The relationship between annual survival rate and migration distance in mallards: an examination of the time-allocation hypothesis for the evolution of migration

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2021-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay B. Hestbeck ◽  
James D. Nichols ◽  
James E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Migration Chronology ◽  
And Migration

Predictions of the time-allocation hypothesis were tested with several a posteriori analyses of banding data for the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The time-allocation hypothesis states that the critical difference between resident and migrant birds is their allocation of time to reproduction on the breeding grounds and survival on the nonbreeding grounds. Residents have higher reproduction and migrants have higher survival. Survival and recovery rates were estimated by standard band-recovery methods for banding reference areas in the central United States and central Canada. A production-rate index was computed for each reference area with data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service May Breeding Population Survey and July Production Survey. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of migration distance and time period (decade) on survival, recovery, and production rates. Differences in migration chronology were tested by comparing direct-recovery distributions for different populations during the fall migration. Differences in winter locations were tested by comparing distributions of direct recoveries reported during December and January. A strong positive relationship was found between survival rate and migration distance for 3 of the 4 age and sex classes. A weak negative relationship was found between recovery rate and migration distance. No relationship was found between production rate and migration distance. During the fall migration, birds from the northern breeding populations were located north of birds from the southern breeding populations. No pattern could be found in the relative locations of breeding and wintering areas. Although our finding that survival rate increased with migration distance was consistent with the time-allocation hypothesis, our results on migration chronology and location of wintering areas were not consistent with the mechanism underlying the time-allocation hypothesis. Neither this analysis nor other recent studies of life-history characteristics of migratory and resident birds supported the time-allocation hypothesis.

scholarly journals Males migrate farther than females in a differential migrant: an examination of the fasting endurance hypothesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 140346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Gow ◽  
Karen L. Wiebe
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
The North ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Migration Strategies ◽  
And Migration

Patterns of migration including connectivity between breeding and non-breeding populations and intraspecific variation in the distance travelled are important to study because they can affect individual fitness and population dynamics. Using data from 182 band recoveries across North America and 17 light-level geolocators, we examined the migration patterns of the northern flicker ( Colaptes auratus ), a migratory woodpecker. This species is unusual among birds because males invest more in parental care than females. Breeding latitude was positively correlated to migration distance because populations in the north appeared to travel farther distances than southern populations to find wintering locations with little snow cover. Connectivity was strong for populations west and east of the Continental Divide. Contrary to the three main hypotheses for intraspecific variation in migration distance, females wintered, on average, farther north than males, although there was overlap throughout their non-breeding range. This pattern contradicts those of other species found to date and is most consistent with the fasting endurance hypothesis if investment in parental care depletes the energy reserves of male flickers more than females. We thus propose a new factor, parental effort, which may influence optimal wintering areas and migration strategies within birds, and encourage future experimental studies to test the relationship between parental care roles and migration strategies of the sexes.

scholarly journals Migration chronology of Eastern-Population Tundra Swans

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Petrie ◽  
K L Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Satellite Platform ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Migration Chronology ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migratory Movements

We used satellite platform transmitting transmitters (PTTs) in 1998–2000 to track spring and fall migratory movements of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) captured at Long Point, Ontario. Migration corridors reported here corroborated those identified in previous studies using alphanumerically coded neck collars. However, PTTs provided additional information on duration of spring and fall migrations, duration of stay in different staging regions, time spent on breeding and wintering areas, and migration speed. Birds migrated between the Atlantic coast and northern prairies along a narrow geographic corridor through portions of the southern Great Lakes. From the northern prairies, swans followed 3 corridors to breeding areas on the west coast of Hudson Bay, central High Arctic, and Mackenzie River delta. While swans spent considerable time on Great Lakes (27% of spring migration) and northern prairie (40%) staging areas in spring, the northern boreal forest was an important fall staging area (48% of fall migration). Tundra Swans spent 20% of the annual cycle on wintering areas, 28% on spring staging areas, 29% on breeding areas, and 23% on fall staging areas. The long duration of migration and the fact that birds spend half their lives on staging areas underscore the importance of conserving Tundra Swan migratory habitats. Thirty-gram neck-collar-attached PTTs were more suitable than 95-g Teflon-harness-attached backpack PTTs for tracking Tundra Swans.

scholarly journals Winter fidelity, movements, and energy expenditure of Midcontinent Greater White-fronted Geese

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. VonBank ◽  
Mitch D. Weegman ◽  
Paul T. Link ◽  
Stephanie A. Cunningham ◽  
Kevin J. Kraai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Wintering Distribution

Abstract Background Animal movement patterns are the result of both environmental and physiological effects, and the rates of movement and energy expenditure of given movement strategies are influenced by the physical environment an animal inhabits. Greater white-fronted geese in North America winter in ecologically distinct regions and have undergone a large-scale shift in wintering distribution over the past 20 years. White-fronts continue to winter in historical wintering areas in addition to contemporary areas, but the rates of movement among regions, and energetic consequences of those decisions, are unknown. Additionally, linkages between wintering and breeding regions are generally unknown, and may influence within-winter movement rates. Methods We used Global Positioning System and acceleration data from 97 white-fronts during two winters to elucidate movement characteristics, model regional transition probabilities using a multistate model in a Bayesian framework, estimate regional energy expenditure, and determine behavior time-allocation influences on energy expenditure using overall dynamic body acceleration and linear mixed-effects models. We assess the linkages between wintering and breeding regions by evaluating the winter distributions for each breeding region. Results White-fronts exhibited greater daily movement early in the winter period, and decreased movements as winter progressed. Transition probabilities were greatest towards contemporary winter regions and away from historical wintering regions. Energy expenditure was up to 55% greater, and white-fronts spent more time feeding and flying, in contemporary wintering regions compared to historical regions. White-fronts subsequently summered across their entire previously known breeding distribution, indicating substantial mixing of individuals of varying breeding provenance during winter. Conclusions White-fronts revealed extreme plasticity in their wintering strategy, including high immigration probability to contemporary wintering regions, high emigration from historical wintering regions, and high regional fidelity to western regions, but frequent movements among eastern regions. Given that movements of white-fronts trended toward contemporary wintering regions, we anticipate that a wintering distribution shift eastward will continue. Unexpectedly, greater energy expenditure in contemporary wintering regions revealed variable energetic consequences of choice in wintering region and shifting distribution. Because geese spent more time feeding in contemporary regions than historical regions, increased energy expenditure is likely balanced by increased energy acquisition in contemporary wintering areas.

Influence of electric field intensity, ionic strength, and migration distance on the mobility and diffusion in DNA surface electrophoresis

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1312-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingquan Li ◽  
Xiaohua Fang ◽  
Haobin Luo ◽  
Eric Petersen ◽  
Young-Soo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Diffusion

Microhabitat use and migration distance of an endangered grassland amphibian

2013 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Searcy ◽  
Emilio Gabbai-Saldate ◽  
H. Bradley Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Primeira Reportagem da Mosca Minadora em Cebola no Alto Paranaíba

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Alves ◽  
Flávio Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Silva ◽  
Jéssica Gorri ◽  
Luan Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Study Report ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Em 12

Liriomyza spp. é considera praga em várias culturas no Brasil. As larvas confeccionam minas nas folhas, reduzem a área fotossintética, causam murcha e queda precoce de folhas. Objetivou-se neste trabalho reportar o primeiro ataque de Liriomyza spp., seu dano e a sobrevivência em cebola (Allium cepa L.) no Alto Paranaíba-MG. A sua ocorrência e o prejuízo foram detectados em cinco avaliações em 12 lavouras de cebola (50 plantas/ha). Já a sobrevivência foi determinada em condições de temperatura controlada. Observou-se a presença de Liriomyza spp. causando minas serpenteadas, com relação direta e negativa do número de minas com a produtividade, com prejuízo de 120 kg ha-1 e com taxa de sobrevivência de larva-pupa (57,89%) e pupa-adulto (63,63%). Este fitófago pode se tornar praga séria nesta cultura. First Occurrence of Leafminer Causing Damage in Onion at Alto Paranaíba Abstract. Liriomyza spp. is considered pests in various crops in Brazil. The larvae mine the leaves cook up, reduce the photosynthetic area, cause wilting and premature leaf drop. The objective of this study report the first attack of Liriomyza spp., its damage and survival in onion (Allium cepa L.) in Alto Parnaíba-MG. Their occurrence and injury ratings were detected in five of onion crops in 12 (50 plants/ha). Since survival was determined under conditions of controlled temperature. We observed the presence of Liriomyza spp. causing serpentine mines, with direct and negative relationship with the number of mines productivity, a loss of 120 kg ha-1 and survival rate of larva-pupa (57.89%) and pupa-adult (63.63%). Thus, this phytophagous insect can become a serious pest in this crop.

scholarly journals Mercury and Stable Isotopes in Feathers Of Audouin's Gulls as Indicators of Feeding Habits and Migratory Connectivity

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Sanpera ◽  
Xavier Ruiz ◽  
Rocío Moreno ◽  
Lluís Jover ◽  
Susan Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Wintering Areas

Abstract To better understand migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding populations, we analyzed mercury (Hg) and stable isotope signatures of nitrogen (δ15N), carbon (δ13C), and sulfur (δ34S) in Audouin's Gulls (Larus audouinii) breeding in two different colonies, the Ebro Delta (northeastern Spain) and the Chafarinas Islands (southwestern Mediterranean). Although abundant information is available on the biology and trophic ecology of this gull's breeding populations, little is known about migration patterns, distribution in winter, or conditions faced during the nonbreeding period. Analyses were carried out on first primary feathers, grown during the summer while gulls are on the breeding grounds, and mantle feathers, grown during the winter. Different isotopic signatures (δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S) in summer (primary) feathers from each area agree with the observed differences in diet between the two colonies. In winter (mantle) feathers, isotopic signatures did not differ, consistent with a common wintering ground and common diet, although the lack of isotopic basemaps in marine systems precludes assignment to a geographical area of reference. Future research is needed to relate isotopic signatures and Hg values in mantle feathers to trophic ecology in wintering areas. Results for Hg indicate that the excretory role played by primary feathers precludes their use as indicators of trophic ecology.

Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice (Mus domesticus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Swallow ◽  
Theodore Garland ◽  
Patrick A. Carter ◽  
Wen-Zhi Zhan ◽  
Gary C. Sieck
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Mus Domesticus ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Running Wheels

Swallow, John G., Theodore Garland, Jr., Patrick A. Carter, Wen-Zhi Zhan, and Gary C. Sieck. Effects of voluntary activity and genetic selection on aerobic capacity in house mice ( Mus domesticus). J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 69–76, 1998.—An animal model was developed to study effects on components of exercise physiology of both “nature” (10 generations of genetic selection for high voluntary activity on running wheels) and “nurture” (7–8 wk of access or no access to running wheels, beginning at weaning). At the end of the experiment, mice from both wheel-access groups were significantly lighter in body mass than mice from sedentary groups. Within the wheel-access group, a statistically significant, negative relationship existed between activity and final body mass. In measurements of maximum oxygen consumption during forced treadmill exercise (V˙o 2 max), mice with wheel access were significantly more cooperative than sedentary mice; however, trial quality was not a significant predictor of individual variation in V˙o 2 max. Nested two-way analysis of covariance demonstrated that both genetic selection history and access to wheels had significant positive effects on V˙o 2 max. A 12% difference inV˙o 2 max existed between wheel-access selected mice, which had the highest mass-correctedV˙o 2 max, and sedentary control mice, which had the lowest. The respiratory exchange ratio at V˙o 2 max was also significantly lower in the wheel-access group. Our results suggest the existence of a possible genetic correlation between voluntary activity levels (behavior) and aerobic capacity (physiology).

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