Crawling behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator and foraging by Semipalmated Sandpipers, Calidris pusilla

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sherman Boates ◽  
Peter C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Intertidal Mudflat ◽  
Sharp Reduction ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Calidris Pusilla ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

During late spring and summer, the crawling behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator was studied on an intertidal mudflat in the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia. On average, less than 1% of the population crawled on any tide and these individuals tended to be large adults that were predominantly males. Animals emerged as the tide receded but most had crawled into burrows after 25 min. The crawling behaviour did not seem to be related to the lunar cycle as was expected; however, there was a sharp reduction in crawling activity (from 36.3 to 1.2 amphipods/m2) in July that coincided with the arrival of Semipalmated Sandpipers, Calidris pusilla, an abundant seasonal predator. The proportion of males in the amphipod population declined during the period when sandpipers were present. It appears that both a change in amphipod behaviour and depletion of the animals most prone to crawling may contribute to the observed reduction in crawling activity. Qualitative and quantitative evidence show that sandpipers were attracted to the tide edge where crawling amphipods were relatively abundant and that they increased their food intake by doing so.

Variation in diet of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) during stopover in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1181-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Quinn ◽  
D.J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpiper ◽  
Calidris Pusilla ◽  
Isotope Analyses ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

Semipalmated Sandpipers ( Calidris pusilla (L., 1766)) use the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, as a critical stopover site during their annual fall migration to wintering grounds in South America. While in the area, they feed extensively on mudflat invertebrates. Historically the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) has been thought to make up the majority of their diet. However, we have recently observed flexibility in foraging behaviour and prey selection by sandpipers. The extent of this flexibility and the current diet composition is unknown. To address these knowledge gaps, we assessed Semipalmated Sandpiper diets using stable isotope analyses of blood plasma and available prey items. Data were collected in two arms of the Bay of Fundy during summer 2009 and 2010. Diets fluctuated between years and sites, but in all cases the diet was much more diverse than previously thought. Polychaetes and biofilm made substantial contributions, and C. volutator was still present in the diet, but at much reduced levels than previously noted. This previously unrecognized inclusion of biofilm in the diet is consistent with recent observations of other calidrid shorebirds. Based on measures of prey availability, there is little evidence of preference for C. volutator.

Transmission of Skrjabinoclava morrisoni Wong and Anderson, 1988 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) to semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla (L.)) (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2265-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Wong ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Marine Amphipod ◽  
Experimental Bird ◽  
Calidris Pusilla ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

Skrjabinoclava morrisoni Wong and Anderson, 1988 of the proventriculus of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla (L.)) developed to the infective stage in the marine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas). The first moult occurred 8 d and the second, 11 d postinfection at 20 °C. In the final host, fourth-stage larvae were recovered from one experimental bird examined 8 d postinfection. Juvenile birds collected at Long Point, Ontario, were not infected with S. morrisoni suggesting that transmission may not occur on the breeding ground. Transmission occurs, however, in the Canadian Maritimes and the Gulf of Mexico, as evidenced by the presence of juvenile S. morrisoni in birds collected on Grand Manan Island, New Brunswick, and birds recently arrived at Delta Marsh, Manitoba, from the Gulf Coast.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition and concentration of alternative food of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Quinn ◽  
D.J. Hamilton ◽  
C.E. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Corophium Volutator ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Calidris Pusilla ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla (L., 1766)) that migrate through the upper Bay of Fundy, Canada, depend on a rich food supply to fuel their continued migration. Although past studies have reported a diet dominated by the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766), an animal rich in n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), recent evidence suggests that sandpiper diets are broad. This is beneficial in that it allows Semipalmated Sandpipers to respond to a changing food base, but quality of food is also important. PUFAs are important in providing the energy required by migrating birds and may play a role in migratory preparation. We assessed fatty acid (FA) concentrations and proportions in three common food items. We found that polychaetes should adequately meet the needs of migrating sandpipers in terms of FA composition. Concentrations of FAs in biofilm were low, but proportionally, n–3 PUFAs were well represented, particularly in biofilm collected in Shepody Bay, where it forms a substantial part of the sandpiper diet. Therefore, provided that birds can consume a sufficient volume of biofilm, it is also probably a suitable source of essential FAs. Our results suggest that Semipalmated Sandpipers in the Bay of Fundy can meet their FA needs with a variety of dietary options.

Joint displays for qualitative-quantitative synthesis in mixed methods reviews

2021 ◽  
pp. 263208432098437
Author(s):  
Ahtisham Younas ◽  
Shahzad Inayat ◽  
Amara Sundus
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Levels Of Integration

Mixed methods reviews offer an excellent approach to synthesizing qualitative and quantitative evidence to generate more robust implications for practice, research, and policymaking. There are limited guidance and practical examples concerning the methods for adequately synthesizing qualitative and quantitative research findings in mixed reviews. This paper aims to illustrate the application and use of joint displays for qualitative and quantitative synthesis in mixed methods reviews. We used joint displays to synthesize and integrate qualitative and quantitative research findings in a segregated mixed methods review about male nursing students' challenges and experiences. In total, 36 qualitative, six quantitative, and one mixed-methods study was appraised and synthesized in the review. First, the qualitative and quantitative findings were analyzed and synthesized separately. The synthesized findings were integrated through tabular and visual joint displays at two levels of integration. At the first level, a statistics theme display was developed to compare the synthesized qualitative and quantitative findings and the number of studies from which the findings were generated. At the second level, the synthesized qualitative and quantitative findings supported by each other were integrated to identify confirmed, discordant, and expanded inferences using generalizing theme display. The use of two displays allowed in a robust and comprehensive synthesis of studies. Joint displays could serve as an excellent method for rigorous and transparent synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings and the generation of adequate and relevant inferences in mixed methods reviews.

Elite Parties and Poor Voters: Theory and Evidence from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARIQ THACHIL
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Religious Social Movements ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Electoral Division

Why do poor people often vote against their material interests? This article extends the study of this global paradox to the non-Western world by considering how it manifests within India, the world's biggest democracy. Arguments derived from studies of advanced democracies (such as values voting) or of poor polities (such as patronage and ethnic appeals) fail to explain this important phenomenon. Instead, I outline a novel strategy predicated on an electoral division of labor enabling elite parties to recruit the poor while retaining the rich. Recruitment is outsourced to nonparty affiliates that provide basic services to appeal to poor communities. Such outsourcing permits the party to maintain programmatic linkages to its elite core. Empirically, I test this argument with qualitative and quantitative evidence, including a survey of more than 9,000 voters. Theoretically, I argue that this approach is best suited to elite parties with thick organizations, typically those linked to religious social movements.

Media Manipulation in Interwar France: Evidence from the Archive of Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, 1914–1937

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36
Author(s):  
MARC FLANDREAU ◽  
FRÉDÉRIC ZUMER
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political History ◽  
Investment Bank ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Media Control ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Information ◽  
Media Manipulation

AbstractThis article shows how one can read political history from evidence on corporate corruption. The study exploits newly discovered archival material from Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas, a politically connected investment bank. We contribute to current research by replacing existing conjectures with precise qualitative and quantitative evidence. After reviewing previous works and providing a sketch of information repression and media control in France during the interwar period, we argue that the study of patterns of ‘informational criminality’ provides an original entry to the writing of political history and the history of information.

scholarly journals Tariffs and the textile trade between Brazil and Britain (1808-1860)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-342
Author(s):  
Thales Augusto Zamberlan Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Textile Trade ◽  
Monetary Instability

Abstract The commercial treaty with Britain in 1810, along the authorization of foreign trade in ports in 1808, are among the most important institutional changes in nineteenth century Brazil. The 1810 treaty lowered tariffs for British manufactures while maintaining high tariffs in Britain for Brazilian sugar and coffee. These terms are generally viewed as disastrous for the Brazilian economy, although there is still limited quantitative information about how much the tariff affected the demand for British imports. This paper provides new qualitative and quantitative evidence on the operation and effect of Brazil’s imports tariffs in the period. I find that the effect of the tariffs is different from what traditional literature assumes. First, the monetary instability in the 1820s and conflicts over product price assessment often led the de facto tariff to be higher than the 15 percent established by the treaty. Second, even with higher rates, quantitative analysis shows they did not have decrease imports of British textiles.

From dynamic modal to conditional protasis connective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueh Hsin Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Modals ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Do So

Abstract The grammaticalization literature has not demonstrated convincingly how, if at all, dynamic modals may develop into conditional protasis connectives. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative evidence from Chinese, this paper hypothesizes that such a directionality may arise through univerbation between dynamic modals and protasis connectives (e.g. ruò ‘if’ + néng ‘be able to’ > ruònéng ‘if’). Furthermore, this paper suggests that functional compatibility in terms of performativity may explain why dynamic modals tend to grammaticalize into connectives in pre-established conditional protases, while deontic and epistemic modals do so in main clauses.

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