Temporal and spatial variation of oak growth–climate relationships along a pollution gradient in the midwestern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 772-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Deposition Gradient ◽  
Response Variables

The Kalman filter procedure was used to evaluate temporal variation in associations between physiologically based climate indices and radial growth of black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) and white oak (Quercusalba L.) at seven similar sites along the Ohio River corridor acidic-deposition gradient. Physiological response variables were derived by a model that used daily weather data to estimate effects of climate on growing season net photosynthesis and woody respiration. Correlations between oak radial growth indices and physiological response variables deteriorated over the period of record (1900–1987) at all seven study sites; there was no spatial association between the deterioration and the acidic-deposition gradient. This deterioration of growth–climate correlations was temporally associated with decreased growing season temperature at all seven sites; no consistent temporal trend was found for growing season precipitation. The effects of decreasing temperature on modeled physiological response variables included increased net photosynthesis and decreased woody respiration. These results suggest that recent assessments of relationships between acidic deposition and forest condition in the Ohio River region have been done during a time period of relaxed climatic stress and may have underestimated pollution–climate stress interactions.

Predicting effects of global warming on growth and mortality of upland oak species in the midwestern United States: a physiologically based dendroecological approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. LeBlanc ◽  
Jeffrey R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
River Region ◽  
Black Oak

This study combined an ecophysiological model and dendroecological analyses to evaluate potential effects of global warming on the physiology, growth, and mortality of white oak (Quercusalba L.) and black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) in the Ohio River region. The model integrated data for ecophysiology of oak species, site attributes, and daily temperature and precipitation to model nonlinear responses of stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (Pnet), and woody respiration (Rw) to variations in temperature and soil water content. Relationships between modeled physiological response indices and actual white and black oak annual radial growth indices were evaluated by regression analyses, using growth and weather data for the period 1900–1987 for seven upland oak–hickory forests. Modeled physiological response indices explained 40–60% of variation in radial growth indices. To evaluate the effects of global warming, daily temperature values for the period 1900–1987 were increased by 2 or 5 °C, without changing precipitation values, and physiological response indices were computed. Model indices generated in warming simulations were entered into dendroclimatic regression models calibrated under conditions without any warming to predict radial growth under warming scenarios. Under the warming scenarios, OAKWBAL predicted a substantial increase in growing season Rw, but little change in growing season Pnet. Warming merely shifted the period of near-maximal Pnet earlier in the growing season, without changing its duration. However, this result was somewhat dependent upon the ability of leaf-out phenology to track changes in temperature regime. The net effect of increased Rw, with little change in Pnet, was a reduction in radial growth and a higher frequency of years with climatic conditions stressful to oaks on upland sites. A historical association between severe drought and increased incidence of oak growth decline and mortality indicated that global warming could increase the incidence of decline and mortality in oak populations on upland sites similar to those in this study.

A physiological approach to dendroclimatic modeling of oak radial growth in the midwestern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Foster ◽  
David C. LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Quercus Species

This paper describes the development of OAKWBAL, a physiologically based model that integrates daily weather data with site and species-specific ecophysiological data to estimate climate effects on physiology and radial growth of oak (Quercus) species. This model generates relative physiological response indices for cumulative canopy net photosynthesis and woody tissue respiration during the season of radial growth and the season of carbohydrate storage. These indices are entered as predictor variables in regression models, with detrended annual basal area increment as the response variable. Separate analyses were performed for seven similar sites located from northwest Arkansas to eastern Ohio. The analyses showed that (i) individual physiological response indices produced by the OAKWBAL model were better correlated with radial growth of black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) and white oak (Quercusalba L.) than were monthly climate variables; (ii) coefficients of determination for dendroclimatic regression models based on monthly weather variables were slightly higher than those for models based on physiological indices, but the monthly weather models included an average of three more predictor variables; and (iii) dendroclimatic regression models using physiological indices exhibited greater consistency across sites and were more amenable to biological interpretation than models using monthly climate variables.

Width of sugar maple (Acersaccharum) tree rings as affected by climate

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2370-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Lane ◽  
D.D. Reed ◽  
G.D. Mroz ◽  
H.O. Liechty
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cook County ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Deposition Gradient

The effects of climate on the growth of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) were studied at five sites along an 800-km acidic deposition gradient from Cook County, Minnesota, to Oceana County, Michigan. Fifty increment cores were taken from 25 dominant and codominant individuals at each site in the spring of 1990. Annual ring widths (1940–1989) were measured to 0.01 mm, standardized by taking the first logarithmic differences, and averaged into chronologies using the biweight mean. The five resulting chronologies were then related to climate using least squares regression techniques. The analyses indicate that temperature is associated with sugar maple growth to a greater degree than precipitation, though there were differences in the relationships among the five study sites. Growth was also found to be significantly affected by prior growing season conditions. No evidence of an overall decline or increase in sugar maple growth rates was observed over the 50-year study period.

Interactive effects of acidic deposition, drought, and insect attack on oak populations in the midwestern United States

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
River Region ◽  
Branch Dieback ◽  
Black Oak

The objective of this study was to determine if acidic deposition predisposes oaks to decline after drought. Associations were evaluated between oak decline and mortality after drought and (1)pre-drought growth; (2)tree size, age, and competitive status; (3)attack by twolined chestnut borer (TLCB); (4)acidic deposition; and (5)soil acidity. This study was conducted in the Ohio River region of the United States. White oak (Quercus albaL.), black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), and the locally dominant oak (chestnut oak (Quercus prinusL.) or post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.)) were studied at six similar sites along an acidic deposition gradient during the period 1988-1992. Prevalence of severe branch dieback and mortality was low ( < 10%) at all sites, but fewer oaks in Illinois were in the 0-10% dieback class than in other states. Also, fewer oaks in Illinois than Ohio exhibited immediate recovery after the 1988 drought. Prevalence of TLCB attack was similar across all sites; >85% of dead trees had been attacked, but <10% of living trees were damaged. Most dead oaks had lower pre-drought radial growth than survivors of the same species. Branch dieback, growth decline, and mortality were more prevalent in the black oak population than the other oak species. There was no evidence that acidic deposition predisposed oaks to post-drought decline.

Dynamics of stem radial growth of Picea meyeri during the growing season at the treeline of Luya Mountain, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Yu DONG ◽  
Yuan JIANG ◽  
Hao-Chun YANG ◽  
Ming-Chang WANG ◽  
Wen-Tao ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season

scholarly journals Comparison of the Radial Growth Response of Picea crassifolia to Climate Change in Different Regions of the Central and Eastern Qilian Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Xuan Wu ◽  
Liang Jiao ◽  
Dashi Du ◽  
Changliang Qi ◽  
Ruhong Xue
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Picea Crassifolia ◽  
The Qilian Mountains

It is important to explore the responses of radial tree growth in different regions to understand growth patterns and to enhance forest management and protection with climate change. We constructed tree ring width chronologies of Picea crassifolia from different regions of the Qilian Mountains of northwest China. We used Pearson correlation and moving correlation to analyze the main climate factors limiting radial growth of trees and the temporal stability of the growth–climate relationship, while spatial correlation is the result of further testing the first two terms in space. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Radial growth had different trends, showing an increasing followed by a decreasing trend in the central region, a continuously increasing trend in the eastern region, and a gradually decreasing trend in the isolated mountain. (2) Radial tree growth in the central region and isolated mountains was constrained by drought stress, and tree growth in the central region was significantly negatively correlated with growing season temperature. Isolated mountains showed a significant negative correlation with mean minimum of growing season and a significant positive correlation with total precipitation. (3) Temporal dynamic responses of radial growth in the central region to the temperatures and SPEI (the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index) in the growing season were unstable, the isolated mountains to total precipitation was unstable, and that to SPEI was stable. The results of this study suggest that scientific management and maintenance plans of the forest ecosystem should be developed according to the response and growth patterns of the Qinghai spruce to climate change in different regions of the Qilian Mountains.

Red spruce seedling gas exchange in response to elevated CO2, water stress, and soil fertility treatments

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Samuelson ◽  
J.R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growing Seasons

The interactive influences of ambient (374 μL•L−1) or elevated (713 μL•L−1) CO2, low or high soil fertility, well-watered or water-stressed treatment, and rooting volume on gas exchange and growth were examined in red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) grown from seed through two growing seasons. Leaf gas exchange throughout two growing seasons and growth after two growing seasons in response to elevated CO2 were independent of soil fertility and water-stress treatments, and rooting volume. During the first growing season, no reduction in leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in elevated CO2 compared with seedlings grown in ambient CO2 was observed when measured at the same CO2 concentration. During the second growing season, net photosynthesis was up to 21% lower for elevated CO2-grown seedlings than for ambient CO2-grown seedlings when measured at 358 μL•L−1. Thus, photosynthetic acclimation to growth in elevated CO2 occurred gradually and was not a function of root-sink strength or soil-fertility treatment. However, net photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an elevated CO2 concentration was still over 2 times greater than the photosynthesis of seedlings grown and measured at an ambient CO2 concentration. Growth enhancement by CO2 was maintained, since seedlings grown in elevated CO2 were 40% larger in both size and weight after two growing seasons.

Comparison of growth and physiology of layers and naturally established seedlings of black spruce in a boreal cutover in Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Paquin ◽  
Hank A Margolis ◽  
René Doucet ◽  
Marie R Coyea
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Growth and physiology of layers versus naturally established seedlings of boreal black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) were compared 15 years after a cutover in Quebec. During the first 8 years, height growth of seedlings was greater than that of layers, averaging 10.4 and 7.0 cm/year, respectively. For the last 5 years, annual height growth of layers and seedlings did not differ (25 cm/year; p > 0.05). Over the entire 15-year period, total height growth of seedlings (251 cm) was greater than that of layers (220 cm), although total height did not differ (p > 0.05) over the last 6 years. During the 15th growing season, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for predawn shoot water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, intercellular to ambient CO2 ratio, water use efficiency, and hydraulic conductance between layers and seedlings. For diurnal shoot water potential, seedlings showed slightly less stress than layers on two of the four sampling dates. Thus, in the first few years following the cutover, the slower growth observed for layers indicated that they had a longer acclimation period following the cutover. Afterwards, similar height growth, total height, and physiological characteristics of the two regeneration types indicated that layers can perform as well as naturally established seedlings.

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