of repeated fertilization on components of the soil biota under a young lodgepole pine stand in the interior of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1415-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Berch ◽  
Robert P Brockley ◽  
Jeff P Battigelli ◽  
Shannon Hagerman ◽  
Brian Holl
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Available P ◽  
Fine Root Length

We studied elements of the soil biota in a 24-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stand in interior British Columbia 10 years after initiation of annual fertilizer treatments. The treatments included an unfertilized control, ON1 (650 kg nitrogen (N), 400 kg phosphorus (P), 400 kg potassium (K)), and ON2 (1350 kg N, 400 kg P, 400 kg K). In the forest floor, the C/N ratio was lower in ON1 and ON2 than in the unfertilized control, while available P and exchangeable magnesium were higher; NO3 was higher only in ON2. In the upper mineral soil, available P was higher in ON1 and ON2, while NO3 was higher only in ON2. In both the forest floor and upper mineral soil, microbial activity was higher in ON1 than in the unfertilized control or ON2. In the forest floor and mineral soil, Acari density, especially Oribatida and Prostigmata, was higher in ON2 than in ON1 and the unfertilized control. In contrast, Collembola density, especially Hypogastruridae, increased in ON2 relative to that in other treatments. ON2 had less lodgepole pine fine-root length, fewer ectomycorrhizal roots, fewer active fine roots, more nonmycorrhizal fine roots, and a different ectomycorrhizal community structure than ON1 and the unfertilized control. These dynamic changes to the soil biota appear to reflect changes to the plant community in response to fertilization.

Organic C and nutrients in surface soils from some primary rainforests, derived grasslands and secondary rainforests on the Atherton Tableland in North East Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Maggs ◽  
B Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Metamorphic Rock ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Organic C ◽  
North East ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Labile N

Some long term effects of (a) converting rainforest to grassland, and (b) rainforest regeneration on cleared land were investigated by comparing chemical properties of mineral soil (0-10 cm depth) from beneath primary rainforest, derived grassland and old secondary rainforest. Grasslands and secondary rainforest. were on land cleared at least 50 years ago. The study was undertaken on the Atherton Tableland in north east Queensland using soils formed on basalt, granite and metamorphic rocks. Organic C, kjeldahl N and labile N were 15-50% lower (P < 0.05) beneath grassland than primary rainforest for all soils, and were higher beneath secondary rainforest than grassland. Exchangeable Ca varied in a similar way in basaltic soils but did not differ between vegetation types in the other soils. Extractable Al was lower under grassland than either forest type for soils formed on granite and metamorphic rock. Total and organic P concentrations did not differ between primary forest and grassland, but were lowest under secondary rainforest for soils on metamorphic rock.

The effect of wildfire on soil chemistry in four forest types in interior Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Dyrness ◽  
K. Van Cleve ◽  
J. D. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Available P ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Surface Mineral

Soil chemical properties were studied after a wildfire in stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), and quaking aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). Samples of the forest floor and surface 5 cm of mineral soil were collected from burned sites and unburned controls and analyzed soon after the fire. With the exception of soil pH, effects of the fire on soil chemistry differed among the four forest types. Generally, amounts of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg did not appreciably increase in the forest floor and surface mineral soil except in heavily burned areas in white spruce and black spruce. Fire reduced amounts of N by about 50% in white spruce, aspen, and birch forest floors. In black spruce, quantities of N were slightly higher in heavily burned locations. Forest floor C:N ratios were substantially lower in heavily burned locations in white spruce and black spruce than in unburned controls. Burning did not have a marked influence on supplies of available P in the forest floor, except in heavily burned black spruce, where average amounts were 12.50 g/m2 versus only 0.46 g/m2 in the control. Burning caused more moderate gains in available P in surface mineral soils under aspen and white spruce. We concluded that fire caused marked short-term changes in soil chemistry in the four forest types. How long these changes will persist is unknown.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador

Radiocarbon ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke H Tonneijck ◽  
Johannes van der Plicht ◽  
Boris Jansen ◽  
Jacobus M Verstraten ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
Organic Horizons

Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.

Site index, site quality, and foliar nutrients of trembling aspen: relationships and predictions

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han YH Chen ◽  
Karel Klinka ◽  
Richard D Kabzems
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Foliar Nutrients ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Soil Model ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

To examine the relationships between trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) productivity, environmental attributes, and foliar nutrients and to make accurate predictions of trembling aspen productivity, we sampled 60 naturally established, fire-originated, and even-aged trembling aspen stands in northern British Columbia. Trembling aspen site index significantly varied with latitude, elevation, aspect, slope position, edatopes, some forest floor and mineral soil physical and chemical properties, and concentrations of some foliar nutrients. To predict site index, we developed multiple linear regression models using climatic variables, topographic properties, edatopes, soil physical and chemical properties, or foliar nutrients as predictors. Model accountability for variation of site index differed in decreasing order from soil model, climatic model, forest floor model, foliar nutrient model, edatope model, topographic model, to mineral soil model. Examined by the test data set, all models were unbiased, but they had different levels of precision in prediction in decreasing order from edatope model, soil model, forest floor model, mineral soil model, foliar nutrient model, climatic model, to topographic model. The soil and foliar nutrients models may provide insight into ecosystem processes, but the models using climatic variables and topographic properties or edatopes as predictors are recommended for predicting trembling aspen site index.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemical Properties and Application as Acid Soil Amendment of Pretreatment Center Slag and Other Slags

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Suwarno . ◽  
Itsuo Goto ◽  
Hiroshi Masujima
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Liming Material ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Bf Slag

Chemical properties of Pretreatment center slag (PTC-slag) were analyzed and compared to those of converter slag (C slag) and blast furnace slag (BF slag). PTC slag had a high EC value as well as citric acid soluble P and contained more Ca, Si, P, K, and Na but less Mg and Fe than C slag. Compared to BF slag, PTC slag contained more Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Mn, and Na but less Si, Al, and K. Although neutralizing value of PTC slag was lower than that of C slag, its ability to neutralize soilacidity was markedly higher. A pot experiment using Andisol from Tochigi Prefecture and komatsuna plant was carried outto evaluate PTC slag as liming material as well as P fertilizer. PTC slag, C slag, and dolomite were applied as liming materials and combined with super phosphate (SP). Addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% phosphate absorption coefficient (PAC) to PTC slag significantly improved the yield of komatsuna.This result, however, only apply for PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 6.5. Addit~ono f the same dosage of SP to PTC slag adjusting soil pH to 7.5 did not give significant effect. On the other hand, addition of SP of 2.5 and 5.0% PAC to C slag or dolomite significantly improved the yield for both C slag ordolomite adjusting. the soil pH to 6.5 and 7.5. Results of the experiment also indicated that P'TC slag and C slag significantly increased soil pH; exchangeable Ca, and Mg and improved available P, B, and Mn in Andisol. The magnitudes ofthese effects of the two slags, however, were difference. As compared to C slag and dolomite, PTC slag increased lower exchangeable Mg but higher available P. These results suggest that for acid soil amendment, PTC slag was better than dolomite and C slag due to the fact that this material supplymore P and B. Application of PTC slag as acid soil amendment will reduce the demand of P fertilizer, and even in high dosage can meet the P demand of komatsuna plant.

scholarly journals Carbon content of forest floor and mineral soil in Mediterranean Pinus spp. and Oak stands in acid soils in Northern Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. e065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Herrero ◽  
María Belén Turrión ◽  
Valentín Pando ◽  
Felipe Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Pinus Spp

Aim of study: The aim of the study was to determine the baseline carbon stock in forest floor and mineral soils in pine and oak stands in acid soils in Northern Spain.Area of study: The study area is situated in northern Spain (42° N, 4° W) on “Paramos y Valles” region of PalenciaMaterial and methods: An extensive monitoring composed of 48 plots (31 in pine and 17 in oak stands) was carried out. Litter layers and mineral soil samples, at depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, were taken in each plot. An intensive monitoring was also performed by sampling 12 of these 48 plots selected taken in account species forest composition and their stand development stage. Microbial biomass C (CMB), C mineralization (CRB), and soil organic C balance at stand level were determined in surface soil samples of intensive monitoring.Main results: No differences in soil C content were detected in the two forest ecosystems up to 60 cm depth (53.0±25.8 Mg C ha-1 in Pinus spp. plantations and 60.3±43.8 Mg C ha-1 in oak stands). However, differences in total C (CT), CMB and CRB were found in the upper 10 cm of the soils depending on the stand development stage in each species forest composition (Pinus nigra, Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica). Plots with high development stage exhibited significant lower metabolic quotient (qCO2), so, meant more efficient utilization of C by the microbial community. The C content in the forest floor was higher in pine stands (13.7±0.9 Mg C ha-1) than in oak stands (5.4±0.7 Mg C ha-1). A greater turnover time was found in pine ecosystems vs. oak stands. In contrast, forest floor H layer was nonexistent in oak stands.Research highlights: Results about litterfall, forest floor and mineral soil dynamics in this paper can be used strategically to reach environmental goals in new afforestation programs and sustainable forest management approaches.Keywords: C stocks; pine; Quercus pyrenaica; litter; metabolic quotient (qCO2).

Effect of grazing on chemical and physical properties of an earthy sand in the Western Australian Mulga Zone

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Western Australian

An earthy sand supporting a mulga shrubland community in the arid winter rainfall zone in Western Australia is characterized in terms of its chemical and physical properties. In this study, changes in these properties with overgrazing were investigated. Nutrient levels were low in relation to some soils supporting mulga communities elsewhere in Australia. Marked accumulations of total N, organic C and exchangeable Ca occurred in the hummocks of wind blown material surrounding surface obstructions. Improved water relationships are probably responsible for the abundance of ephemeral growth on such areas, and for their subsequent chemical enrichment. Changes in chemical properties with depth were evident for pH, total N, organic C, available P and exchangeable Mg with values decreasing from the 0-2 cm layer to the 2-10 cm layer in all cases. Chemical changes associated with overgrazing were restricted to the 0-2 cm layer. Some trends towards lower levels of organic C, total N, and available P could be distinguished, particularly for organic C and total N in hummock surfaces, but chemical parameters generally did not provide a sensitive measure of grazing impact. Sorptivity varied between the sandy and crusted phases of the soil mosaic and was reduced on sites in very poor condition. Sorptivity changes under grazing were apparently mediated partly by changes in the structural properties of the soil crust. There was no significant effect of overgrazing on either the bulk density of the surface (sub-crust) soil or on summer surface temperatures.

Broiler litter applications and chemical properties of highly weathered soils.

1969 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Ulises Chardón-Alcázar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available P ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Weathered Soils ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Highly Weathered Soils

The effect of broiler litter applications on chemical properties of three highly weathered soils of different mineralogy was evaluated. The soils included in the study were Coto (very fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Typic Eutrustox), Consumo (fine, mixed, semiactive, isohyperthermic Typic Haplohumults), and Corozal (very fine, parasesquic, isohyperthermic Typic Hapludults). Five broiler litter treatments (0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 t/ha) were evaluated in a Complete Randomized Block Design with four replications. The soils were incubated for two months at room temperature (23° C). Broiler litter did not increase 3+ significantly the pH of the soils; however, soil exchangeable Al decreased 3+ in all soils as a result of broiler litter applications. Exchangeable Al in Coto soil decreased from 0.21 cmolc/kg in the 0 broiler litter treatment to 0.09 cmolc/kg in the 20 t/ha treatment, in Consumo soil from 1.08 to 0.19 cmolc/kg, and in Corozal soil from 7.57 a 5.76 cmolc/kg. The treatments also increased electrical conductivity of the soils, such an effect being more evident in Coto soil. The 20 t/ha treatment increased soil electrical conductivity of Coto by 74%, whereas for Consumo and Corozal soils the increase was only 55 and 54%, respectively. Available P content in Coto soil increased from 40 mg/kg in the check treatment, to 65 mg/kg in the 20 t/ha manure treatment. In Consumo and Corozal soils no significant change in available P was observed. This finding is indicative of the high P fixing capacity of these soils. It is suggested 3+ that soil exchangeable Al in Consumo and Corozal soils is reacting with P in the manure, forming aluminum phosphates and contributing to phosphate + 2+ fixation. Broiler litter application increased exchangeable K and Mg , but 2+ 2+ not exchangeable Ca , in the three soils; exchangeable Mn increased in Consumo and Coto soils.

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