Effects of aldosterone on blood pressure and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of heart muscle

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Liew ◽  
A. G. Gornall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

A study was made of the effects of aldosterone on the activity of heart muscle glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in relation to the pathogenesis of experimental hypertension. In a 17-day experiment, with rats given daily 1-μg doses of aldosterone/100 g body weight, no change in systolic pressure occurred and the specific activity (s.a.) of heart muscle G6PDH declined. Rats receiving daily 100 μg of aldosterone, or 500 μg of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) per 100 g body weight, showed a significant elevation of systolic pressure by the 17th day. This effect was accompanied by increases in the s.a. of heart muscle G6PDH, apparently preceding the development of hypertension. Evidence for a homeostatic role for aldosterone was revealed by the ability of low doses to prevent a decline in s.a. of cardiac G6PDH during fasting, and to reverse the increase produced by DOCA.

Renal–adrenal interrelationships in experimental hypertension

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ostrovsky ◽  
F. R. Papsin ◽  
A. G. Gornall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Hypertrophy ◽  
High Salt Intake

For several weeks after partial constriction of one renal artery, the fate of this "clipped" kidney seems to exert a determining influence on blood pressure. Rats that remained hypertensive throughout the experiment almost invariably had clipped kidneys averaging 0.16 to 0.22% of body weight. Below 0.1%, this kidney was usually quite atrophic, and its presence was consistent with falling or normal blood pressure. The untouched kidney in such rats was, on the average, heavier in the hypertensive than in the normotensive animals. Since the latter also had less renal tissue on the clipped side, it appears that factors leading to high blood pressure stimulated hypertrophy beyond the level provoked by renoprival factors. In rats on a high salt intake, 5 μg/day of D-aldosterone for 3 months stimulated significant true renal hypertrophy in the absence of a rise in blood pressure. Such hypertrophy was more pronounced in similar rats that had been getting 250 μg DOCA/day for 3 months but were also normotensive. Rats that developed hypertension on this latter regimen had still heavier kidneys. Renal hypertrophy appears to be a prehypertensive phenomenon which persists and can become even more pronounced in hypertension. The highest levels of renal hypertrophy were usually associated with significant adrenal hypertrophy. Endocrine functions may be involved in renal hypertrophy. This concept is discussed in relation to a phospholipid "renin inhibitor" recently isolated from dog and hog kidneys.

Critical opening pressure and reactivity of tail vessels in conscious hypertensive rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
A. C. Darke ◽  
P. G. Nair ◽  
P. Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Opening Pressure ◽  
Critical Opening ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

The possible role of increased vascular reactivity in the mechanism of experimental hypertension was studied by measurements of the critical opening pressure (COP) of tail vessels in conscious rats. In hypertension induced by administration of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and replacement of the drinking water by 1% NaCl solution (DOCA–NaCl hypertension), and in one-kidney Goldblatt renovascular hypertension, the raised level of blood pressure was associated with an increased COP of the tail vessels when measured both before and after ganglionic blockade. In rats treated with either DOCA alone or 1% NaCl alone there was no significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) or COP relative to the corresponding controls. In all four experimental series intravenous infusion of angiotensin or norepinephrine in conscious ganglion-blocked rats produced dose-dependent increases in SBP and COP. In DOCA–NaCl hypertensive rats but not in renovascular hypertensives, nor in rats treated with DOCA alone or 1% NaCl alone, the increase in COP for a given increment in dose of angiotensin or norepinephrine was significantly greater than in the control rats. It is concluded that in DOCA–NaCl hypertension there is a true increase in the reactivity of the smooth muscle of the resistance vessels to angiotensin and norepinephrine. In renovascular hypertension this is not the case and other factors must therefore be involved in causing the increased blood pressure and COP.

Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Díaz-Flores ◽  
Miguel Cruz ◽  
Genoveva Duran-Reyes ◽  
Catarina Munguia-Miranda ◽  
Hilda Loza-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Reactive oxygen species derived from abdominal fat and uncontrolled glucose metabolism are contributing factors to both oxidative stress and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of daily administration of an oral glycine supplement on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in MetS patients. The study included 60 volunteers: 30 individuals that were supplemented with glycine (15 g/day) and 30 that were given a placebo for 3 months. We analysed thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma; the enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes; and the expression of CAT, GPX, and SOD2 in leukocytes. Individuals treated with glycine showed a 25% decrease in TBARS compared with the placebo-treated group. Furthermore, there was a 20% reduction in SOD-specific activity in the glycine-treated group, which correlated with SOD2 expression. G6PD activity and SNO-Hb levels increased in the glycine-treated male group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a significant decrease in the glycine-treated men (p = 0.043). Glycine plays an important role in balancing the redox reactions in the human body, thus protecting against oxidative damage in MetS patients.

Antihypertensive actions of angiotensin-(1-7) in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. H313-H319 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Benter ◽  
C. M. Ferrario ◽  
M. Morris ◽  
D. I. Diz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin

Observations that angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] may oppose the vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II (ANG II) prompted an investigation of the effects of the heptapeptide on the maintenance of elevated blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ANG-(1-7) (24 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) was infused into the jugular vein of 13-wk-old SHR (n = 64), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, n = 50), and Sprague-Dawley (SD, n = 18) rats for 2 wk, with the use of osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance, plasma vasopressin, and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were measured at days 2, 7, and 12 of the infusion. In SHR, ANG-(1-7) caused a sustained and significant reduction in plasma vasopressin concentration that was associated with an increase in urinary prostaglandin E2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion at day 2 after the commencement of the infusion. These changes were accompanied by diuresis and natriuresis during the first 3 days of infusion in SHR but not in WKY or SD rats. Direct measurements of arterial pressure confirmed the lowering effect of ANG-(1-7) on systolic pressure of SHR on day 2 of treatment with a restoration of the pressure by days 7 and 12. These findings, along with our previous demonstration that ANG-(1-7) is an active depressor peptide in the intact animal, suggest that ANG-(1-7) may play a significant role as a vasodepressor system opposing the hemodynamic actions of ANG II in this genetic form of experimental hypertension.

Effects of aldosterone on the incorporation of 32P into the nucleotides of heart muscle

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
C. C. Liew ◽  
A. G. Gornall
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Heart Homogenate ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

A subcutaneous injection of aldosterone into normal rats (2 μg/100 g body weight) increased the incorporation of inorganic phosphate (32P) during 1 h into the ADP, ATP, and RNA fractions of heart muscle. Similar effects were noted using adrenalectomized rats. Neither hydrocortisone (150 μg/100 g body weight) nor desoxycorticosterone acetate (250 μg/100 g body weight) showed this effect in normal rats.An aldosterone effect was also observed in vitro using 2 ng (5.6 × 10−9 M) per milliliter of centrifuged rat heart homogenate. In the absence of exogenous substrate, there was an increased incorporation of 32P into the ATP fraction but not into the RNA fraction. In the presence of pyruvate the radioactivity of both ATP and RNA was enhanced by aldosterone during a 1-h incubation. It is suggested that the action of aldosterone on energy metabolism in heart muscle precedes RNA synthesis.

scholarly journals Safety of Graded-doses of Histidine in Healthy Adults (P08-062-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gheller ◽  
Erica Bender ◽  
Anna Thalacker-Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives Histidine is an essential amino acid found in the diet through protein-rich foods. Previous research demonstrated benefits of histidine due to anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and glucoregulatory properties. To date, histidine requirement for adults has not be established; current expert opinion for histidine is 8 and 12 mg/(kg body weight × day), an estimate that was extrapolated from the infant requirement for histidine. Further, the clinical safety of histidine supplementation above the average dietary intake has not been determined. Objective: To determine the safety of graded-doses of histidine in a healthy adult population. Methods Our preliminary study includes 30 adults (n = 12 males and n = 18 females, aged 21–50 y). Following the completion and review of a health history questionnaire, vitals, and a biochemical panel, participants were deemed healthy and able to participate. After baseline measures were obtained, participants consumed encapsulated histidine pills daily for four weeks followed by a three-week washout period between each dose. Participants consumed one of three doses (4 g, 8 g, and 12 g) of histidine during each of the four-week supplement periods. A complete biochemical panel was run at baseline, week 2 and 4 of supplement, as well as washout. Anthropometric, body composition, sleep patterns, dietary intake, and urine samples were also collected throughout the study (analyses underway). Results Baseline descriptive statistics are as follows for females [males]: body weight 65 ± 0.55 kg [62.91 ± 3.17 kg], systolic pressure 113 ± .54 mmHg [125 ± 2.93 mmHg], diastolic pressure 70 ±.48 mmHg [74 ± 3.22 mmHg], and heart rate 74 ± 0.56 bpm [63 ±3.17 bpm]. There were no observed differences between baseline and measurements taken at any of the three doses for body weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. There was no effect of histidine dose on the biochemical measures of aspartarte amino transferase (U/L, P = 0.096), alanine amino transferase (U/L, P = 0.47), creatinine (mg/dL, P = 0.79), glucose (mg/dL, P = 0.06), insulin (μIU/ml, P = 0.48), or c-reactive protein (mg/L, P = 0.19). Conclusions In our current analyses, we observe no deleterious effects of taking up to 12 grams of histidine in healthy young adults. Funding Sources International Council on Amino Acid Science.

scholarly journals Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight and Blood Pressure in Normal Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3824-3829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Reid ◽  
Anne Horne ◽  
Barbara Mason ◽  
Ruth Ames ◽  
Usha Bava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Calcium

Abstract Context: Epidemiological data suggest that high calcium intakes are associated with decreased body weight and blood pressure. However, there is little evidence from randomized trials that addresses these important issues. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of calcium on body weight and blood pressure. Design: This is a substudy of an ongoing, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of calcium supplementation. End points were assessed at 30 months. Setting: This study was performed at a university medical center. Participants: Normal postmenopausal women (mean age, 74 yr; mean weight, 67 kg; mean blood pressure, 134/70 mm Hg at baseline) participated in this study. Intervention: Study subjects were treated with calcium (1 g/d; n = 732) and placebo (n = 739). Main Outcome Measures: Body weight and blood pressure were the main outcome measures. Results: Weight decreased by 368 ± 132 g (mean ± se) with calcium treatment and by 369 ± 134 g with placebo (P = 0.93). Fat and lean masses did not show an effect of calcium. Blood pressure showed transient reductions of 1–2 mm Hg at 6 months in the calcium group, resulting in a significant between-group difference only for systolic pressure (P = 0.048). At 30 months, the change from baseline in systolic pressure was 0.0 ± 0.9 mm Hg in the calcium group and 2.4 ± 0.9 mm Hg in the placebo group (P = 0.14). For diastolic pressures, the changes were −0.2 ± 0.4 and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm Hg, respectively (P = 0.13). In those with baseline calcium intakes less than 600 mg/d, the treatment effect was greater and did persist. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation of 1 g/d does not produce biologically significant effects on body weight, and its hypotensive effect is small and transient in most women.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Goldblatt ◽  
Yale J. Katz ◽  
Harvey A. Lewis ◽  
Evelyn Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Hypertension

A simple, rapid method for the bioassay of renin has been presented. Reliable and consistent results are obtained by this method whereby an arbitrary dog unit of renin has been established. The response of normal unanesthetized dogs to renin is independent of the body weight of dogs weighing between 10 and 25 kilos. An estimate of potency of renin per kilo of body weight of the test animals is therefore not only unnecessary but misleading. A dog unit of renin has been defined as that amount which raises the blood pressure at least 30 and not more than 35 mm. Hg within 3 minutes in at least three unanesthetized dogs. The potency is expressed as dog units of renin per cubic centimeter. The determination of the amount of renal substance represented by a cubic centimeter of extract and the number of dog units per cubic centimeter give an estimate of the yield of renin which can be expressed as dog units of renin per gram of original renal tissue. By determination of the number of dog units per cubic centimeter and the amount of nitrogen in milligrams per cubic centimeter in any renal extract the purity of the renin can be determined and expressed as dog units of renin per milligram N. The establishment of a standard method for the bioassay of renin is considered highly desirable and the method outlined in this paper is suggested for this purpose.

scholarly journals Heart-targeted Prospective Dietary Intervention with Nutrient-dense, Portion-controlled Foods Improves Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension (P12-020-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasuki Wijendran ◽  
Kate Baur ◽  
Ruby Baker ◽  
Stacey Bell ◽  
Chip Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Preliminary Study

Abstract Objectives High blood pressure (BP) is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and affects about 50% of adult population in the US. The objective of this preliminary study was to determine the effectiveness of nutrient-dense, portion-controlled foods on BP in patients with hypertension. Methods Twenty-one adults (14 females, 7 males) with a medical diagnosis of hypertension (BP > 120/80 mm Hg) were recruited. Subjects consumed three nutrient-dense, portion-controlled foods daily for 8 weeks. The foods included 25–35% of the Daily Value (DV) for all nutrients (including potassium) except for sodium and chloride. All foods were low in added sugar and saturated fats. The foods and a blood pressure monitor were provided free to the participants. Morning BP, body weight, and waist circumference were measured by participants and self-reported weekly. Quality of life was assessed using a validated questionnaire (SF-12), which measured physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) composite scores. Results Baseline mean age, BMI and BP of study participants were 58 ± 7 years, 34 ± 6 kg/m2 and 149 ± 22/89 ± 7 mm Hg, respectively. After 8 weeks of the dietary intervention, systolic pressure decreased by 13% to 130 ± 12 mm Hg (P = 0.002) and diastolic pressure decreased by 17% to 74 ± 10 mm Hg (P < 0.001), compared to baseline. Body weight and waist circumference decreased by 4 ± 3 kg (4.5%weight loss, P < 0.001) and 8 ± 6 cm (7% decrease, P < 0.001), respectively, after 8 weeks compared to baseline. Quality of life indicators for PCS and MCS significantly improved (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of dietary intervention. Conclusions BP decreased significantly, weight loss approached a medically significant amount (5%), and quality of life indicators improved after 8 weeks of a dietary intervention with nutrient-dense, portion-controlled foods. The improved systolic BP reported in this preliminary study is comparable to reported efficacy of the DASH diet intervention. Nutrient-dense meals may help hypertensive patients lower blood pressure and body weight, but further research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings. Funding Sources Nutrient Foods LLC, Reno, Nevada.

Pro-health education in the fight against obesity and its complications in school-age children – 6-month programme of cooperation with the child and parents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kołpa ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Blood

Introduction: The dynamic development of society affects the health of the population. We often address civilization-related diseases affecting increasingly younger people. The lack of both a balanced diet and physical activity leads to hypertension and obesity. These diseases have a number of serious consequences. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the influence of an educational programme on the arterial pressure and body weight status of children between 10 and 12 years of age. Material and methods: The study (education program) involved 60 primary school pupils in grades 4-6, including 40 boys and 20 girls whose BMI and arterial blood pressure values differed, higher from the standard norms. Anthropometric measurements were made, i.e., height, body weight, blood pressure and blood biochemical tests. Then, the pupils were taken care of by a dietician and a trainer. Results: The problem is the small number of fruits and vegetables in the children’s diet, which is far below the recommended standards. In the study group, nearly 12% of the children had elevated TSH levels. Physical activity of the participants was low and was mostly limited to compulsory physical education lessons. According to the surveys carried out the girls were physically active much less frequently than the boys. Conclusions: The increase in the BMI index results in increased systolic pressure in children. An increase in TSH increases the value of diastolic pressure in 10- to 12-year-olds. Children eat too few fruits and vegetables per week compared to the established standards. The implementation of an educational programme in nutrition and physical activity affects the reduction of BMI in children with excess body weight.

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