Dualistic spawning behaviour of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Pisces: Labridae), in Bonne Bay, Newfoundland

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1582-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Pottle ◽  
John M. Green ◽  
Guy Martel
Keyword(s):  
Tautogolabrus Adspersus ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Blue Phase ◽  
Recorded Occurrence

Group spawning and pair spawning cunners, Tautogolabrus adspersus, were studied at Bonne Bay, Newfoundland. This is the first recorded occurrence of both types of spawning behaviour of this species at a single location. Group spawning occurred within aggregations of 30 to > 150 fish. Cunners in group spawning aggregations ranged in length from 80 to 180 mm. Those with brown phase colouration outnumbered those with male nuptial (blue phase) colouration by at least 3:1. All courtship was initiated by males with nuptial colouration, but some brown-phase males participated in group spawnings. Pair spawning involved territorial males and was observed within 5 m of an aggregation in which group spawning was occurring. Territorial males were larger than 200 mm and had nuptial colouration. They were not observed where small (< 180 mm) cunners were most abundant. Group spawning occurred in the afternoon, being most frequent between 1800 and 1900 hours.

scholarly journals An investigation of the spawning behaviour of the chokka squid Loligo reynaudii and the potential effects of temperature using acoustic telemetry

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Downey ◽  
Michael J. Roberts ◽  
Dan Baird
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Telemetry ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Continuous Presence ◽  
Receiver Arrays ◽  
Spawning Sites

Abstract Downey, N. J., Roberts, M. J., and Baird, D. 2010. An investigation of the spawning behaviour of the chokka squid Loligo reynaudii and the potential effects of temperature using acoustic telemetry. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 231–243. Spawning aggregations of chokka squid are influenced by environmental conditions. Acoustic telemetry was used to monitor the behaviour of spawning squid in relation to environmental variability. During the November squid-fishery closed seasons of 2003–2006, hexagonal VR2 receiver arrays were moored on and around active spawning aggregations in Kromme Bay, South Africa. In all, 45 squid were tagged (V9P-6L-S256 transmitters) and released within these arrays. Three presence–absence behaviours were identified: (i) arrival on the spawning site at dawn and departure after dusk, (ii) continuous presence for a number of days, and (iii) presence interrupted by frequent but short periods of absence. Movement between spawning sites was both diurnal and nocturnal. Squid presence at the monitored sites increased after dawn and decreased towards and after dusk. Occasionally, a core aggregation of squid remained on the spawning sites at night. Temperature data at the sites indicated occasional upwelling, and although the role of temperature in the spawning process is not well understood, data suggest that it is linked to the continuation and or interruption of spawning after an aggregation has formed. The initial formation of spawning aggregations appears to be triggered by upwelling events.

Field observations on the reproductive behaviour of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum), in Newfoundland

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Pottle ◽  
John M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Tautogolabrus Adspersus ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
Conception Bay ◽  
Courtship Displays ◽  
Labrid Species

Courtship behaviour and pair spawning of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum) were observed in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, during midsummer of 1977 and 1978. Courtship displays were recorded between 0600 and 2100 hours and spawns between 1300 and 2100 hours. The frequency of both courtship behaviour and spawns varied with the time of day. Spawning, but not courtship, is correlated with the tidal cycle. Spawns occur most often during the mid flood to high-tide phase of the eye le. Fish of both sexes are capable of multiple spawns per day. Both territorial and non territorial males acquire nuptial colouration between emergence from overwintering torpor and the start of the spawning season. Nonterritorial males are vigorously excluded from territories by the resident males and appear to contribute little to the reproductive effort of the population. Courtship and spawning occur only within male's territories. Group spawning was not observed. Sexual dichromatism and reproductive behaviour in the cunner are discussed with reference to other labrid species.

scholarly journals Spatial and seasonal variation in reproductive characteristics and spawning of southern calamary (Sepioteuthis australis): spreading the mortality risk

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Moltschaniwskyj ◽  
Michael A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Oyster Bay

Abstract Southern calamary (Sepioteuthis australis) in Tasmania form spawning aggregations in Great Oyster Bay on the central east coast of Tasmania during spring/summer; these are targeted by commercial fishers. However, it is not known if there are similar aggregations farther south in Tasmania or at other times of the year, mainly because the species lives for less than a year. Therefore, this study describes and identifies differences in reproductive ecology of southern calamary on the east and southeast coasts of Tasmania, by sampling adults and surveying egg masses at inshore sites in both regions. Inshore populations on both coasts showed a similar seasonal trend of large gonosomatic index, reproductive output, and body size, and of greatest abundance during spring, and lowest in autumn. The number of egg masses was higher on the east coast, where mature calamary formed large spawning aggregations during spring and summer. However, there were no such aggregations during winter or autumn. Along the southeast coast, spawning activity was sporadic, resulting in isolated, low density, egg patches deposited over broader areas during spring, summer, and winter. There was no evidence of areas of seagrass or macroalgae associated with large depositions of egg masses at any time on the southeast coast. It appears that, by adopting different spawning behaviour in different locations and seasons, southern calamary may spread the risk of mortality in both space and time. The biological significance of this is unclear, particularly with respect to understanding the mechanisms that drive the development of spawning aggregations. Both spatial and seasonal spawning patterns appear to result from specific use of inshore sites at certain times of the year.

Gonad development and spawning behaviour of artificially-matured European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan Palstra ◽  
Louise Verschoor ◽  
Vincent van Ginneken ◽  
Olivier Lugten ◽  
Marjolijn Onderwater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Development ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
European Eel ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Group Spawning ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
First Time

AbstractGonadal development and spawning behaviour of artificially-matured European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) was studied. Treatment of males with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG; 1 IU g/week) resulted in a Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) of 10.88 ± 3.39 and spermiation. Treatment of females with carp Pituitary suspension (cPs) (20 mg cPs/kg body weight per week) resulted in oogenesis with a GSI of 20.0 ± 11.3 (n = 7), and the number of eggs per female was 1874 * 103 ± 1116 * 103; (n = 7). Ovulation of the females was induced with 17α, 20β dihydroxyprogesteron (DHP) at 2 μg/g bodyweight. Eggs of European eel were found to be non-sticky and typically pelagic. Maximum speed of eggs rising to the surface in a water column was 2.24 ± 0.33 metres (m) per hour (h). To study behaviour in a qualitative way, two females were used together with three groups of three males. During a 283 minute (min) observation of the two females, we observed female-female interaction: 'lethargic behaviour' (33.6%) vs. 'cruising together' (66.4%). In the period when males and females were together (188 min), we observed 'approaching the head region of the female' (57.7%), 'touching the operculum' (39.4%), or 'approaching the urogenital area' (2.9%) by the males (total 725 seconds (s)). Sperm release in the presence of a female took 115 s of the total approaching time of 725 s (15.9%), while in the case of male-male interaction this was only 15 s of the total period of 116 s (12.9%). Induced spawning behaviour of eels was collective and simultaneous, corresponding to spawning in a group. This is the first time group spawning behaviour has ever been observed and recorded in eels.

Validity of Proxy-Based Reports of Impulsivity and Aggression in Chinese Research on Suicidal Behavior

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing An ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Community Controls

Background: In studies about the risk factors for suicidal behavior, the assessment of impulsiveness and aggression often depend on information from proxy informants. Aims: To assess the validity of proxy informants’ reports on impulsiveness and aggression in China. Methods: Modified Chinese versions of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-CV) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV) were administered to 131 suicide attempters treated at a hospital in rural China, to coresident relatives about the attempters, to 131 matched community controls, and to coresident relatives about the controls. Results: BIS-CV and AQ-CV total scores and subscale scores were all significantly higher for suicide attempters than for matched controls. Proxy informants considered subjects slightly more impulsive and aggressive than the subjects reported themselves. Subject-proxy concordance for total BIS-CV and AQ-CV scores were excellent for both attempters and controls (ICCs = 0.76–0.83). Concordance for the three BIS-CV subscales was 0.74–0.81 for attempters and 0.74–0.83 for controls. Concordance for the five AQ-CV subscales was 0.66–0.85 for attempters and 0.56–0.82 for controls. Limitations: Results are based on respondents from a single location in rural China. Conclusions: The results support the validity of the BIS-CV and AQ-CV and of research on suicidal behavior in China that uses proxy-based reports of impulsiveness and aggression.

Dynamic response of a blue phase to an applied field

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803-1809
Author(s):  
V. K. Dolganov ◽  
G. Heppke ◽  
H.-S. Kitzerow
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Blue Phase

scholarly journals Diffusionless transformation of soft cubic superstructure from amorphous to simple cubic and body-centered cubic phases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Wenzhe Liu ◽  
Bo Guan ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Photonic Materials ◽  
Simple Cubic ◽  
Cubic Phases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Blue Phase ◽  
Blue Phases ◽  
Temperature Window

AbstractIn a narrow temperature window in going from the isotropic to highly chiral orders, cholesteric liquid crystals exhibit so-called blue phases, consisting of different morphologies of long, space-filling double twisted cylinders. Those of cubic spatial symmetry have attracted considerable attention in recent years as templates for soft photonic materials. The latter often requires the creation of monodomains of predefined orientation and size, but their engineering is complicated by a lack of comprehensive understanding of how blue phases nucleate and transform into each other at a submicrometer length scale. In this work, we accomplish this by intercepting nucleation processes at intermediate stages with fast cross-linking of a stabilizing polymer matrix. We reveal using transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron small-angle X-ray diffraction, and angle-resolved microspectroscopy that the grid of double-twisted cylinders undergoes highly coordinated, diffusionless transformations. In light of our findings, the implementation of several applications is discussed, such as temperature-switchable QR codes, micro-area lasing, and fabrication of blue phase liquid crystals with large domain sizes.

scholarly journals Shear-enhanced elasticity in the cubic blue phase I

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Fujii ◽  
Oliver Henrich
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Blue Phase
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