The reproductive cycle of the viviparous seaperch, Cymatogaster aggregata Gibbons

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male And Female

The natural reproductive cycle of male and female Cymatogaster aggregata is described with reference to gametogenesis, development of secondary sex structures, reproductive behavior, and gestation. Spermatocytogenesis starts in early spring and by June or July clusters of spermatozoa fill the seminiferous tubules. Concurrently the Sertoli cells and interstitial cells of Leydig increase in size and secondary sex structures develop on the male anal fin. When the sexes mingle in summer, the males perform very elaborate reproductive behavior. Fertilization occurs about mid-December—5 months after mating—and the ovary is then modified to maintain the young embryos until parturition in mid-summer. Oocyte formation is highest in July and August, just after parturition, while vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation occur mainiy from October to December. These seasonal changes are discussed in relation to changes in environmental temperature and photoperiod.

Ontogeny of inhibin secretion in the rat testis: secretion of inhibin-related proteins from fetal Leydig cells and of bioactive inhibin from Sertoli cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Noguchi ◽  
H Hikono ◽  
S Sato ◽  
G Watanabe ◽  
K Taya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Related Proteins

The ontogeny of inhibin secretion in the testis of rats was investigated. Testicular localization, content of immunoactive and bioactive inhibin and its molecular size in fetal and neonatal rats (from 16 days of gestation to 5 days of age) were determined. Strong immunostaining with an antiserum against a polypeptide of porcine inhibin alpha-subunit was noted in testicular interstitial cells from 16 days of gestation. Co-localization of inhibin alpha-subunit and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) was observed in the interstitial cells until 2 days of age. Immunoreactive inhibin alpha-subunit in the interstitial tissue had disappeared by 5 days of age, although 3 beta HSD-positive cells were still detected. Weak immunostaining for the inhibin alpha-subunit was detected in the seminiferous tubules, probably in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, from 20 days of gestation onward. No inhibin alpha-subunit immunostaining was observed in germ cells throughout the experimental period. Testicular inhibin was detected at 16 days of gestation (49.5 +/- 6.7 pg per testis) by RIA. Testicular immunoreactive inhibin showed a tendency to increase during fetal life and levels were maintained at a similar value after birth (697.0 +/- 46.9 pg per testis at 5 days of age). Inhibin bioactivity and its molecular size in testicular homogenate was examined at 17 days of gestation and 0 and 5 days of age. Although no bioactivity was detected at 17 days of gestation, bioactivity was noted at 0 and 5 days of age (177.7 and 1303.9 pg per testis respectively). Immunoblot analysis with antiserum against inhibin alpha-subunit revealed only approximately 40 kDa molecular masses in the testis at 17 days of gestation, probably inhibin-related proteins, but not inhibin. At 0 and 5 days of age, a protein of 30 kDa molecular mass, possibly inhibin, was detected as well as material of approximately 40 kDa molecular mass. FSH in the plasma was first detected at 19 days of gestation (1197.0 ng/l), increased towards birth, and thereafter decreased (4588.5 +/- 572.3 ng/l at 21 days of gestation and 2400.0 +/- 179.6 ng/l at 5 days of age). These results indicate that Leydig cells in fetal and neonatal rats produce inhibin-related substances with no inhibin bioactivity, whereas Sertoli cells begin to produce inhibin during the perinatal period as a possible regulator of FSH secretion.

Male sterility and reduced female fertility in SCAPER-deficient mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. 2240-2249
Author(s):  
Yasmin Tatour ◽  
Hadas Bar-Joseph ◽  
Ruth Shalgi ◽  
Tamar Ben-Yosef
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Cyclin A ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Ciliary Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Mutations in S-phase cyclin A-associated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (SCAPER) cause a recessively inherited multisystemic disorder whose main features are retinal degeneration and intellectual disability. SCAPER, originally identified as a cell cycle regulator, was also suggested to be a ciliary protein. Because Scaper mutant males are sterile, we set up to characterize their phenotype. The testes of Scaper mutant mice are significantly smaller than those of WT mice. Histology revealed no signs of spermatogenesis, and seminiferous tubules contained mainly Sertoli cells with a few spermatogonia/spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). In WT testes, SCAPER is expressed by SSCs and in the various stages of spermatogenesis, as well as in Sertoli cells. In WT spermatozoa SCAPER is not expressed in the flagellum but rather in the head compartment, where it is found both in the nucleus and in the perinuclear region. Scaper mutant females present reduced fertility, manifested by a significantly smaller litter size compared to WT females. Mutant ovaries are similar in size but comprised of significantly less primordial and antral follicles, compared to WT ovaries, while the number of atretic follicles is significantly higher. In WT ovarian follicles SCAPER is expressed in the somatic granulosa cells as well as in the oocyte. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that SCAPER is a crucial component in both male and female reproductive systems. We hypothesize that the reproductive phenotype observed in Scaper mutant mice is rooted in SCAPER’s interaction with cyclin A/Cdk2, which play an important role, however different, in male and female gonads.

scholarly journals Two cases of freemartinism in Lacaune ewes

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
J. MENEGATOS (Ι. ΜΕΝΕΓΑΤΟΣ) ◽  
E. XYLOURI (Ε. ΞΥΛΟΥΡΗ) ◽  
A. AJOUTANTI (Α. ΑΓΙΟΥΤΑΝΤΗ) ◽  
O. SABATAKOU (Ο. ΣΑΜΠΑΤΑΚΟΥ) ◽  
E. PARASKEVAKOU (Ε. ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΑΚΟΥ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Male Sexual Behavior

In this study the anatomy of the genital system, the histology of gonads, the reproductive behavior and the chromosome examinations of two freemartin Lacaune ewes were described. The appearance of these ewes resembled that of a ram, but their external genitalia were female with an enlarged clitoris. The gonads were small testicles located subcutaneously in the prepubic region. In the case of the ewel the testicles were palpated with difficulty, while in ewe 2 they were almost atrophic. In both cases there were epididymides, but in ewe 2 the ends of vasa differentia were joined. In ewel there were vesicular and bulbo-urethral glands. In ewe 2 the vesicular glands were absent. The ewel had male sexual behavior, but the ewe 2 had a neutral one. The histological examination of the gonads of ewe 1 showed excessive development of the vassoconnective tissue, where a small number of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells were also visible. The gonads of ewe 2 showed excessive fibrosis. The results of chromosome examination showed chimaerism (54,XX/XY) in both cases. The XY cells were 63% and 61% for the ewes 1 and 2, respectively. The rest cells 37% and 39% were respectively XX ones.

Seasonal changes in testicular histology of brown bullheads, Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Burke ◽  
J. F. Leatherland
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Testicular Histology

The seasonal changes in the cytology of the anterior spermatogenic testis permitted the reproductive cycle of Ictalurus nebulosus Lesueur to be divided into four periods: (i) a prespawning period (mid-April to June), associated with an increased gonadosomatic index (GSI), when the overwintering secondary spermatocytes matured into biflagellate spermatids and spermatozoa, and there was an increased vacuolation of Leydig and Sertoli cells; (ii) a spawning period (June to mid-July), associated with a fall in GSI, when Leydig cell vacuolation was maintained, Sertoli cell size and vacuolation became maximal, and spermatozoa were released; (iii) a postspawning period (mid-July to mid-August) characterized by an increase in spermatogenic activity and ending when the seminiferous tubules were filled with secondary spermatocytes; and (iv) a resting (overwintering) period (mid-August to mid-April) when the seminiferous tubules were filled with secondary spermatocytes; quiescent spermatogonia were evident in decreasing numbers and Sertoli and Leydig cells were small and apparently inactive until late in the period. The posterior glandular testis similarly exhibited seasonal changes in size and vacuolation with peak activity associated with the spawning period.

scholarly journals Morphometry and morphology of nucleus of the Sertoli and interstitial cells of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1881) (Pisces: Characidae) during the reproductive cycle

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. O. Nakaghi ◽  
D. Mitsuiki ◽  
H. S. L. Santos ◽  
M. R. Pacheco ◽  
L. N. Ganeco
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Tissue Area

This study allowed the characterization of the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum testes structural organization, emphasizing Sertoli and interstitial cells and analyzing morphometrically the Sertoli cell nucleus diameter and the interstitial tissue area during the reproductive cycle. Fragments of tambaqui testes were collected in the following reproductive cycle stages: immature, resting, maturation I and II, mature, and regression, and were histologically processed. The Sertoli cells were found at the periphery of the cysts of germinative lineage cells and the nuclei were shown to be smaller as these cells developed. The interstitial cells were better observed between the seminiferous lobules next to vessels in the interstitial tissue of maturing testes.

OBSERVATIONS ON CADMIUM DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN RAT TESTES AND THE EFFECTS ON THE PITUITARY GONADOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ALLANSON ◽  
R. DEANESLY
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Germinal Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Single Subcutaneous Injection

SUMMARY Cadmium chloride, in a single subcutaneous injection, can destroy spermatogenic and interstitial cells in the rat testis (Pařízek, 1957) and produce changes in the pituitary. The interstitial tissue is restored by ingrowths from the tunica and full androgen secretion returns before there is any regeneration of germinal epithelium. A cytological study has been made of the peripheral and central pituitary gonadotrophs; the latter revert almost to normal as the interstitial tissue regenerates, whereas the former retain characteristic castration features, unless there is also regeneration of the germinal epithelium. This seems to indicate that in the normal testis there is a hormone contribution from the seminiferous tubules as well as from the interstitial cells. The long-term effects of cadmium on the testis depend on the dose. Early stages of tubule restoration have been studied, but after administration of 0·9 mg., actual proliferation of the germinal epithelium was rarely found—only in four out of twenty rats, 113 or 142 days after injection.

Sex chimaerism, fertility and sex determination in the mouse

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Patek ◽  
J.B. Kerr ◽  
R.G. Gosden ◽  
K.W. Jones ◽  
K. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Ovarian Surface Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Coelomic Epithelium

Adult intraspecific mouse chimaeras, derived by introducing male embryonal stem cells into unsexed host blastocysts, were examined to determine whether gonadal sex was correlated with the sex chromosome composition of particular cell lineages. The fertility of XX in equilibrium XY and XY in equilibrium XY male chimaeras was also compared. The distribution of XX and XY cells in 34 XX in equilibrium XY ovaries, testes and ovotestes was determined by in situ hybridisation using a Y-chromosome-specific probe. Both XX and XY cells were found in all gonadal somatic tissues but Sertoli cells were predominantly XY and granulosa cells predominantly XX. The sex chromosome composition of the tunica albuginea and testicular surface epithelium could not, in general, be fully resolved, owing to diminished hybridisation efficiency in these tissues, but the ovarian surface epithelium (which like the testicular surface epithelium derives from the coelomic epithelium) was predominantly XX. These findings show that the claim that Sertoli cells were exclusively XY, on which some previous models of gonadal sex determination were based, was incorrect, and indicate instead that in the mechanism of Sertoli cell determination there is a step in which XX cells can be recruited. However, it remains to be established whether the sex chromosome constitution of the coelomic epithelium lineage plays a causal role in gonadal sex determination. Male chimaeras with XX in equilibrium XY testes were either sterile or less fertile than chimaeras with testes composed entirely of XY cells. This impaired fertility was associated with the loss of XY germ cells in atrophic seminiferous tubules. Since this progressive lesion was correlated with a high proportion of XX Leydig cells, we suggest that XX Leydig cells are functionally defective, and unable to support spermatogenesis.

Development of the germ cells and reproductive primordia in male and female embryos of Rhodnius prolixus Stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Heming ◽  
E. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Pole Plasm ◽  
Blastodermal Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Newly deposited eggs of Rhodnius prolixus lack a visible pole plasm and require 14 days to develop at 27 °C and 70% RH. The first germ cells originate at 9% of embryogenesis by asynchronous mitosis of blastodermal cells behind the germ Anlage at the posterior pole of the egg. From 9 to 17%, these proliferate to a mean of 270 cells and, from 13 to 18%, migrate forward over the dorsal surface of the mesoderm and lodge in abdominal segments 3–7. Between 22 and 30%, they shift laterally and segregate into three or four paired clumps between segments 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 5 and 6, and, sometimes, 6 and 7 and, from 30 to 37%, gradually assemble into a continuous longitudinal mass on either side of segments 3–6, where they begin to associate with mesodermal cells. Between 37 and 46%, these collect between (males) and around the germ cells to form the rudiments of the terminal filaments (females), inner and outer gonadal sheaths, interstitial cells (males), and primary exit ducts. Dorsally situated sheath cells then invaginate ventrally into each gonadal rudiment, partitioning it into seven compartments, each containing a mean of 15 oogonia or 16 spermatogonia. These seem to fuse into a rosette, at least in females, but do not begin to divide again until after hatch. Excluded germ cells lodge within the rudiments of one or both exit ducts. The evolutionary and functional aspects of our findings are addressed and new observations are presented on the mechanism of anatrepsis.

CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLYSIS BY HOMOGENATES OF WHOLE TESTIS, SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES AND INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF MATURE RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. RENSTON ◽  
T. J. IHRIG ◽  
R. H. RENSTON ◽  
B. GONDOS ◽  
R. J. MORIN
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Cholesterol Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The characteristics and localization of a cholesterol ester hydrolase enzyme in homogenates of whole testis and in isolated seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells of mature rats have been investigated. Hydrolysis of cholesteryl [1-14C]oleate occurred at an optimum pH of 7·0 was linearly related to time up to 5–6 h of incubation and increased linearly up to 0·25 mg protein/incubation. Hydrolytic activity was inhibited by increasing the incubation temperature from 29 to 41 °C and by sonication. Cholesterol ester hydrolase activity/mg protein was three times greater in homogenates of seminiferous tubules than in interstitial cells. Cholesterol ester hydrolase may function to provide precursors for use in seminiferous tubular steroid hormone biosynthesis or germ cell maturation.

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