The conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Adaptive Effect ◽  
Conditioning Effect

The influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1 mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in body weight and reductions in the plasma, leucocyte, and adrenal concentrations of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following weanling age than in utero.

scholarly journals Vitamin C status, serum cholesterol levels and bile composition in the pregnant guinea-pig

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Biliary Secretion ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

1. Pregnant guinea-pigs receiving a low dose of L-ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/100 g body-weight per d) developed a hypercholesterolaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy, whereas no change in serum cholesterol levels was observed in pregnant animals receiving a higher dose of the vitamin (2 mg/100 g body-weight per d).2. Pregnancy in the group of guinea-pigs receiving the higher dose of L-ascorbic acid was associated with an increased biliary secretion of bile acids. No change was observed in the biliary secretion of bile acids in pregnant animals receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid, but these animals secreted significantly more cholesterol.3. Changes in the biliary secretion of cholesterol and bile acids in the pregnant guinea-pig according to L-ascorbic acid intake were reflected in the composition of the gall-bladder bile. Thus, the gall-bladder bile of guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid contained more cholesterol, while the gall-bladder bile of those animals receiving the higher dose of the vitamin had a higher content of bile acids.4. The increased cholesterol content of the gall-bladder of pregnant guinea-pigs receiving the lower dose of L-ascorbic acid resulted in decreased bile acid:cholesterol and phospholipid: cholesterol values, conditions predisposing to cholelithiasis.

scholarly journals Growth, ascorbic acid and iron contents of tissues of young guinea-pigs whose dams received high or low levels of dietary ascorbic acid or Fe during pregnancy and suckling

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bates ◽  
T. D. Cowen ◽  
Harumi Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Intake ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fe Storage ◽  
Very High

1. Guinea-pig dams were fed on purified diets containing high (5 g/kg diet plus 1 g/l drinking water) or moderate (0.5 g/kg diet) levels of ascorbic acid, in combination with high (1 g/kg diet) or moderate (0.043 g/kg diet) levels of iron, during pregnancy and suckling. Their offsprings' diets contained 0.1 g ascorbic acid/kg and 0.04 g Fe/kg.2. High ascorbic acid intake clearly enhanced both tissue ascorbate and Fe storage in the dams, and high Fe intake increased both the dams' and the pups' tissue Fe stores.3. In the animals receiving high Fe intake, a co-existing high ascorbate intake by the dams reduced the growth rate of the offspring, but only during the early stages of development, not during the later stages of post-weaning growth. All the pups' tissue ascorbate levels fell after weaning, but those born of the dams receiving the high ascorbic acid diets did not fall to levels lower than those of the other pups.4. Thus, although certain disadvantages to the offspring resulting from very-high ascorbic acid intake by pregnant guinea-pig dams were detected, these did not include permanently increased ascorbate requirements, and hence a progression to scurvy as the pups grew and matured.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Chitosan and Psyllium Husk with L-Ascorbic acid in Guinea Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jun ◽  
Y. Jung ◽  
H. Hong ◽  
Park ◽  
H. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Fat Excretion

The aim of this study was to investigate whether L-Ascorbic acid would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo. The study was carried out with male Hartley guinea pigs for 5 weeks. The results show that chitosan itself did not influence body weight gain and food efficiency ratio (FER). However, the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan decreased these parameters; the body weight gain and FER in the chitosan-2 group (high-fat diet group with 5 % chitosan containing 0.5 % L-Ascorbic acid) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in F-controls (high-fat diet group), and was similar to that in controls (normal diet group). L-Ascorbic acid enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the increases of total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion by chitosan. The addition of L-Ascorbic acid to psyllium husk did not differ from psyllium husk alone in terms of changes in weight gain, plasma lipid levels, and fat pad weight. We found that the addition of L-Ascorbic acid to chitosan influenced the reduction in body weight gain and FER, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet.

THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE IN GUINEA-PIGS

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. CLAYTON
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Experimentally Induced

SUMMARY 1. The influence of cortisone and ascorbic acid on the course of experimentally induced scurvy in guinea-pigs has been studied. 2. The effect of cortisone varied with the intake of ascorbic acid. Cortisone neither accelerated nor retarded the development of scurvy in chronically scorbutic animals. When the intake of ascorbic acid was very low, cortisone did not prevent a fall in body weight and ultimate death from chronic scurvy. With a slightly higher (intermediate) dosage of ascorbic acid cortisone appeared to improve the retarded formation of epiphysial bone. With both intermediate and high intakes of synthetic ascorbic acid cortisone exerted a 'toxic' effect which ultimately resulted in earlier death. 3. Cortisone did not produce inhibition of wound healing in guinea-pigs.

Effects of ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol on arsenic-induced oxidative stress

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ramanathan ◽  
B S Balakumar ◽  
C Panneerselvam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Arsenic is an ubiquitous element in the environment causing oxidative burst in the exposed individuals leading to tissue damage. Antioxidants have long been known to reduce the free radical-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether supplementation of a-tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg body weight) to arsenic-intoxicated rats (100 ppm in drinking water) for 30 days affords protection against the oxidative stress caused by the metalloid. The arsenic-treated rats showed elevated levels of lipid peroxide, decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and activities of enzymatic antioxidants. Administration of a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid to arsenic-exposed rats showed a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and enhanced levels of total sulfhydryls, reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol and so do the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to near normal. These findings suggest thata-tocopherol and ascorbic acid prevent LPO and protect the antioxidant system in arsenic-intoxicated rats.

scholarly journals Original Article. Toxic effect of sodium fluoride on hydroxyproline level and expression of collagen-1 gene in rat bone and its amelioration by Tamrindus indica L. fruit pulp extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Raj Gupta ◽  
Sahadeb Dey ◽  
Mohini Saini ◽  
Devendra Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Collagen Gene ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Rat Bone

Abstract Excessive fluoride intoxication plays an important role in the development of dental, skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis. The aim of this study was to ascertain the toxic effect of excessive fluoride ingestion on the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in rat bone and its amelioration by supplementation with Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Forty albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group served as control and received only tap water. The second group received sodium fluoride (200 ppm) through drinking water. The third group received T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) alone and the fourth group received the T. indica fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg body weight) along with fluorinated drinking water (200 ppm) daily by gavage for a period of 90 days. The level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene using quantitative real time PCR in the tibia bone decreased significantly with continuous exposure to sodium fluoride. Co-administration of T. indica fruit pulp extract during exposure to fluoride through drinking water restored the level of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in serum and the concentration of hydroxyproline in urine. It increased the level of hydroxyproline and expression of type 1 collagen gene in the tibia as compared to untreated fluoride-exposed rats. It is concluded that T. indica fruit pulp extract has an ameliorative potential to protect the bone from fluoride induced collagen damage.

scholarly journals Fructose: Toxic effect on cardiorenal risk factors and redox state

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205031211668429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane V Francisqueti ◽  
Klinsmann C Santos ◽  
Artur JT Ferron ◽  
Angelo TC Lo ◽  
Igor O Minatel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Adiposity Index

Aim: To investigate the effects of fructose consumption on the antioxidant capacity in heart and kidney, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and evaluation of these variables after its removal. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 36) were divided into control group (n = 12): standard chow + water or F group: standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) for 15 weeks. After, F group was divided to continue receiving standard chow + fructose in drinking water (30%) (n = 12) or standard chow + water (Ex group, n = 12) for 9 weeks. Water, chow and caloric diaries intake, final body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose and triacylglycerol, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were analyzed. Results: Control and Ex groups consumed less chow and water compared to F group. Caloric intake was higher in control group. There was no difference in final body weight and adiposity index. Systolic blood pressure and cardiac and renal hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were worst in F group. Conclusion: Prolonged exposure to fructose induces oxidative stress, systolic blood pressure, and increase in triacylglycerol. When stopped fructose consumption, Ex group presented improvement in these variables, suggesting the toxicity effect of fructose when consumed in high amounts and prolonged exposure.

scholarly journals A note on the effect of food restriction on tissue ascorbic acid in guinea-pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. W. Davies ◽  
R. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Effect Of Food

1. Male, adult guinea-pigs received a scorbutogenic diet and a daily supplement of 1.0 mg ascorbic acid/100 g body-weight.2. Restriction of food intake for a period of 17 d resulted in a 25 % loss in body-weight and a significant reduction in the retention of ascorbic acid by the spleen, liver and adrenal glands.

ASCORBIC ACID AND ACCLIMATIZATION TO COLD ENVIRONMENT

1947 ◽  
Vol 25e (3) ◽  
pp. 111-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis-Paul Dugal ◽  
Mercedes Thérien
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Direct Relation

A large increase in the ascorbic acid content has been shown to occur in the tissues of the white rat (able to synthesize that vitamin) after prolonged exposure and adaptation to cold (+ 4° to − 4 °C.). The increase in ascorbic acid is much smaller if the rats exposed to low temperatures receive daily supplements of that vitamin. On the other hand, a decrease in ascorbic acid content of the tissues has been found in rats unable to adjust themselves to cold environment. From the above results obtained with the white rat, it seems that the acclimatization to low temperatures—and not only maintenance of life at the same temperatures—requires large quantities of ascorbic acid.That conclusion was confirmed by experiments with guinea-pigs (animals that do not synthesize ascorbic acid); the results obtained show that resistance and adaptation of the guinea-pig to cold environment depend on the amount of ascorbic acid received daily; besides, during the process of acclimatization to cold, more ascorbic acid is retained in the tissues of the guinea-pigs exposed to low temperatures than in the same tissues of control animals kept at room temperature; finally, a direct relation has been observed between adaptability to cold environment and the content of ascorbic acid in the adrenals.

The Effect of Nicotine on Ascorbic Acid Retention by Guinea Pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Keith ◽  
O. Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Nicotine Intake

Forty-eight male guinea pigs on an ascorbic acid free diet received daily oral injections of 2 mg L-ascorbic acid/100 g body weight for 2 weeks. Simultaneous injections of nicotine were given subcutaneously at 0.66 mg per animal per day; during the second week a second nicotine dose was administered 3 h later. On an equal weight basis each injection was approximately double the nicotine intake of a smoker of 40 cigarettes per day. On the last day at 1 h after a dose of L-ascorbic acid-1-14C there was more radioactivity and ascorbic acid remaining in the gastrointestinal tract contents of nicotine-treated animals than in saline-injected control animals. There were lower concentrations of L-ascorbic acid-1-14C in adrenals, brain, kidneys, and liver of nicotine-injected animals 1 h after the dose but higher concentrations 3, 6, and 12 h after the dose when compared to saline-injected animals. At all times adrenal and liver total ascorbic acid concentrations were higher in nicotine-treated animals. Brain and kidney concentrations showed a similar trend. The results indicate that there was delayed absorption of ascorbic acid in the presence of nicotine. Possible mechanisms of this effect are considered.

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