Role of corticosteroids in distal acidification of amiloride-treated rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Ansaldo ◽  
María Cristina Damasco ◽  
María Silvina de Lavallaz ◽  
Carlos Pedro Lantos ◽  
Gerhard Malnic
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Ion Secretion ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

The role of amiloride-dependent sodium channels in the action of adrenal cortical steroids on urine–blood [Formula: see text] (U–B [Formula: see text]) differences was studied in bicarbonate-infused and amiloride-treated adrenalectomized rats. U–B [Formula: see text] was significantly reduced by amiloride in bicarbonate-infused control rats. Adrenalectomy further reduced U–B [Formula: see text] in amiloride-treated, bicarbonate-infused rats (from 27.9 ± 1.82 mmHg in sham-operated rats to 21.3 ± 1.58 mmHg in adrenalectomized (ADX) rats) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Acute administration of corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (18-OH-B), but not of aldosterone, caused recovery of U–B [Formula: see text] to the level of sham-operated animals treated with amiloride. Aldosterone did not affect U–B [Formula: see text] in the presence of amiloride (21.9 mmHg ADX group vs. 20.98 mmHg aldosterone group). Results are compatible with aldosterone affecting distal H ion secretion mostly by a sodium and potential difference dependent mechanism, while corticosterone and 18-OH-B should act by other mechanisms (e.g., increased luminal buffer level).Key words: distal H ion secretion, corticosteroids, amiloride, adrenalectomy, aldosterone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Role of glucocorticoids and aldosterone in maintenance of colonic cation transport

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (3) ◽  
pp. F181-F186 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Bastl ◽  
H. J. Binder ◽  
J. P. Hayslett
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Potassium Secretion ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

Adrenalectomized rats were maintained on physiologic replacement doses of aldosterone or dexamethasone for 24 h after adrenalectomy. Net cation movement and transmural potential difference were determined during in vivo perfusion of the colon. Adrenalectomy without replacement steroids resulted in marked reduction of sodium and water absorption, potassium secretion, and transmural potential difference (PD). Aldosterone 10 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1 significantly increased net potassium secretion above adrenalectomized levels but did not restore transport to control levels. Sodium and water absorption and transmural PD were not affected. Aldosterone 30 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1 increased but did not restore net movement of sodium or potassium to control levels. In contrast to aldosterone, physiologic amounts of dexamethasone, 10 microgram . 100 g body wt-1 . 24 h-1, preserved normal electrolyte movement and electrical properties in adrenalectomized rats. In additional experiments the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone was administered for 3 days to rats with intact adrenal function. Net sodium absorption fell only 22% below control with insigificant decreases in potassium secretion and transmural PD. These data suggest that glucocorticoid hormones exert regulatory control of basal colonic fluid and electrolyte function.

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN THE TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE (Ukrainian — German discourse)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Svitlana Gruschko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article investigates the role of communicative-functional approach in the translation of scientific and technical literature, when the translation itself is seen as a tool to accomplish purposeful activity of communicators, representatives of different interlingual groups. In practical terms, the difficulties of translating scientific and technical texts are due to the peculiarities of scientific style, insufficient understanding of the terminology of a particular field of knowledge, which complicates the choice of adequate translation solutions. In this context, an important role is played by the translation strategy, where the communicativefunctional approach dominates. The translation is implicitly included in the communication structure between the author and the recipient. The relevance of the article is determined by the necessity of studying the problems of scientific and technical literature translation, taking into account the current realities of interlanguage information exchange. Key words: communicative-functional approach, interlingual communication, translation, structure

INTERPRETATIONAL FIELD OF THE CONCEPT “WOMAN” IN ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ LINGUOCULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Баяманова М.С.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Field Culture

Summary: The article deals with the analysis of the interpretational field of the basic lexical units which represent the meaning of the concept “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and cultures. Comparative – contrastive analytical data of the most frequently used in both languages variants of the interpretation of the concept “woman” have been given. The semantic fields of nuclear and nearnuclear meanings of the lexical units, transforming the notion of “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and also the place and role of these notions in cultures and philosophy of the nations on the basis of mentality and traditional values have been studied and described. The situations of the use of this or that variant of the meaning of lexical unit. A comparative study of the definitions of the word “woman’ in English and Kyrgyz languages have been given. Key words: concept, woman, interpretational field, notion, definition, semantic field, culture, language, linguoculture, transformation Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются интерпретационные поля основных лексических единиц, репрезентирующих значение концепта «женщина» в английской и кыргызской лингвокультурах. Приводятся сравнительно-сопоставительные аналитические данные наиболее употребительных в речи обоих языков вариантов интерпретации концепта «женщина». Изучены и описаны семантические поля ядерных и околоядерных значений лексических единиц, трансформирующих понятие «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языке, а также роль и место этих понятий в культурах и философии народов на основе менталитета и традиционных ценностей. Приводятся ситуации использования того или ино- го варианта значения лексической единицы, проведено сравнительное изучение определений слова «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языках. Ключевые слова: концепт, женщина, интерпретационное поле, понятие, определение, семантическое поле, культура, язык, лингвокультура, трансформация Аннотация: Макалада англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде жана маданияттарында «аял» концептинин маанисин репрезентациалаган негизги лексикалык бирдиктер каралат. «Аял» концептин эки тилдеги кѳп колдонулуучу интерпретациялоо варианттарынын аналитикалык салыштырма маалыматтары изил- делип берилген. Англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде «аял» түшүнүгүн трансформациялаган лексикалык бирдиктердин түп нуска жана ага жакындашкан маанилери иликтелип каралган. Берилген түшүнүктѳрдүн элдик философиясында жана маданиятында, менталитеттин жана салттын негизинде эл арасына кеӊири тараган, элдик тилде жана маданиятта ойногон ролу менен орду чагылдырылган. Ар түрдү ситацияларда колдонулуучу тиги же бул лексикалык бирдиктердин маанисинин варианттары каралган, «аял» деген сѳздун англис жана кыргыз тилдериндеги түшүндүрмѳлѳрү салыштырылып изилделген. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: концепт, аял, интерпретациялоо мейкиндиги, түшүнүк, түшүндүрмѳ, семантикалык чѳйрѳ, маданият, тил, лингвомаданият, трансформациялоо

Peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor mediates the elevation of plasma IL-6 by immobilization stress in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1461-R1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Ando ◽  
Jean Rivier ◽  
Hitoshi Yanaihara ◽  
Akira Arimura
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

We previously reported the elevation of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 activity in response to immobilization stress in rats. To investigate the role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in this response, we examined the effects of CRF antagonists on immobilization-induced IL-6 response. Intravenous pretreatment with either [d-Phe12,Nle21,38,CαMeLeu37]-anti-human rat (h/r) CRF12—41(1.5 mg/kg) or cyclo(30—33)[d-Phe12, Nle21,38,Glu30,Lys33]-h/rCRF12—41(Astressin, 0.5 mg/kg) attenuated the IL-6 response to immobilization, which confirmed our previous finding that systemic administration of an antiserum against CRF blocked this response. In addition, an intraperitoneal injection of h/rCRF (100 μg/kg) or rat urocortin (10 and 100 μg/kg) increased the plasma IL-6 activity, mimicking the response to immobilization. An intravenous injection of h/rCRF (100 μg/kg) also elevated plasma IL-6 in adrenalectomized rats. These findings suggest that peripheral CRF mediates the plasma IL-6 elevation in response to immobilization.

scholarly journals Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Modulates p53 Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117906601773156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Althubiti
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Ht1080 Cell ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that promotes survival and proliferation of B cells. SYK inhibition has shown promising results in the treatment of arthritis and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, in other context, it has been shown that SYK overexpression in epithelial cancer cells induced senescence in p53-dependent mechanism, which underscored its antineoplastic activity in vitro. Here, we show that SYK was induced in response of DNA damage in parallel with p53 levels. In addition, using chemical inhibitors of SYK reduced p53 levels in HCT116 and HT1080 cell lines, which underlines the role of SYK inhibition on p53 activity. Furthermore, SYK inhibition modulated the cell growth, which resulted in a decreasing in cell death. Interestingly, SYK expression showed a positive prognosis in patients with solid tumors in correlations with their survival rates, as expected negative correlation was seen between SYK expression and survival rate of patients with CLL. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that SYK inhibition modulates p53 expression and activity in HCT116 and HT1080 cells. Reconsidering using of SYK inhibitors in clinical setting in the future should be evaluated carefully in accordance with these findings to prevent the formation of secondary malignancies.

scholarly journals Electric potential differences across auroral generator interfaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Keyser ◽  
M. Echim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Equilibrium Configuration ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Field Profile ◽  
Electric Potential Difference ◽  
Electric Field Profile

Abstract. Strong localized high-altitude auroral electric fields, such as those observed by Cluster, are often associated with magnetospheric interfaces. The type of high-altitude electric field profile (monopolar, bipolar, or more complicated) depends on the properties of the plasmas on either side of the interface, as well as on the total electric potential difference across the structure. The present paper explores the role of this cross-field electric potential difference in the situation where the interface is a tangential discontinuity. A self-consistent Vlasov description is used to determine the equilibrium configuration for different values of the transverse potential difference. A major observation is that there exist limits to the potential difference, beyond which no equilibrium configuration of the interface can be sustained. It is further demonstrated how the plasma densities and temperatures affect the type of electric field profile in the transition, with monopolar electric fields appearing primarily when the temperature contrast is large. These findings strongly support the observed association of monopolar fields with the plasma sheet boundary. The role of shear flow tangent to the interface is also examined.

Persisting demibivalents: a unique meiotic behaviour in Cuscuta babylonica Choisy

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batia Pazy ◽  
Uzi Plitmann
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Behaviour ◽  
Chromosome Movement ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Key Words Meiosis ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Telomeric Association

Idiosyncratic chromosome behaviour during meiosis was found in pollen mother cells of Cuscuta babylonica Choisy, a thread-like holoparasitic herb. Its main features are among the following: (i) telomeric association between homologues through most stages of the process, which leads to persisting chromatid bivalents (= "demibivalents"); (ii) uncommon chromosome segregation in first and second anaphase; and (iii) prolonged intensified heterochromatinization. Although "regular" in its own way, this process leads to the formation of unviable products. Its further investigation might contribute to our understanding of the role of the spindle and chromosome movement in the ordinary process of meiosis. Key words: meiosis (abnormal), persisting demibivalents, Cuscuta babylonica.

Serotonin Dysfunction in Pathological Gamblers: Increased Prolactin Response to Oral m-CPP Versus Placebo

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 956-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti ◽  
Silvia Bernardi ◽  
Leonardo Quercioli ◽  
Concetta DeCaria ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectiveAcute administration of the partial serotonin (5-HT) agonist meta-chlorophenylpi-perazine (m-CPP), that is used also as a street drug, has been reported to induce a “high” and craving response in various impulsive and sub-stance addiction disorders.IntroductionTo clarify altered 5-HT metabolism in pathological gamblers and to explore the specific role of serotonergic system in non substance addictions, we assessed behavioral (“high” and “craving”) and neuroendocrine (prolactin and cortisol) responses to an oral single dose of m-CPP and placebo in pathological gamblers and matched controls. Moreover, the relationship between neuroendocrine outcome and clinical severity has been assessed.MethodTwenty-six pathological gamblers and 26 healthy control subjects enter a double-blind, placebo-controlled-crossed administration of orally dose m-CPP 0.5 mg/kg. Outcome measures included prolactin and cortisol levels, gambling severity, mood, craving and “high” scales.ResultsPathological gamblers had significantly increased prolactin response compared to controls at 180 minutes and at 210 minutes post–administration. Greater pathological gamblers severity correlated with increased neuroendocrine responsiveness to m-CCP, suggesting greater 5-HT dysregulation. Pathological gambling patients had a significantly increased “high” sensation after m-CPP administration compared with control.ConclusionThese results provide additional evidence for 5-HT disturbance in pathological gamblers and they support the hypotheses that the role of the 5-HT dysfunction related to the experience of “high” might represent the path-way that leads to dyscontrolled behavior in patho-logical gamblers. Furthermore, the “high” feeling induced by m-CPP in pathological subjects may represent a marker of vulnerability to both behav-ioral and substance addictions.

Extase scopique, sédimentation langagičre et inscription corporelle. Les images dans la civilisation contemporaine

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Wunenburger
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Image Informatics

- Linguistic Sedimentation, and Bodily Inscription At present, we are exposed to an excessive offer of images, which raises a problem of assimilation. Subjects are increasingly passive, in ways that can border on pathological conditions. Yet, it is not so much a question of condemning this situation as of finding a way of re-symbolizing images, saving them from mere contemplation and inserting them in a process of contextualisation. Such a process requires an understanding of the role of the body and of the incorporation of images along the lines of Bachelard's intuition of the "resisting" nature of images. This raises the possibility of an education to images suited to the present age.Key words: Alienation, Education, Embodiment, Image, Informatics, Symbolisation.Parole chiave: Alienazione, Educazione, Immagine, Incorporazione, Informatica, Simbolizzazione.

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