Do molting birds renovate their skeletons as well as their plumages? Osteoporosis during the annual molt in sparrows

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Murphy ◽  
Todd G. Taruscio ◽  
James R. King ◽  
Sharon G. Truitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Subtle Change ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Void Area ◽  
Scanning Electron

Four decades ago two independent investigators reported a pronounced osteoporosis during the molt in several species of birds. With the exception of reports of statistically stable dry masses of bones in molting waterfowl this cyclic osteoporosis has received little additional attention. Using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy we surveyed the tarsometatarsi and tibiotarsi of White-crowned Sparrows during winter and during the molt. A subtle change in bone metabolism appears coincident with the postnuptial molt in well-nourished White-crowned Sparrows. This is evident from (i) the appearance of the bone in cross section, (ii) decreases during the molt in bone density (g/mL), and (iii) increases during the molt in both the ratio of marrow-cavity area to total bone area and in the void area per unit area of cortical bone. Renovation of the bone during the molt in White-crowned Sparrows, however, appears either to proceed at a slower pace or to be less extensive than previously reported for other avian species.

Bioactivity of Plasma-Sprayed Diopside Coating In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chang Xue ◽  
Chuan Xian Ding ◽  
Cong Cao ◽  
Yuqi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Human Osteoblast ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new bioceramic coating based on diopside was prepared by plasma spraying. The surface and cross-section microstructure of the coating were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal expansion coefficient of the diopside coating measured by a dilatometer adapted to that of titanium alloy. The bond strength of the coating was about 32.5 MPa, which is higher than that of HA coatings used in orthopedics and dentistry. The bioactivity of diopside coating was evaluated in vitro. After 15 days soaking in simulated body fluid, an apatite layer was formed on the surface of the coating. The cytocompatibility was investigated by studying the behaviour of human osteoblast cultured directly onto the surface of the coating. MTT assay was performed to assess the influence of the coating on cell proliferation. The morphologies of the cell were observed by SEM after incubation for 1 and 7 days. The results obtained indicated that plasma sprayed diopside coating may be a suitable candidate for bone and dental implant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of high-temperature corrosion on 13CrMo4-5 steel operated in the power industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Monika Gwoździk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents results of studies of steel and the oxide layer formed during a long-term operation (t=130,000h) on 13CrMo4-5 steel at an elevated temperature (T=455°C). The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the inner site of the pipe (in the flowing medium – steam side). The paper contains results of studies such as: light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis.

scholarly journals Experimental Study On Antibacterial Properties of Iodine-Coated Implant in Acute Osteomyelitis Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiqi Zhuang ◽  
Weibing Yang ◽  
Yongquan Zhang ◽  
Wanming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Acute Osteomyelitis ◽  
Marrow Cavity ◽  
Coated Implant ◽  
K Wires ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Purpose We have developed a iodine-coated implant and evaluated its antibacterial properties against Gram-negative bacteria by constructing an experimental osteomyelitis model.Methods In this study, 16 titanium Kirschner-wires were selected, of which 8 titanium K-wires were treated with iodine on the surface by electrophoretic deposition with PVP-I solution. In our study, the standard strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) was selected, and 16 New Zealand rabbits were selected. There were 8 rabbits in the iodine-coated group and 8 rabbits in the non-iodine-coated group. All animals were drilled in the left proximal tibia after successful anesthesia.After that,the iodine-coated group was implanted with iodine-coated titanium K-wires.Then, 25ul of 2×108CFU/ml bacterial suspension was injected into the bone marrow cavity with pipette gun, and the bone hole was sealed with bone wax.They were reared in cages for 1 week after operation, and evaluated and analyzed by microbiology, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy, etc.Results The results of gross wound score and microbiology showed that the wound infection of the iodine-coated group was less severe than that of the non-iodine-coated group, which was confirmed by the histopathological results. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy showed that the amount of bacteria on the surface of iodine-coated K-wires was significantly lower than that non-iodine-coated K-wires. Conclusions In this study, we have verified that the iodine-coated titanium implant could effectively inhibit E. coli infection in the early stage of infection by constructing an acute osteomyelitis model.

Effects of Ultrasonic Impact Treatment on Performance of Armor Steel Welded Joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Ge Zhou Li ◽  
Xin Yuan Zhou ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Yan Fei Huang ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Steel Weld ◽  
Ultrasonic Impact Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Armor Steel ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the armor steel welds were treated by ultrasonic impact equipment. The stress, hardness and cross section morphologies of the samples under different impact frequencies were measured by electrolytic polishing machines, X-ray stress analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that a clear grain refinement layer is formed on the surface of armored steel weld after ultrasonic impact treatment. Its hardness and residual stress all significantly improve. The ultrasonic impact treatment of different frequencies has greatly affect on ultrasonic impact effect, the higher the frequencies are, the better the ultrasonic impact effects are.

SEM and AFM Studies on the Surface and Cross Section Morphology of Rayon-Based Activated Carbon Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Xue Wang ◽  
Hao Han ◽  
Li Wei Li ◽  
Hai Yu Quan ◽  
Yan Ping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
External Section ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface and cross section morphology of rayon-based carbon fibers (RCF) and the resulting rayon-based activated carbon fibers (RACF) were investigated through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was found that the surface of RCF exhibited grooves and striations with the width ranging from 30 to 90 nm, and the striation distribution was about 25 bars per µm around the circumference. While on the RACF, lots of pores emerged on the surface and superficial cross section (about 1 ~ 2 µm to the surface), namely, the external section was porosity but the interior section was close-grained. It was detected that the pore sizes ranged from 50 to 550 nm and the approximate pore distribution was 10 pores in 1×1 µm2. Furthermore, the walls of pores were not smooth but consisted of continuous grains with the diameters about 30 nm.

Electron penetration effects in the Scanning Electron Microscope applied to Cu/Ta thin films

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
P. Bailey ◽  
K. Holloway ◽  
L. Clevenger ◽  
N. Bojarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Contact Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Current semi-conductor technology uses low-resistivity metals, as Cu, for integrated circuit conductor lines and contact structures. Copper, however, is quite mobile in silicon at elevated processing temperatures and a diffusion barrier such as Ta, is therefore required between the Si and Cu. The interdiffusion of Cu and Si with Ta as a diffusion barrier was studied in samples annealed between 500°C and 800“C, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Secondary electron images obtained in the SEM, from 5keV to 25keV accelerating voltages were correlated to the structural information obtained by cross-section TEM. This work showed that annealing produced a compositionally non-uniform underlayer beneath the Ta film, and that the technique of varying the accelerating voltage in the SEM provides a means of quickly obtaining such information about underlying structures.

A Novel Method to Analyze the Deep Trench Capacitors in DRAM

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Lee ◽  
Kuo-Hui Huang ◽  
Jen-Lang Lue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Etching Solution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A novel method has been developed to reveal the entire three dimensional (3D) deep trench (DT) capacitors for inspection in DRAM, especially NO capacitor dielectrics, ASG residues at corners, morphology etc., for process evaluation and failure analysis. It offers an alternative to conventional cross-section polishing, top down polishing or FIB milling methods. A DRAM chip was ground and polished down to a certain level from the chip backside. An etching solution was then applied to enhance the DTs appearance. 3D DTs can be inspected in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The entire DTs or specific DT also can be lifted out for detailed investigation in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The innovation of this technique is to provide a quick 3D observation in SEM, and much more flexibility to an entire DT inspection in TEM, which were not presented before.

Histological and Radiographic Evaluation of Equine Bone Structure after Implantation of Castor Oil Polymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 405-412
Author(s):  
Mariana Selim ◽  
Lara Facó ◽  
Stefano Filippo Hagen ◽  
André De Zoppa ◽  
Victor Arana Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Biopsy ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of a vegetal polymeric biomaterial intended for bone substitution in horses and to investigate the responses of the equine third metacarpal bone to biomaterial implantation. Materials and Methods Six horses were submitted to osteotomy on the dorsal aspect of the left and right third metacarpal bones; one bone defect was randomly selected for treatment with biopolymer, while the other was left untreated and served as a control. Bone density was monitored radiographically after surgery and bone biopsy fragments were collected at the end of the 120-day follow-up period. Biopsy fragments were analysed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Results Mean bone density values (mmAL) were greater in control defects (16.33 ± 1.6) than in polymer-treated defects (14.17 ± 1.7) at 120 days (p = 0.027). Light microscopy revealed greater percentages of new bone formation in control defects (50.15 ± 14.8) than in polymer treated defects (26.94 ± 12.1) at 120 days (p < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggested a similar quality of pre-existing bone and new bone formed in the presence of biomaterial. Clinical Significance The absence of adverse reactions supports biomaterial biocompatibility and osteoconducting capacity and suggests the castor oil polymer is a suitable bone substitute for the treatment of bone defects in horses.

Experimental Study on Bionic Surface Based on the Compound Eye of Ant

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Wu Zhang ◽  
Yu Xing Wang ◽  
Yan Qin Tang ◽  
Wen Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Bionic Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Surface Plate ◽  
Typical Soil

To study the resistance-reducing effect of bionic surface on cone of screw pile for preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency, a number of bionic surface plates were designed based on the unsmoothed surface morphology of compound eye of ant, a typical soil animal. By using of scanning electron microscopy technology, it was found that the compound eye of ant was made of a lot of small convex eyes. These small convex eyes were arranged in dense style. On the surface of compound eye of ant, there were waveform characteristics. The cross section of compound eye was waveform curve which had continuous periods and amplitudes. Based on these characteristics, experiments of trolley were designed, including an orthogonal experiment for bionic surface plate and the contrast between bionic surface plate and smoothed plate. The results of trolley experiments showed that within the experimental factors and levels, the vertical loads on bionic surface plate and convex diameter produced greater effect of resistance-reducing.

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