The Effect of Nicotine on Ascorbic Acid Retention by Guinea Pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Keith ◽  
O. Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Nicotine Intake

Forty-eight male guinea pigs on an ascorbic acid free diet received daily oral injections of 2 mg L-ascorbic acid/100 g body weight for 2 weeks. Simultaneous injections of nicotine were given subcutaneously at 0.66 mg per animal per day; during the second week a second nicotine dose was administered 3 h later. On an equal weight basis each injection was approximately double the nicotine intake of a smoker of 40 cigarettes per day. On the last day at 1 h after a dose of L-ascorbic acid-1-14C there was more radioactivity and ascorbic acid remaining in the gastrointestinal tract contents of nicotine-treated animals than in saline-injected control animals. There were lower concentrations of L-ascorbic acid-1-14C in adrenals, brain, kidneys, and liver of nicotine-injected animals 1 h after the dose but higher concentrations 3, 6, and 12 h after the dose when compared to saline-injected animals. At all times adrenal and liver total ascorbic acid concentrations were higher in nicotine-treated animals. Brain and kidney concentrations showed a similar trend. The results indicate that there was delayed absorption of ascorbic acid in the presence of nicotine. Possible mechanisms of this effect are considered.

scholarly journals Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d).2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol.3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids.4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall-bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid: cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis.

scholarly journals The influence of sex and age on the deposition of L-xyloascorbic acid in tissues of guinea-pigs

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
P. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Supplements

1. Young male and female guinea-pigs of similar age and male guinea-pigs of various ages were given daily oral supplements of vitamin C (L-xyloascorbic acid) (AA) on a body-weight basis for periods of 10–15 d and the resulting concentration of AA in several organs was determined.2. There was no difference between the sexes in the concentrations of AA in the adrenal glands and spleen. The concentration of AA in the spleen, adrenal glands and eye lens was significantly lower in older animals, and in brain it was significantly higher than the corresponding values for the young guinea-pigs.3. The tissue deposition after oral administration of AA for 10 d was compared with that resulting from intramuscular injection of the same quantity of AA over 10 d in males aged 60 d, males aged 500 d and females aged 500 d. In the 60-d-old guinea-pigs intramuscular injection raised the concentration of AA in the spleen and adrenal glands 35% and 50% respectively above that resulting from oral dosing. In the older guinea-pigs (500 d) the corresponding values were 108% and 127% respectively. It is concluded that reduced gastrointestinal absorption is, at least in part, responsible for the low AA concentrations in certain organs from older guinea-pigs. In the 500-d-old guinea-pigs there was no significant difference between the AA levels in the spleen, adrenals and brain of the two sexes, but AA level in the lens of females was significantly lower than that in males, irrespective of the mode of administration of the AA.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Chitosan and Psyllium Husk with L-Ascorbic acid in Guinea Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jun ◽  
Y. Jung ◽  
H. Hong ◽  
Park ◽  
H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Fat Excretion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether L-Ascorbic acid would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo. The study was carried out with male Hartley guinea pigs for 5 weeks. The results show that chitosan itself did not influence body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER). However, the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan decreased these parameters; the body weight gain and FER in the chitosan-2 group (high-fat diet group with 5 % chitosan containing 0.5 % L-Ascorbic acid) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in F-controls (high-fat diet group), and was similar to that in controls (normal diet group). L-Ascorbic acid enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the increases of total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion by chitosan. The addition of L-Ascorbic acid to psyllium husk did not differ from psyllium husk alone in terms of changes in weight gain, plasma lipid levels, and fat pad weight. We found that the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan influenced the reduction in body weight gain and FER, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet.

THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE IN GUINEA-PIGS

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. CLAYTON
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SUMMARY 1. The influence of cortisone and ascorbic acid on the course of experimentally induced scurvy in guinea-pigs has been studied. 2. The effect of cortisone varied with the intake of ascorbic acid. Cortisone neither accelerated nor retarded the development of scurvy in chronically scorbutic animals. When the intake of ascorbic acid was very low, cortisone did not prevent a fall in body weight and ultimate death from chronic scurvy. With a slightly higher (intermediate) dosage of ascorbic acid cortisone appeared to improve the retarded formation of epiphysial bone. With both intermediate and high intakes of synthetic ascorbic acid cortisone exerted a 'toxic' effect which ultimately resulted in earlier death. 3. Cortisone did not produce inhibition of wound healing in guinea-pigs.

scholarly journals A note on the effect of food restriction on tissue ascorbic acid in guinea-pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. W. Davies ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Effect Of Food

1. Male, adult guinea-pigs received a scorbutogenic diet and a daily supplement of 1.0 mg ascorbic acid/100 g body-weight.2. Restriction of food intake for a period of 17 d resulted in a 25 % loss in body-weight and a significant reduction in the retention of ascorbic acid by the spleen, liver and adrenal glands.

The conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Effect ◽  
Conditioning Effect

The influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1 mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in body weight and reductions in the plasma, leucocyte, and adrenal concentrations of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following weanling age than in utero.

scholarly journals The uptake of D-araboascorbic acid (D-isoascorbic acid) by guinea-pig tissues

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hughes ◽  
R. J. Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
No Conversion ◽  
Isoascorbic Acid ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Supplement

1. Guinea-pigs on a low, controlled intake of ascorbic acid (0.3 mg/100 g body-weight) were given daily an oral supplement of L-ascorbic acid (AA) or of D-isoascorbic acid (isoAA) (both 1.5 mg/100 g body-weight). The AA was deposited in the tissues, the isoAA was not.2. Intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues but not to the same extent as equivalent amounts of intramuscularly administered AA.3. Paper chromatography confirmed that intramuscularly administered isoAA was deposited in the tissues as isoAA, i.e. there was no conversion into AA.4. It is concluded that in guinea-pigs (a)AA is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract much more readily than isoAA and (b)AA is either more readily abstracted from the blood or is more readily retained by the tissues or both, than is isoAA.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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