Numbers of granulocytes in thymic imprints of rabbits of different ages and degrees of coccidial parasitism

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362
Author(s):  
Jean E. Mills Westermann ◽  
Vibeke E. Engelbert
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Counts of granulocytes were performed on thymic imprints from normal rabbits 3 days old, 2–3 weeks old, and young adults, and from young adult rabbits mildly and severely parasitized with coccidiosis. Analyses of percentages of eosinophils, heterophils, and basophils indicated no sex differences. Comparisons of relative numbers of granulocytes in normal rabbits showed that young adult rabbits possessed more eosinophils and fewer basophils than the younger groups (no differences in heterophils); 3-day-old rabbits had more eosinophils than the 2-to 3-week animals (no differences in heterophils and basophils). No differences in relative numbers of the various granulocytes were found in the mildly and severely parasitized rabbits, but there was a decrease in eosinophils in the parasitized rabbits when compared with the young normal adult rabbits. Eosinophilic leukocytes were divided into two groups: the mononuclear "tissue" line and the lobated "blood" line of development. In the 3-day-old rabbits about 95% of eosinophils were of the lobed variety but in the older normal rabbits, the two developmental lines were about equal in numbers. When compared with the normal young adult rabbits, parasitized rabbits have increased percentages of "blood" eosinophils as a result of greater numbers of band and polymorphonuclear cells.

Recovery and perturbation of paw-shake responses in spinal cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sabin ◽  
J. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Adult Cats

Paw-shake responses (PSRs) were evoked by wrapping masking tape around the hind-paw in nine cats spinalized at the T12 level either at 2 or 12 wk of age or as young adults (10-12 mo). Electromyographic responses of ankle extensors (LG and SOL) and one ankle flexor (TA) were recorded through the 6th mo after cord transection. Activity of the LG was used to determine the cycle characteristics. Cycle characteristics did not differ among cats spinalized at different ages. The average PSR, consisting of 11 cycles with a cycle time of 85 ms, was similar to the PSR of normal adult cats (16). Activity in the TA and LG muscles alternated with the onset of the flexor burst occurring at 52% of the extensor cycle. Burst durations averaged 39 and 57 ms for LG and TA muscles, respectively. Relatively normal PSRs were evoked within 48 h following cordotomy of the young-adult cats; differences being that the responses were elicited less frequently with fewer and slightly longer cycle times than normal. Within 2 wk following cord transection, PSR parameters returned to normal values. In the spinal cats, the SOL was active during PSR, showing either tonic low-level activity or discrete bursts that were coactive with the LG. In normal adult cats, the slow extensor (SOL) is usually inactive (16). In spinal cats, participation of the SOL may depend on a conversion of muscle units from slow to fast contracting (8, 13) or on the absence of inhibition of slow motor units from descending tracts (11). Both mechanisms are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abstract 17015: Understanding Sex Differences With Cardiac Risk Factors in the Young Adult Population

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Davis ◽  
Kathryn A Wood ◽  
Jeannie Cimiotti ◽  
Melinda Higgins ◽  
Rebecca Gary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Heavy Alcohol ◽  
Cardiac Risk Factors ◽  
Cad Risk

Introduction: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is increasing in young adults (YA) (age<40 years), and greater understanding of their cardiac risk factors is essential to create effective preventive strategies. Given the sex differences for CAD observed in older adults, understanding if sex differences exist for CAD risk factors in YAs is important. Hypothesis: There will be several risk factors associated with CAD in YAs that will differ between men and women. Methods: In this secondary analysis, 125,017 YAs between the ages of 18-44 were evaluated for health conditions and behaviors considered to be risk factors for CAD. The 2017 Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System database from the Center for Disease Control was utilized. Frequency procedures, chi-square testing, and logistic regression modeling with odds ratios were analyzed using (SAS) 9.4 software. Results: Greater percentages of men (65.5%) than women (56.7%) were found to be overweight (BMI 25-30) or obese (BMI =>30) (p<.0001). Men reported higher rates of hypertension with 18.6% as compared to women with hypertension at 11.5% (p<.0001). High cholesterol and heavy alcohol consumption were characteristic of men in this sample with percentages at 17.8% for high cholesterol and 7.5% for heavy alcohol use. YAs between the ages of 40-44 were over 2 times as likely to develop CAD than those aged 18-24, odds ratio (OR) 2.4. YAs between the ages of 25-29 were least likely to develop CAD compared to 18-24 with the lowest OR 1.3. Overall, significant risk factors for developing CAD in this population were HTN (OR 4.1), age 35-44 (OR >2.2), high cholesterol (OR 2.2), smoking (OR 1.9), and prediabetes (OR 1.7). Physical activity (OR 0.6) and healthcare coverage (OR 0.7) were protective factors against CAD. There were 276 young adults in all who were diagnosed with CAD in this analysis. Conclusions: Greater efforts are needed to reduce the number of risk factors in YAs and prevent the development of CAD. There were significant gender differences noted in CAD risk factors within the YA population. Targeted interventions should include counseling as outlined in the American Heart Association Life’s Simple 7 Campaign in an effort to improve cardiovascular health in young adult men and women.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

JUVENTUDE, TRABALHO INFORMAL E SAÚDE MENTAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-144
Author(s):  
Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de Souza ◽  
Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira Lussi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Informal Workers

Estudos apontam que jovens podem exercer trabalhos informais por necessidade não por desejo pessoal, o que pode acarretar impactos negativos na saúde mental. O objetivo do artigo foi apontar abordagens, destacar problemáticas e realizar reflexões sobre juventude, trabalho informal e saúde mental, através do mapeamento de estudos científicos. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo pelo modelo de Arksey e O’Malley para mapear/sintetizar os estudos. Foram encontrados 51 artigos com a expressão: "informal work" OR "informal workers" OR "informal sector" OR "informal job" OR informality AND "mental health" AND "young adult" OR "young adults" OR young OR youth e 2640 teses e dissertações. Após as exclusões das duplicações, ensaios teóricos, revisões, trabalhos indisponíveis e estudos em que os títulos e resumos não abordavam a temática central, analisou-se 6 artigos científicos e 3 dissertações na íntegra. Os estudos são de anos diversos, a maioria quantitativos e investigam associações entre trabalhos informais/precários/desemprego e sintomas psiquiátricos. Questões geracionais não foram consideradas indicadoras de peculiaridades sobre o assunto nos artigos, mas duas dissertações trouxeram essa discussão. Foram inexistentes artigos que priorizam percepções do trabalhador sobre sua condição de trabalho/saúde, todavia, uma das dissertações analisadas abordou as condições sociais e o trabalho precário como sugestivos a problemas de saúde. Indica-se como necessário realizar reflexões que articulem saúde mental a condições políticas/socioeconômicas, considerando o trabalho como determinante de saúde/doença e a juventude como detentora de idiossincrasias que influenciam nas reflexões sobre o tema.

“I wouldn’t call them Muslims!”: Constructing a Respectable Islam

Numen ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 243-264
Author(s):  
Jonas Otterbeck
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
The Media ◽  
Mainstream Society

This article addresses the understanding of Islam of nine young adult Muslims living in the Malmö and Copenhagen region.1 Throughout the interviews with the young adults, they mark their distance from what they perceive as unacceptable forms of Islamic ideas and practices, labeling these ideas as extremist and inconsistent. They develop discursive techniques of distancing themselves from the mediated Islam of radicals and the often negative rendering of Islam that they encounter in daily life and in the media. By negotiating with the dominant discourse on what a “respectable religion” should look like, the young adults construct a religiosity that shares much of theformprescribed by mainstream society, but is different incontent. The theoretical framework is drawn from the study of sociology of religion and, in particular, from Beverley Skeggs’ theories on respectability (1997).

Navigating being a young adult with cerebral palsy: a qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Normann ◽  
Kirsten Arntz Boisen ◽  
Peter Uldall ◽  
Anne Brødsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
New Challenges

AbstractObjectivesYoung adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face potential challenges. The transition to young adulthood is characterized by significant changes in roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, young adults with chronic conditions face a transfer from pediatric care to adult healthcare. This study explores how living with CP affects young adults in general, and specifically which psychosocial, medical and healthcare needs are particularly important during this phase of life.MethodsA qualitative study with data from individual, semi-structured, in-depth interviews with six young adults with CP (ages 21–31 years) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed. The participants were selected to provide a maximum variation in age, gender, Gross Motor Function Classification System score and educational background. A descriptive thematic analysis was used to explore patterns and identify themes.ResultsThree themes were identified: “Being a Young Adult”, “Development in Physical Disability and New Challenges in Adulthood” and “Navigating the Healthcare System”. The three themes emerged from 15 sub-themes. Our findings emphasized that young adults with CP faced psychosocial challenges in social relationships, participation in education and work settings and striving towards independence. The transition to young adulthood led to a series of new challenges that the young adults were not prepared for. Medical challenges included managing CP-related physical and cognitive symptoms and navigating adult health care services, where new physicians with insufficient knowledge regarding CP were encountered.ConclusionThe young adults with CP were not prepared for the challenges and changes they faced during their transition into adulthood. They felt that they had been abandoned by the healthcare system and lacked a medical home. Better transitional care is urgently needed to prepare them for the challenges in young adulthood.

scholarly journals A vulnerable age group: the impact of cancer on the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. E. van Erp ◽  
H. Maurice-Stam ◽  
L. C. M. Kremer ◽  
W. J. E. Tissing ◽  
H. J. H. van der Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to increase our understanding of the psychosocial well-being of young adult childhood cancer survivors (YACCS) as well as the positive and negative impacts of cancer. Methods YACCS (aged 18–30, diagnosed ≤ 18, time since diagnosis ≥ 5 years) cross-sectionally filled out the “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Young Adults” (PedsQL-YA), “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS), and “Checklist Individual Strengths” (CIS-20R) to measure fatigue and survivor-specific “Impact of Cancer - Childhood Survivors” (IOC-CS), which measures the long-term impact of childhood cancer in several domains. Descriptive statistics (IOC-CS), logistic regression (HADS, CIS-20R), and ANOVA (PedsQL-YA, HADS, CIS-20R) were performed. Associations between positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer and psychosocial outcomes were examined with linear regression analyses. Results YACCS (N = 151, 61.6% female, mean age 24.1 ± 3.6, mean time since diagnosis 13.6 ± 3.8) reported lower HRQOL (− .4 ≤ d ≤ − .5, p ≤ .001) and more anxiety (d = .4, p ≤ .001), depression (d = .4, p ≤ .01), and fatigue (.3 ≤ d ≤ .5, p ≤ .001) than young adults from the general Dutch population. They were at an increased risk of experiencing (sub)clinical anxiety (OR = 1.8, p = .017). YACCS reported more impact on scales representing a positive rather than negative impact of CC. Various domains of impact of childhood cancer were related to psychosocial outcomes, especially “Life Challenges” (HRQOL β = − .18, anxiety β = .36, depression β = .29) and “Body & Health” (HRQOL β = .27, anxiety β = − .25, depression β = − .26, fatigue β = − .47). Conclusion YACCS are vulnerable to psychosocial difficulties, but they also experience positive long-term impacts of childhood cancer. Positive and negative impacts of childhood cancer were associated with psychosocial outcomes in YACCS. Screening of psychosocial outcomes and offering targeted interventions are necessary to optimize psychosocial long-term follow-up care for YACCS.

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