Growth and ectomycorrhizal formation of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated with Laccariabicolor under four levels of nitrogen fertilization

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1953-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C.G. Langlois ◽  
D. Bouchard ◽  
F. Le Tacon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
N Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Substrate Fertility ◽  
Mycelial Suspension

Container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with a Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton mycelial suspension produced in a fermentor. They were grown in a peat moss–vermiculite substrate under four levels of N fertilization (7.2, 14.4, 21.6, and 28.7 mg/seedling per season (N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively)) to determine the N level suitable for both ectomycorrhizal development and seedling growth. After 18 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had 44%, 32%, 44%, and 5% of their short roots mycorrhizal when fertilized with N1, N2, N3, and N4, respectively. Only when they were fertilized with N4 did the L. bicolor seedlings have significantly greater shoot height than the controls. For the other growth parameters, they were not significantly different from control seedlings for any of the N levels. After 18 weeks, regardless of the level of N, seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor had significantly lower N concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than the uninoculated ones. Consequently, for the same production of biomass, the mycorrhizal seedlings had taken up less N than the nonmycorrhizal ones. The efficiency of applied N, expressed in terms of produced biomass, decreased when the N fertilization increased; mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings did not tend to be different. The efficiency of the absorbed N also decreased with the level of applied N, but less rapidly, and tended to be greater for the mycorrhizal seedlings than for the nonmycorrhizal ones. Therefore, the mycorrhizal infection improved the utilization of the absorbed N. N3 was the best of the four N levels used, since it was the only one that maximized both the ectomycorrhizal formation and the growth of the seedlings. In other words, a total seedling N concentration of 1.6% and a substrate fertility of 52 ppm N are appropriate to optimize both the ectomycorrhizal development and the growth of Douglas-fir seedlings.

Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of container-grown red oak seedlings as a function of nitrogen fertilization and inoculum type of Laccariabicolor

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 966-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. Garbaye
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
N Level ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Mycelial Suspension ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Containerized red oak (Quercusrubra L.) seedlings were inoculated at the time of sowing with Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton using two methods to compare the efficiency of two inoculum types: a mycelial suspension (Ecot-Sol®101) produced by Rhizotec Laboratories Inc. and calcium alginate beads containing this mycelial suspension. Red oak seedlings were also grown for 19 weeks in a peat moss – vermiculite substrate under three levels of N fertilization (100, 120, and 140 mg/seedling per season) to determine the N level that maximizes the ectomycorrhizae formation and growth of seedlings. After 19 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly more mycorrhizae than both those inoculated with beads and controls, regardless of the N level. For any of the N levels, liquid-inoculated seedlings had significantly lower shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry weights (shoot, root, and total) than both those inoculated with beads and the controls, whereas there were no significant differences for any growth parameters between the bead and control treatments. For the three inoculum treatments, root and total dry weights of seedlings fertilized with 100 mg N were significantly lower than those of seedlings that received both 120 and 140 mg N, whereas shoot height, root-collar diameter, and shoot:root ratio of seedlings did not differ significantly between any of the three N levels. After 19 weeks, seedlings inoculated with liquid inoculum had significantly greater N and P concentrations (%) and contents (mg/seedling) than those inoculated with beads only at the 140 mg N level. Analyses show that seedling concentrations of 1.2% N and 0.1% P and substrate fertility of 25 ppm N and 30 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Q. rubra – L. bicolor.

L'utilisation du compost de boues de stations d'épuration des eaux comme substrat de culture pour la production des plants forestiers en récipients

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
Patrick Polan ◽  
Jean Gagnon ◽  
J. Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Collar Diameter

The Quebec government has established a program to treat industrial and domestic wastewaters. However, this program does make it necessary to dispose of large quantities of sludge. This sludge can be burned or landfilled but such solutions do not properly draw benefit from the sludge's potential as a fertilizer. There is a considerable interest in composting of the sludge. In this study, compost from the composting plant in Plattsburgh was mixed with the growing substrate normally used for the production of containerized jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings to determine if the compost could be used for the production in containers of forest seedlings. The growth of containerized seedlings produced with proportions by volume of 80% peat moss and 20% vermiculite was compared to the growth of seedlings when the peat moss (80%) was replaced by different proportions of compost (20, 40, 60, and 80%). After one growing season in tunnel, the best growth rates in terms of shoot height, root-collar diameter, and dry biomass were obtained with the control, followed in decreasing order by the treatments compost 20, 40, 60, and 80%. In this experiment, the use of compost from wastewater treatment plants reduced significantly the growth of jack pine and this can be explained mainly by the lack of nitrogen in the tissues of jack pine seedlings. However, the adjustment of nitrogen fertilization and conditions of cultivation by using compost may permit the production of containerized seedlings having the same dimensions as the controls. The seedling growth parameters when 20% compost was incorporated in the substrate were nearly the same as the control seedling. Key words: sludge, recycling, compost, substrate, container, forest seedlings, jack pine.

Growth and ectomycorrhiza formation of containerized black spruce seedlings as affected by nitrogen fertilization, Inoculum type, and symbiont

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gagnon ◽  
C. G. Langlois ◽  
J. A. Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Available N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Substrate Fertility ◽  
Inoculum Type

Piceamariana (Mill.)B.S.P. seedlings were grown in containers under three levels of nitrogen fertilization (6, 8.5, and 15 mg/seedling per season). Seedlings were inoculated at sowing with Laccariabicolor and Hebelomacylindrosporum, using two methods: mycelial suspension liquid inoculum and peat–vermiculite solid inoculum. Results show that liquid inoculum was as effective as solid inoculum for development of Laccariabicolor ectomycorrhizae on black spruce seedlings. After 20 weeks in the greenhouse, seedlings fertilized with 8.5 mg N and inoculated with L. bicolor had the highest percentage of ectomycorrhizal short roots for both inoculum types, with 59 and 53% for liquid and solid inocula, respectively. These L. bicolor seedlings had significantly more ectomycorrhizae with 8.5 mg N than with 15 mg N. Very few ectomycorrhizae were obtained with Hebelomacylindrosporum for any of the nitrogen levels or either of the inoculum types. There were no significant differences for any growth parameters except shoot/root ratio between L. bicolor seedlings and the controls, regardless of the N level and inoculum type. For both inoculum types, only shoot height of seedlings differed significantly among the three N levels. Seedlings fertilized with 8.5 mg N had root-collar diameter and dry weights that were not significantly less than those that received 15 mg N for both inoculum types. It is only at the lower level of 6 mg N that seedlings inoculated with liquid L. bicolor inoculum absorbed significantly more N than the controls. Analysis of percent N and P concentration in seedlings with the greatest ectomycorrhizal development and analysis of available N and P in their substrate indicated that tissue concentrations of 1.9% N and 0.2% P and substrate fertility of 40 ppm N and 50 ppm P would be appropriate to maintain the ectomycorrhizal association Piceamariana–Laccariabicolor. Salinity in the substrate of control seedlings was generally significantly different between the three N levels during the growing period.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

Assessing the impact of N-fertilization on biochemical composition and biomass of a Douglas-fir canopy—A remote sensing approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hilker ◽  
Lucie Lepine ◽  
Nicholas C. Coops ◽  
Rachhpal S. Jassal ◽  
T. Andrew Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Molecular Role of Nitric Oxide in Secondary Products Production in Ginkgo biloba Cell Suspension Culture

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Saad EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Osama K. AHMED ◽  
Adel E. HEGAZY
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Defense Enzymes ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; nitric oxide donor) treatment on the enhancement of secondary metabolites production, oxidative stress mediators (O2-.) accumulation and antioxidant defense enzymes of Ginkgo biloba callus culture was investigated. On one hand, the obtained data showed a highly metabolic modification of chemical constituents, PAL activity and various antioxidant defense enzymes (APX, SOD), which gradually increased in response to SNP treatments. On the other hands the high NO levels significantly increased the accumulation of various oxidative burst of O2-.. MS basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolase (500 mg/L), NAA and BA at equal concentration (0.5 mg/L) recorded the highest number of regenerated shoots (4.81 cm) and shoot height (4.96 cm) as well as root number (2.25 cm) and root length (4.5 cm). The highest survival (40 %) was shown in acclimatization on the mixture containing sand, peat moss and vermiculite (1: 1: 1, v/v/v), which significantly confirmed and reflected the variation in survival percentage. Meanwhile, higher treatment (500 μM) of NO positively enhanced secondary products accumulation of total tannins, saponins, phenols and total flavonoids in G. biloba callus culture.

scholarly journals Nitrate in Runoff Water from Container Grown Juniper and Alberta Spruce Under Different Irrigation and N Fertilization Regimes

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Rathier ◽  
Charles R. Frink
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Water Volumes

Abstract Juniperus horizontalis Moench ‘Plumosa Compacta Youngstown’ (compact Andorra juniper) and Picea glauca Moench (Voss) ‘Conica’ (dwarf Alberta spruce) were grown for one season in 2.2 1 (#1) nursery containers in a potting medium containing composted hardwood bark, sphagnum peat moss and sand (1:1:1 by vol). The containers were placed over lysimeters permitting continuous collection and measurement of water passing through and around the containers. Slow release or soluble N was applied at an annual rate of 1.6 g of N per pot. Containers were irrigated by either trickle or overhead methods and water volumes were recorded. Subsamples of leachate were collected and analyzed for nitrate. Much less nitrate was leached by the trickle than by the overhead irrigation. Although slow release N sources lost considerably less nitrate in runoff water, there is still sufficient nitrate lost by these sources to pollute ground water unless annual fertilizer needs are supplied by split applications. Depending on sources, 58–80% of the N applied as slow release fertilizers was not recovered in either the plant or runoff water.

The control of adventitious root production in tissue-cultured Douglas-fir

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1322-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Mohammed ◽  
K. R. Patel ◽  
W. E. Vidaver
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
The Mean

Rooting percentage and root number in tissue-cultured Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were influenced by the rooting substrate, the concentration of sucrose and boron in the rooting medium, shoot height, and shoot generation. Peat–perlite was a better substrate than agar, producing 70% compared with 0% rooted shoots, respectively. On peat–perlite, cell divisions were organized and were associated with tracheid nests, whereas on agar proliferation was unorganized and not restricted to the nests. A sucrose concentration of 4% was optimal for the production of nodular or rooted shoots. At 4% sucrose and 3 mg •L−1 boric acid, 100% of the shoots rooted, and the mean root number was 11. Rooting percentage and root number were significantly higher with shoots that were 3 cm tall than 2 or 1 cm tall shoots. Finally, it was found that shoot responses were more rapid in third and fourth generation shoots than in second generation shoots. At least 80% were rooted or nodular after 4 weeks, compared with only 36% from the second generation.

scholarly journals Effect of salicylic acid on pre-transplant acclimatization of native tomato populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Wilberth A Poot-Poot ◽  
Rafael Delgado-Martínez ◽  
Sergio Castro-Nava ◽  
Ma Teresa Segura-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Carreón-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Recorded Data

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) application on pre-transplant acclimatization of native populations of tomato. SA is a growth regulator that modifies plant growth and development by inducing changes in cell processes, physiology and morphology. Five populations of native tomato were sown in polystyrene trays. Peat moss was used as substrate and plants were maintained at field capacity continuously. After emergence, seedlings were applied during three weeks with different concentration of SA (0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM). A completely random experimental design was used with five replications per treatment. The growth parameters evaluated were height, stem diameter, number of leaves, hypocotyl length, shoot fresh and dry weight (leaves and stem), and root length and fresh and dry weight. An analysis of variance was carried out, and means were compared with the Tukey test (5%) using SAS statistical software. The recorded data show that pre-transplant seedlings of each of the evaluated populations responded significantly (P=0.01) to the SA treatments. Also, the comparison of means of each of the factors under study showed positive changes. With the concentrations of 0.5 and 0.1 μM SA, higher values of the studied variables were obtained than with the concentrations 0.01 and 1.0 μM SA. The native tomato populations sprayed with SA at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.1 μM responded positively in terms of seedling growth and development. Based on these findings, SA treatments can help acclimatize and present better growth conditions to the seedlings before being transplanted.

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