Emerging concepts in cardiac matrix biologyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 996-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Espira ◽  
Michael P. Czubryt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
And Behavior

The cardiac extracellular matrix, far from being merely a static support structure for the heart, is now recognized to play central roles in cardiac development, morphology, and cell signaling. Recent studies have better shaped our understanding of the tremendous complexity of this active and dynamic network. By activating intracellular signal cascades, the matrix transduces myocardial physical forces into responses by myocytes and fibroblasts, affecting their function and behavior. In turn, cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes play active roles in remodeling the matrix. Coupled with the ability of the matrix to act as a dynamic reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, this interplay between the support structure and embedded cells has the potential to exert dramatic effects on cardiac structure and function. One of the clearest examples of this occurs when cell–matrix interactions are altered inappropriately, contributing to pathological fibrosis and heart failure. This review will examine some of the recent concepts that have emerged regarding exactly how the cardiac matrix mediates these effects, how our collective vision of the matrix has changed as a result, and the current state of attempts to pharmacologically treat fibrosis.

Variants of integrin β4 subunit in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells: mediators of ECM-induced differentiation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Strunck ◽  
Gunter Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Integrin Β4 ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

The influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) on expression and function of integrins in carcinogenesis and differentiation is not well understood, but the importance of altered adhesion features for tumor development and progression is obvious. Integrins as versatile molecules are mainly responsible for mediating cell–matrix interactions and transmembrane signal transduction. They are capable of transducing outside-in signals from ECM components or conversely to organize the matrix by inside-out signaling. In the study presented here, we report that the reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel™, which induces morphological and functional differentiation of the endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line HEC 1B(L), also regulates the expression of various forms of the integrin β4 subunit. Furthermore, we were able to identify full-length isoforms with and without an altered cytoplasmic domain as well as truncated forms. Our findings suggest a regulatory role of integrin β4 isoforms and fragments in the process of in vitro differentiation of HEC 1B(L).Key words: endometrium, tumor cells, differentiation, extracellular matrix, β4-integrin expression.

Recent Advances in Biohybrid Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1640001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wan ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Shenqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Surface ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Biohybrid materials play an important role in tissue engineering, artificial organs and regenerative medicine due to their regulation of cell function through specific cell–matrix interactions involving integrins, mostly those of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and ligands on the matrix surface, which have become current research focus. In this paper, recent progress of biohybrid materials, mainly including main types of biohybrid materials, rapid prototype (RP) technique for construction of 3D biohybrid materials, was reviewed in detail; moreover, their applications in tissue engineering, artificial organs and regenerative medicine were also reviewed in detail. At last, we address the challenges biohybrid materials may face.

Molecular regulation of cellular invasion— role of gelatinase A and TIMP-2

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita E. Yu ◽  
Robert E. Hewitt ◽  
David E. Kleiner ◽  
William G. Stetler-Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Gelatinase A ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover is an event that is tightly regulated. Much of the coordinate (physiological) or discoordinate (pathological) degradation of the ECM is catalyzed by a class of proteases known as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or matrixins. Matrixins are a family of homologous Zn atom dependent endopeptidases that are usually secreted from cells as inactive zymogens. Net degradative activity in the extracellular environment is regulated by specific activators and inhibitors. One member of the matrixin family, gelatinase A, is regulated differently from other MMPs, suggesting that it may play a unique role in cell–matrix interactions, including cell invasion. The conversion from the 72 kDa progelatinase A to the active 62 kDa species may be a key event in the acquisition of invasive potential. This discussion reviews some recent findings on the cellular mechanisms involved in progelatinase A activation and, in particular, the role of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and transmembrane containing metalloproteinases (MT-MMP) in this process.Key words: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, metalloproteinase, gelatinases, extracellular matrix, activation.

scholarly journals α-catenin facilitates mechanosensing and rigidity-dependent growth by linking integrin adhesions to F-actin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mukherjee ◽  
Elisabeth Nadjar-Boger ◽  
Michael P. Sheetz ◽  
Haguy Wolfenson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Edge ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cell Adhesions ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractThe physical interactions of cells with their external environment are critical for their survival and function. These interactions are altered upon epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as cells switch from relying primarily on cell-cell adhesions to relying on cell-matrix adhesions. Mechanical signals are central to regulating these two types of interactions, but the crosstalk and the mechanobiological processes that mediate the transition between them are poorly understood. Here we show that α-catenin, a mechanosensitive protein that regulates cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions, directly interacts with integrin adhesions and regulates their growth as well as their transmission of mechanical forces into the matrix. In mesenchymal cells, α-catenin is recruited to the cell edge where it interacts with actin in regions devoid of α-actinin. As actin and α-catenin flow from the cell edge toward the center, α-catenin interacts with vinculin within integrin adhesions to mediate adhesion maturation, enhance force transmission, and drive the proper assembly of actin stress fibers. Importantly, in the absence of α-catenin–vinculin interactions, cell adhesion to the matrix is impaired, and the cells display aberrant responses to matrix rigidity which is manifested in rigidity-independent growth. These results provide a novel understanding of α-catenin as having a dual-role in mechanosensing by both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions.

scholarly journals Cell–Matrix Entanglement and Mechanical Anchorage of Fibroblasts in Three-dimensional Collagen Matrices

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 5070-5076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Jiang ◽  
Frederick Grinnell
Keyword(s):  
Tight Binding ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
3D Collagen ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Fibroblast-3D collagen matrix culture provides a physiologically relevant model to study cell–matrix interactions. In tissues, fibroblasts are phagocytic cells, and in culture, they have been shown to ingest both fibronectin and collagen-coated latex particles. Compared with cells on collagen-coated coverslips, phagocytosis of fibronectin-coated beads by fibroblasts in collagen matrices was found to be reduced. This decrease could not be explained by integrin reorganization, tight binding of fibronectin beads to the collagen matrix, or differences in overall bead binding to the cells. Rather, entanglement of cellular dendritic extensions with collagen fibrils seemed to interfere with the ability of the extensions to interact with the beads. Moreover, once these extensions became entangled in the matrix, cells developed an integrin-independent component of adhesion. We suggest that cell–matrix entanglement represents a novel mechanism of cell anchorage that uniquely depends on the three-dimensional character of the matrix.

Lack of ADAM15 in mice is associated with increased osteoblast function and bone mass

2011 ◽  
Vol 392 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Marzia ◽  
Victor Guaiquil ◽  
William C. Horne ◽  
Carl P. Blobel ◽  
Roland Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

Abstract The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) contribute to various biological functions including the development of tissues by taking part in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. We previously found that ADAM15 is prominently expressed in osteoblasts and to a lesser extent in osteoclasts. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible function of ADAM15 in bone. Adult ADAM15-/- mice displayed an increase in bone volume and thickness with an increase in the number and activity of osteoblasts, whereas osteoclasts were apparently unaffected. We found an increase in proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and nodule deposition, and mineralization in cultures of ADAM15-/- osteoblasts compared to wild-type osteoblasts. We also observed an increase in β-catenin immunoreactivity in the nucleus of ADAM15-/- osteoblasts compared to wild-type, whereas β-catenin in the membrane/cytoplasm compartment appeared to undergo increased degradation. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and c-Jun, known downstream targets of β-catenin and effectors of cell activation, were found up-regulated in absence of ADAM15. This study indicates that ADAM15 is required for normal skeletal homeostasis and that its absence causes increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin in osteoblasts leading to increased osteoblast proliferation and function, which results in higher trabecular and cortical bone mass.

scholarly journals Regenerative properties of human extraembryonal organs in tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
L I Kalyuzhnaya ◽  
O N Kharkevich ◽  
A A Schmidt ◽  
O V Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions

The characteristics of the umbilical cord extracellular matrix are discussed relatively of their potential use for tissue engineering. The purpose of this review is to assess the current knowledge about using of homologous biomaterials with regenerative properties to create bioengineered structures. One of the most important components of tissue engineering - matrix (scaffold), resident cells can migrate, attach to it and function. Due to their structure, matrices should be easily integrated into the patient’s tissue and provide conditions for cell growth and differentiation. The cells that populate the matrix in the bioreactor before the transplantation of this construction, or resident cells recruited into the transplanted extracellular matrix), and cell- matrix interactions are absolutely necessary components of tissue engineering. Available commercial bioengineering products made from mammalian tissues have certain advantages and significant disadvantages due to the risks of immunological reactions and transmission of infectious agents. The transplantation of products from xenogenic materials is prohibited by law in the Russian Federation. The donor material is limited, receipt of human cadaver material requires a long period of legal registration, which has a detrimental effect on the biomaterial. Therefore, finding a suitable homologous biomaterial is ongoing. Due to the peculiarities of the embryonic phenotype, extraembryonic tissues have special biological properties, one of which is the scarless healing of wounds. Low immunogenicity, optimal mechanical properties of extracellular matrix, presence of cell adhesion molecules and growth factors promoting regeneration provide anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti- scarring properties for tissue engineering structures from umbilical cord and amniotic membrane. Umbilical cord and amnion due to the availability and non-invasiveness of obtaining from healthy young donors are an excellent source of homologous biomaterial for extracting matrices, cells and hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals A new microfluidic method enabling the generation of multi-layered tissues-on-chips using skin cells as a proof of concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Valencia ◽  
V. Canalejas-Tejero ◽  
M. Clemente ◽  
I. Fernaud ◽  
M. Holgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Stromal Component ◽  
Lower Chamber ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
Tissue Models ◽  
First Time

AbstractMicrofluidic-based tissues-on-chips (TOCs) have thus far been restricted to modelling simple epithelia as a single cell layer, but likely due to technical difficulties, no TOCs have been reported to include both an epithelial and a stromal component despite the biological importance of the stroma for the structure and function of human tissues. We present, for the first time, a novel approach to generate 3D multilayer tissue models in microfluidic platforms. As a proof of concept, we modelled skin, including a dermal and an epidermal compartment. To accomplish this, we developed a parallel flow method enabling the deposition of bilayer tissue in the upper chamber, which was subsequently maintained under dynamic nutrient flow conditions through the lower chamber, mimicking the function of a blood vessel. We also designed and built an inexpensive, easy-to-implement, versatile, and robust vinyl-based device that overcomes some of the drawbacks present in PDMS-based chips. Preliminary tests indicate that this biochip will allow the development and maintenance of multilayer tissues, which opens the possibility of better modelling of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions that exist in and between the epithelium and mesenchyme, allowing for better-grounded tissue modelling and drug screening.

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