THE CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES IN NORMAL HUMAN SALIVA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hildes ◽  
Marion H. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Appreciable Variation ◽  
Secretion Rates

Parotid saliva was collected into graduated tubes by fitting small cups over the parotid papillae. The sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate concentrations and the pH of parotid saliva increased with increasing rates of secretion, but the potassium and phosphate concentrations remained constant at secretion rates greater than 0.5 ml. per minute. Although the latter two ions were always at concentrations higher than serum levels, the parotid juice was always hypotonic but decreasingly so as the rate of flow increased. There was appreciable variation between individuals and also in the same subject from time to time. No difference was noted between the two gustatory stimuli used, dilute acetic acid and glucose candy. The potassium concentration in parotid saliva was higher than in mixed submaxillary and sublingual saliva. Continuous recording of the rate of secretion on a smoked drum showed cyclic variations from minute to minute, indicating that timed collections over a period of minutes give mean rather than actual rates of flow.

THE CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES IN NORMAL HUMAN SALIVA

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Hildes ◽  
Marion H. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Appreciable Variation ◽  
Secretion Rates

Parotid saliva was collected into graduated tubes by fitting small cups over the parotid papillae. The sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate concentrations and the pH of parotid saliva increased with increasing rates of secretion, but the potassium and phosphate concentrations remained constant at secretion rates greater than 0.5 ml. per minute. Although the latter two ions were always at concentrations higher than serum levels, the parotid juice was always hypotonic but decreasingly so as the rate of flow increased. There was appreciable variation between individuals and also in the same subject from time to time. No difference was noted between the two gustatory stimuli used, dilute acetic acid and glucose candy. The potassium concentration in parotid saliva was higher than in mixed submaxillary and sublingual saliva. Continuous recording of the rate of secretion on a smoked drum showed cyclic variations from minute to minute, indicating that timed collections over a period of minutes give mean rather than actual rates of flow.

X-Ray Spectrometry in the Clinical Laboratory

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Natelson ◽  
Bertrum Sheid ◽  
Donald R Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Calculated Amount

Abstract A procedure is described for estimating the bromide content of human serum from individuals not receiving bromide medication. In the procedure, the serum is ashed and dissolved in hydrochloric acid. The solution is dehydrated with the calculated amount of acetic anhydride and the precipitated sodium chloride is washed with additional glacial acetic acid to remove the bromides. The sodium chloride is removed by centrifugation and the bromides recovered by evaporation of the acetic acid. The residue is dissolved in methanol and transferred to filter paper for assay in the X-ray spectrometer. The procedure, with the omission of ashing, is applicable to sea water. When it was applied to sea water, strontium as well as bromide could be visualized on the recorder of the instrument and assayed. Normal human serum was found to contain a mean level of 252 µg. bromide per 100ml., with a range (2σ) of ± 42 µg./100 ml.

Accelerated ripening of Dhakki dates by artificial means: ripening by acetic acid and sodium chloride

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzada A. Saleem ◽  
Ahmad K. Baloch ◽  
Musa Kaleem Baloch ◽  
Waqar A. Baloch ◽  
Abdul Ghaffoor
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Accelerated Ripening

Taste sensitivity in various strains of mice

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Hoshishima ◽  
Sadasuke Yokoyama ◽  
Katsuo Seto
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Taste Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Taste Thresholds

The present study was designed to elucidate the differences in taste sensitivity in various strains of mice, and to study the relationship between taste sensitivity and color of the fur. Taste thresholds for four kinds of taste substance, i.e., sodium chloride, saccharine, acetic acid, and phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), were measured with three black and three white strains of mice. Taste sensitivity in mice with hypofunction of the suprarenal body, thyroid gland, and liver was also studied to clarify the bearing of the functions of those organs on the sense of taste. The taste sensitivity of mice differed according to strain. A white strain (aa) showed the lowest taste thresholds for all substances tested, whereas a black strain (0–61) showed the highest. Other strains showed intermediate thresholds, the white strains showing lower ones except in the case of saccharine. Hypofunction of the suprarenal body, thyroid gland, and liver caused a rise in the taste thresholds: a) after cauterization of the suprarenal body, the threshold for acetic acid was raised, whereas those for other taste substances were unchanged; b) reduction of thyroid and hepatic functions resulted in a rise of the taste thresholds for saccharine, acetic acid, and PTC.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by normal human saliva.

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mellersh ◽  
A Clark ◽  
S Hafiz
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Normal Human

Acute effect of ACTH, aldosterone, sodium and potassium on parotid secretion

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Langley ◽  
W. A. Beall ◽  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The intravenous administration of 20 u of ACTH in a single injection alters the flow and composition of parotid saliva in the dog. The flow was increased 44%, sodium concentration 75% and the potassium concentration decreased 19%. These alterations do not occur in the adrenalectomized dog. Aldosterone increased the sodium concentration only 20%, decreased the potassium level 6.3% and had an insignificant influence on flow. The intravenous infusion of sodium decreases parotid flow whereas potassium increases it. It is concluded that these alterations represent a direct influence of the electrolytes on the gland since adrenalectomy has no influence on this response. It is suggested that parotid function is changed by the infusion of these electrolytes due to the alteration of the intra-extracellular gradients. The adrenal steroids may have a similar effect.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ocotillol, the Derivate of Ocotillol-Type Saponins in Panax Genus, against Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats Based on Untargeted Metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuizhu Wang ◽  
Yuze Yuan ◽  
He Pan ◽  
Alan Chen-Yu Hsu ◽  
Jinluan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gastroprotective Effect ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Gastric ulcer (GU), a prevalent digestive disease, has a high incidence and is seriously harmful to human health. Finding a natural drug with a gastroprotective effect is needed. Ocotillol, the derivate of ocotillol-type saponins in the Panax genus, possesses good anti-inflammatory activity. The study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of ocotillol on acetic acid-induced GU rats. The serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), the gastric mucosa levels of epidermal growth factor, superoxide dismutase and NO were assessed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of gastric mucosa for pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining of ET-1, epidermal growth factor receptors and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated. A UPLC-QTOF-MS-based serum metabolomics approach was applied to explore the latent mechanism. A total of 21 potential metabolites involved in 7 metabolic pathways were identified. The study helps us to understand the pathogenesis of GU and to provide a potential natural anti-ulcer agent.

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