Extra-mammalian larval stages of Elaphostrongylus alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), a parasite of moose (Alces alces) in Fennoscandia

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Lankester ◽  
Ing-Marie C Olsson ◽  
Margareta Stéen ◽  
Alvin A Gajadhar
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time

Dimensions and illustrations of the first-, second-, and third-stage larvae of Elaphostrongylus alces are presented for the first time. First-stage larvae were 417 ± 16 µm long (mean ± SD) (range 377-445 µm) and similar in size to those of E. cervi (420 ± 13 µm long; range 392-445 µm) and E. rangiferi, the other recognized members of the genus. The mean length of third-stage E. alces larvae (714 ± 23 µm long; range 675-756 µm) recovered from gastropod intermediate hosts was significantly less than that of E. cervi (831 ± 78 µm long; range 669-954 µm) and E. rangiferi, providing further evidence of the distinct status of E. alces, a recently described species from moose in Fennoscandia.

scholarly journals On the Helminth Fauna of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) in the Barnim District of Brandenburg State/Germany

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Rolf K. Schuster ◽  
Peter Specht ◽  
Siegfried Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Opisthorchis Felineus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Burrowing Activity ◽  
Fur Animals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plagiorchis Elegans

The muskrat is a neozoon species that has occupied many countries of continental North Europe after its introduction from north America as fur animals. Due to its burrowing activity it damages river and canal banks and structures of flood control. For this reason, the eradication of this alien species is recommended. Muskrats are also of parasitological interest since they can act as suitable intermediate hosts for Echinococcus multilocularis. On the other hand, little is known on the other helminths that infect muskrats. A total of 130 muskrats of different age groups trapped in different habitats in the Barnim district of the Brandenburg state by a professional hunter were examined for parasites and seven trematodes (Echinostoma sp., Notocotylus noyeri, Plagiorchis elegans, Plagiorchis arvicolae, Psilosostoma simillimum, P. spiculigerum, Opisthorchis felineus and four larval cestode species (Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia martis, Taenia polyacantha, Taenia crassiceps) were detected. Larval stages of E. multilocularis were not found. O. felineus was found for the first time in muskrats in Germany. All the named parasites were present in Europe prior to the introduction of muskrats. With a prevalence of 48.9%, Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval stage of the cat tapeworm, H. taeniaeformis, was the most frequent parasite found in adult muskrats.

scholarly journals Natural infection of Deroceras laeve (Mollusca: gastropoda) with metastrongylid larvae in a transmission focus of abdominal angiostrongyliasis

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lucyk MAURER ◽  
Carlos GRAEFF-TEIXEIRA ◽  
José Willibaldo THOMÉ ◽  
Luís Antônio CHIARADIA ◽  
Hiroko SUGAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
First Time

Angiostrongylus costaricensis is a nematode parasitic of rodents. Man may become infected by ingestion of the third stage larvae produced within the intermediate hosts, usually slugs from the family Veronicellidae. An epidemiological study carried out in a locality in southern Brazil (western Santa Catarina State) where these slugs are a crop pest and an important vector for A. costaricensis has documented for the first time the natural infection of Deroceras laeve with metastrongylid larvae. This small limacid slug is frequently found amid the folds of vegetable leaves and may be inadvertently ingested. Therefore D. laeve may have an important role in transmission of A. costaricensis to man.

Larval development of Petrolisthes tuberculatus (Guérin, 1835) (Decapoda, Anomura, Porcellanidae) reared in laboratory

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4623 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
MARIA EUGENIA GONZALEZ-CANALES ◽  
JOSE A. CUESTA ◽  
JUAN IGNACIO GONZÁLEZ-GORDILLO
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
First Time

The complete larval development of Petrolisthes tuberculatus (including two zoeal stages and the megalopa) is described and illustrated in detail for the first time, based on laboratory-reared material. In order to allow the differentiation of specimens from plankton samples, the larval stages of P. tuberculatus are compared with those known for other porcellanid crabs from Chilean waters (Allopetrolisthes angulosus, Petrolisthes granulosus, P. laevigatus and P. violaceus). As expected, this comparison lead to the inclusion of P. tuberculatus within the “sección Porcellanina” together with the other Chilean species of porcellanids. 

Larval development of ovine Neostrongylus linearis in four experimentally infected mollusc species

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Manga-González ◽  
M.P. Morrondo-Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Cepaea Nemoralis ◽  
In Series ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

AbstractDevelopment of Neostrongylus linearis larvae was studied in the snail intermediate hosts Oestophora (Oestophora) barbula, Oestophorella buvinieri, Cepaea nemoralis and Helix (Cryptomphalus) aspersa. The molluscs of each species, all adults, were divided into groups of 40 for infection purposes. The infection doses for the first two snail species were 90 and 50 first stage larvae (L1) of N. linearis, respectively. For C. nemoralis two batches were tested: one with 200 L1 kept at 19°C and the other with 250 L1 at a temperature of 21°C. The same was done with Helix (C.) aspersa with 200 L1 at a temperature of 21°C, on the one hand and 300 L1 at 24°C on the other. One or two molluscs of each species were killed in series from the 6th day post-infection (p.i.) until the 44th. Percentage values for total larvae (1, 2 and 3) and L3 were higher with the lower dose for C. nemoralis, whilst the same was true with the higher dose in Helix (C.) aspersa. In both cases, the higher temperature appeared to contribute to cycle acceleration. Using one way analysis of variance, statistically significant differences were detected between the species of molluscs tested concerning percentages of L1 which penetrated, total larvae and L3. According to our results, the decreasing order of susceptibility of these species of molluscs as experimental intermediate hosts of N. linearis is: O. buvinieri, Oestophora (O.) barbula, C. nemoralis and Helix (C.) aspersa. It is the first time that Oestophora (O.) barbula and Oestophorella buvinieri have been named as experimental intermediate hosts of N. linearis.

On the Structure and Life-histories of British Fresh-water Larval Trematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis ◽  
First Time

A large number of fresh-water Invertebrates has been examined and the parasites obtained from them include examples of the commoner groups to be met with in any area surveyed. Six larval Trematodes have been described in detail, and by means of direct animal experiment two of them have been definitely related to known adults. Of these two one is the larva of Notocotylus seineti Fuhr., and is doubtfully Cercaria monostomi v. Linst., while the other is the larva of Echinoparyphium recurvatum v. Linst., and is described here in detail for the first time. The four xiphidiocercariae described are new. Data relating to the activity, duration of free life, and process of encystment of cercariae within the bodies of secondary intermediate hosts is also given.Effect of the parasite on the host. The disruption of the tissues brought about by the presence of sporocysts or rediae in the liver of a mollusc injures the host, and in many cases brings about its death. The gonads also are often attacked and completely destroyed. This latter feature of parasitic castration has been observed by Giard (1888) among certain species of Limnaea, Planorbis and Paludina attacked by sporocysts. Brown (1926) states that the gonads are rarely infected. As regards the encysted stages of cercariae these appear to do very little harm to their hosts even when present in large numbers. These observations are in agreement with those of Lebour (1912) for the sporocyst, rediae, and encysted stages of marine Trematodes.Double infection. I have found no instance of a double infection among the species described. In the literature, several records show the parasitism of two or more species of cercariae, within one and the same host. The occurrence of two species is most commonly met with, and as a rule one is in predominance. Sewell (1922) states that double infection is not common in India. Faust (1917), on the other hand, has found as many as four trematode species within the same host individual (Planorbis trivolis). Hesse (1923) states that “every large Limnaea peregra examined was heavily infected with sporocysts of either of the two species, but it was rare to find both together.” Brown (1926) in the neighbourhood of Birmingham has found three examples of associated xiphidiocercariae and furcocercariae, one example of xiphidiocercariae and echinostome cercariae, and two examples of echinostome cercaria, all from Limnaea stagnalis L.

scholarly journals Behavior of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in planorbids

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (1b) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. S. Banevicius ◽  
E. M. Zanotti-Magalhães ◽  
L. A. Magalhães ◽  
A. X. Linhares
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Biomphalaria Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

Some terrestrial mollusks are natural hosts of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. In the laboratory, this nematode can be maintained in certain planorbids, which are aquatic mollusks and intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Mollusks can be infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis by ingestion of or active penetration by the first-stage larvae. In this work we assessed the ability of Biomphalaria glabrata to attract first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis. Movement of the nematode larvae towards the mollusks was observed after 15 min, 30 min and 1 h. B. glabrata did not attract the first-stage larvae of A. costaricensis in any of the three intervals. The susceptibility of two populations of Biomphalaria tenagophila to infection by A. costaricensis was also determined. One population was genetically selected for the susceptibility to S. mansoni while the other was not. Third-stage larvae were recovered from the snails 30 days after exposure of the two populations to 120 first-stage larvae. All the mollusks were infected. However, a significantly higher number of third-stage larvae were recovered in mollusks not genetically selected.

scholarly journals Larval trematodes in freshwater gastropods from Mato Grosso, Brazil: diversity and host-parasites relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Carvalho de Mattos ◽  
Maria Fernanda Furtado Boaventura ◽  
Monica Ammon Fernandez ◽  
Silvana Carvalho Thiengo
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Pomacea Maculata ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
First Time

A survey for freshwater gastropods carrying trematodes parasites was conducted in Manso Dam and the surrounding areas frequented by tourist, focusing particularly on the Pantanal region. Infected snails were recovered from twelve of the eighteen investigated municipalities and forty-one cercaria-snail pairings were recorded. Among these pairings were several first records of snails serving as intermediate hosts for trematodes in Brazil including Biomphalaria amazônica Paraense, 1966, Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981, Marisa planogyra Pilsbry, 1933, Pomacea maculata Perry, 1830, Pomacea scalaris (d'Orbigny, 1835) and Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828). Echinostomatidae and Strigeidae were the most common trematode families (ca. 47%) and the greatest diversity of larvae were obtained from Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839). Paramphistomatidae, Schistosomatidae or Spirorchiidae and Notocotylidae or Pronocephalidae were recovered in D. lucidum for the first time extending the number of families which use this gastropod as intermediate host. Although no specimens were found harboring larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 other trematode larvae were discovered, including the Schistosomatidae Brevifurcate apharingeate cercaria that can cause dermatitis in humans. Continued studies on the taxonomy and biology of trematodes are essential to better understand the biodiversity of these parasites as well as the epidemiological aspects for control of associated zoonosis.

The incidence of Anoplocephaline cestodes in a population of rabbits in Surrey, England

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mead-Briggs ◽  
J. A. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Seasonal Trend ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Host Infection

Samples of approximately five wild rabbits were obtained each week over the 4-year period 1967–70, and their intestines examined for adult tapeworms. Pour species of anoplocephalinae were found, Cittotaenia pectinata, C. denticulata, C. ctenoides and Andrya cuniculi. C. pectinata was found in 29% of the 968 rabbits examined, C. denticulata in 14%, C. ctenoides in 12% and A. cuniculi in 6%. There were 63 double infections, of which 44 involved A. cuniculi, and three triple infections. The most frequent number of worms per infection was one for C. pectinata and A. cuniculi and two for C. denticulata and C. clenoides, although the mean numbers for these species were respectively 7·2, 5·3, 2·7 and 1·8. A. cuniculi, and to a lesser extent C. ctenoides, were very restricted in distribution within the study area, occurring only on the higher, chalk downland (250–550 ft A.S.L.). This finding implies that individual rabbits usually spend their lives within relatively small areas. Considering all the material a seasonal trend in host infection rate was apparent only with C. denticulata, which increased in abundance from July to a peak in September and then declined gradually to a low level, lasting from April to June. Infections, including small specimens of any of the four species, were rare from February to June and it is presumed that infected intermediate hosts were correspondingly rare during this period. Except for C. denticulata, which was found more frequently in male rabbits than females, the sex of the host had no influence on its likelihood of infection. However, except for C. pectinata, the age of the host was important. Thus, C. denticulata and A. cuniculi were significantly more frequent in juveniles than adults whilst the reverse was true for C. ctenoides. Small (‘young’) specimens of C. denticulata and A. cuniculi were more frequent in juvenile than adult rabbits, but the difference was not significant for the other two species. It is concluded that only C. ctenoides survives for more than a year and that this species and C. pectinata are more likely to infect rabbits that are adult than are the other two species.

scholarly journals Experimental lagochilascariosis in X-chromosome-linked immunodeficient mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Aparecida Gleice de Freitas ◽  
Mariana Félix de Souza Prudente ◽  
Mara Silvia Carvalhaes
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Deficient Mice

Lagochilascaris minor is the etiological agent of lagochilascariosis, a disease that affects the neck region and causes exudative abscesses, with eggs, adult parasites and L3/L4 larvae in the purulent exudates. Mice are now considered to be intermediate hosts for the parasite. To determine the pattern of infection in B1 cell-deficient mice, experimental lagochilascariosis was studied in BALB/c and X-chromosome-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice. BALB.xid-infected mice showed lower numbers of larvae. Third-stage larvae, fourth-stage larvae and adult parasites were found in both strains. BALB/c mice produced IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE against the crude extract and secreted/excreted antigens of the parasite. On the other hand, BALB.xid mice did not produce IgM and produced lower levels of IgG and IgA, and similar quantities of IgE.

scholarly journals Protostrongylid nematodes in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) and moose (Alces alces) of Newfoundland

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W. Lankester ◽  
David Fong
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Alces Alces ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Caribou ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Avalon Peninsula ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropod

Two species of protostrongylid nematodes with dorsal-spined, first-stage larvae, are present in caribou and moose of Newfoundland. Elaphostrongyius rangiferi Mitskevich, 1958, a parasite introduced from Scandinavia, causes periodic epizootics of a severe neurological disease in caribou. Sick animals exhibiting signs of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (CSE) were particularly noticeable in central Newfoundland each winter between 1981 and 1985. Those collected for examinarion were mostly male calves. The disease again became prominent in caribou on the Avalon Peninsula in the winters of 1996 and 1997; it may have spread to that isolated part of the province as recently as 1990. E. rangiferi was also found in moose but no cases of neurologic disease have been reported in this host. Parelapbostrongylus andersoni Prestwood, 1972, was found in caribou, both in central Newfoundland and on the Avalon Peninsula. Moose may also be infected. Of 1407 terrestrial gastropod intermediate hosts examined, 9 (0.6%) contained infective, third-stage, protostrongylid larvae resembling those of E. rangiferi and P. andersoni which are indistinguishable. The small dark slug, Deroceras laeve, dominated gastropod collections and was the only species infected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document