A Simple Quantitative Procedure for the Partition of Free and Esterified FattyAcids from Fecal Lipids

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. G. Hamilton ◽  
B. E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Mixtures ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A procedure is presented for the partition of dietary and fecal lipids into free fatty acids (FFA), esterified fatty acids (EFA), and nonsaponifiable (NSF) fractions. The method permits quantitation of the lipid fractions and subsequent determination of the fatty acid composition of the FFA and EFA fraction by gas–liquid chromatography (g.l.c). Petroleum ether soluble lipids of acidified (HCl–ethanol) lyophilized feces and feed were partitioned into FFA and an esterified fatty acid plus nonsaponifiable fraction using a 0.05 N KOH – 60% ethanol partitioning solvent. The latter fraction was saponified and partitioned into EFA and NSF. Total recoveries of 93–100% were obtained with the method for lipid mixtures of known composition, dietary fats except coconut oil (88%), and fecal lipids. Separation of the lipids into individual fractions by this method was shown to be essentially complete by thin-layer chromatography and g.l.c. analysis.

Lipids of the intestinal mucosa of normal and essential fatty acid deficient rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yurkowski ◽  
B. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Deficiency ◽  
Arachidonic Acids ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Mucosal lipids were isolated from the proximal, middle, and distal intestinal sections of rats fed diets containing either 10% corn oil or 10% hydrogenated coconut oil, the latter diet being deficient in essential fatty acids. By a combination of column and thin-layer chromatography, the lipids were fractionated and the major components found to consist of triglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Several minor constituents were present. Triglycerides and free fatty acids were generally present in higher concentrations in animals fed corn oil, and the concentration of mucosal triglycerides decreased towards the distal end of the intestine whereas free fatty acids increased in this group. Essential fatty acid deficiency resulted in lower levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids and higher levels of palmitoleic, oleic, and eicosatrienoic acids in the mucosal lipids. Mono- and di-enoic fatty acids tended to decrease in concentration from the proximal to the distal end of the intestine; the polyunsaturated acids and, to some extent, the saturated acids, were lowest in the proximal section of the intestine.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NORMAL MINK TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Walker ◽  
V. F. Lishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipids, extracted from the adrenals, brain, erythrocytes, heart, kidney, liver, plasma, and spleen of normal healthy female mink, were transesterified with 1% sulphuric acid in methanol, and the resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography after purification by thin-layer chromatography. All of the tissues examined contained higher concentrations of unsaturated than of saturated acids, the highest levels of unsaturated acids occurring in the lipids of heart, adrenals, and plasma, and of the essential fatty acids (ω6 series, with six carbon atoms after last double bond) in plasma, erythrocyte, and kidney lipids. The fatty acid compositions of mink tissues resemble those reported in the literature for the rat; detailed comparisons are not possible because of the known influence of dietary factors on tissue fatty acids.

Lipid metabolism in Achlya: changes in lipid composition during development

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1716-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon W. T. Law ◽  
David N. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Eicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Low Levels

Fractionation of total lipid extracted from Achlya sp. at various stages of its developmental cycle revealed that in spores total lipid was composed of 62% neutral lipid, 13% phospholipid, and 25% glycolipid. After germination, the proportion of neutral lipid rose slightly after 2 h then fell sharply to 10% after 8 h, whereupon it rose to 55% of total lipid after 30 h of growth, when sporulation was completed. Conversely, phospholipid rose to 77% of total lipid after 8 h, then declined to 40% after 30 h. Glycolipid was maintained at 10–20% of total lipid throughout the life cycle after spore germination. Quantitative determination of neutral lipid components by photoreflectometry showed that triglycerides accounted for 20% of neutral lipid in spores, and free fatty acids made up 50%. During growth, the absolute levels of both components fell precipitously on germination, remained at low levels throughout vegetative growth, and rose at the time of sporulation.The fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid, neutral lipid, and free fatty acid fractions extracted from vegetative and sporulating Achlya cells was determined. The principal fatty acids present in all fractions at both stages of the life cycle were hexadecanoic and octadecanoic acids. Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, and an unidentified long-chain acid were completely absent from the phospholipids of vegetative cells, although they were found in significant quantities in lipid fractions from other stages of growth.

A Comparison of Gas-Liquid Chromatography and a Titration Method for the Determination of Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Levels during Pregnancy

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 249-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Young ◽  
Elizabeth A. Gilmore ◽  
R. G. McDonald-Gibson ◽  
Jennifer A. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Nefa Level

The level of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was measured by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and a titration method in 194 samples collected during pregnancy and from four days to 24 weeks post partum. Both techniques indicated a similar pattern of changes in plasma NEFA associated with pregnancy. The titration estimates of NEFA level were usually greater than those measured by GLC, and there was some suggestion that the disparity between the methods was increased at the end of pregnancy and was reduced at six weeks after delivery.

Distribution of Fatty Acids in Cod Flesh Lipids

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
J. Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sterol Esters ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Fractions

Cod flesh lipids were separated by silicic acid chromatography into eight fractions, and the fatty acid distribution in five of these was examined by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC). As compared with the fatty acid composition of total flesh lipids, sterol esters contained less 16:0 but more 20:5ω3; ethanolamine phosphatides contained less 16:0, less 20:5ω3, but more 22:6ω3; serine phosphatides contained less 16:0 and less 20:5ω3 but more 18:0; and choline phosphatides had a fatty acid composition roughly similar to that of total flesh lipid but containing slightly more 16:0 and 20:5ω3 and less 22:6ω3. In fatty acid composition, the triglycerides more closely resembled liver lipid than any of the flesh lipid fractions.

Determination of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids by Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Taylor ◽  
Harry I Pandov ◽  
Nigel Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

A capillary gas liquid chromatography method was established for the routine determination of fatty acid profiles from washed erythrocyte membranes. Only the five major fatty acids found in erythrocytes (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids) had acceptable precision (CVs <10·0%) for use in establishing quantitative differences between groups of individuals. Reference values were established for the relative amounts of these five fatty acids in adults. Significant alterations in the relative concentrations of oleic and arachidonic acids were found after storage at +4°C for 24 h, which has important implications in the study of changes in erythrocyte fatty acids in cancer and diabetes.

Effect of various cultural conditions on the fatty acid and lipid composition of Choanephora cucurbitarum

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Deven ◽  
M. S. Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Choanephora Cucurbitarum

The fatty acid composition of the total and polar lipid fractions of Choanephora cucurbitarum grown under different cultural conditions were analyzed by thin-layer and gas–liquid chromatography. It was observed that temperature, age, pH, and light influenced the degree of unsaturation, this being due mainly to changes in the γ-linolenic acid concentration. The conditions used in this study did not alter the qualitative profile of fatty acids normally present in the organism. Neither did these conditions stimulate the production of further long-chain fatty acids (C20–C26) beyond γ-linolenic acid (C18:3) as reported earlier using growth media containing glutamic acid. The fatty acid pattern of lipid fractions though the same qualitatively, differed quantitatively. The polar lipid fractions, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and diphosphatidyl glycerol showed an appreciable variation in γ-linolenic acid content under different cultural conditions. The degree of unsaturation of the various lipid fractions decreased with increases in temperature, light intensity, and pH, but within each treatment the same pattern of decreasing degree of unsaturation with increasing age was observed. The significance of these observations is discussed.

scholarly journals An analytical and breeding study on fatty acids in summer turnip rape (brassica campestris L. var. annua)

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-141
Author(s):  
Into Laakso
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Turnip Rape

The fatty acid composition of the seed oil of summer turnip rape (Brassica campestris L. var. annua) was investigated by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The reliability of conventional sampling methods in capillary GC was compared with that of the new on column and PTV (programmed temperature vaporizer) techniques, with particular reference to the determination of fatty acid variation. In order to develop new, well-adapted turnip rape strains with improved oil quality, a breeding programme for a higher linoleic acid content, based on individual plant selection, was performed in 1978—85. The results showed that the conventional sampling techniques involving sample transfer to a hot injector were very unreliable as regards precision and accuracy. This was especially the case in the determination of trace fatty acid levels. The PTV methods with splitless and solvent split mode were as precise as cold on-column injection. The PTV sampling modifications, which are all superior to classical techniques, were even more suitable for routine analyses than on-column injection, where several restrictions are met. The analytical error with PTV for most of the compounds represented less than 1 % of the variation found for fatty acids within a turnip rape variety. The breeding experiments indicated that the level of linoleic acid can be increased under open-pollinated conditions in the field without affecting the α-linolenic acid content. The greenhouse conditions, on the other hand, were found to have a considerable environmental influence on the variation of these compounds, resulting in no response to linoleic-acid selection. In field trials, several strains with yields comparable to the varieties commonly cultivated in Finland were selected with a higher linoleic acid content (up to25 %). Most of them also contained no erucic acid. The new evidence concerning its beneficial physiological effects indicate that rapeseed oil should be considered as a serious alternative among sources of essential fatty acids. Such aspects should also be taken into account in future breeding of rapeseed fatty acids.

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