High incidence of infanticide by lactating females in a population of Columbian ground squirrels ( Spermophilus columbianus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
First Record ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The North

This is the first record of cercariae of Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) and of Chaetognatha as a secondintermediate host in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. The morphology of the sporocyst and cercaria from Nucula obliqua (Bivalvia:Nuculidae) and a full description of the metacercaria from hydromedusae are given. The life cycle of M. filiformis involves threehosts. The bivalve N. obliqua is the first intermediate host, Chaetognatha and medusae are the second intermediate hosts, and thejurel Trachurus lathami (Pisces: Carangidae) is the final host. The life cycle of M. filiformis occurs in shallow waters in theArgentine Sea and differs from Køie’s experimental scheme for the North Sea in the addition of planktonic invertebrates assecond intermediate hosts. The life cycle proposed here follows the general pattern given for the family Fellodistomidae.

A proposed three-host life history of Monascusfiliformis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Digenea: Fellodi-stomidae) in the southwest Atlantic Ocean

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 1198-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Martorelli ◽  
F Cremonte
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
First Record ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The North

This is the first record of cercariae of Monascus filiformis (Rudolphi, 1819) and of Chaetognatha as a secondintermediate host in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. The morphology of the sporocyst and cercaria from Nucula obliqua (Bivalvia:Nuculidae) and a full description of the metacercaria from hydromedusae are given. The life cycle of M. filiformis involves threehosts. The bivalve N. obliqua is the first intermediate host, Chaetognatha and medusae are the second intermediate hosts, and thejurel Trachurus lathami (Pisces: Carangidae) is the final host. The life cycle of M. filiformis occurs in shallow waters in theArgentine Sea and differs from Køie’s experimental scheme for the North Sea in the addition of planktonic invertebrates assecond intermediate hosts. The life cycle proposed here follows the general pattern given for the family Fellodistomidae.

scholarly journals The helminth infracommunities of the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) two years after the fire in Mediterranean forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Torre ◽  
A. Arrizabalaga ◽  
C. Feliu ◽  
A. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wood Mouse ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Short Period

AbstractParasites have been recognized as indicators for natural or man-induced environmental stress and perturbation. In this article, we investigated the role of two non-exclusive hypotheses on the response of helminths of wood mice to fire perturbation: 1) a reduction of the helminth infracommunity (species richness) in post-fire areas due to the temporal lack of worms with indirect (complex) life cycles linked to intermediate hosts that are more specialized than the final host, and 2) an increase of the abundance of helminths with direct (simple) life cycles as a response of increasing abundances of the final host, may be in stressful conditions linked to the post-fire recolonization process.We studied the helminth infracommunities of 97 wood mice in two recently burned plots (two years after the fire) and two control plots in Mediterranean forests of NE Spain. Species richness of helminths found in control plots (n = 14) was twice large than in burned ones (n = 7). Six helminth species were negatively affected by fire perturbation and were mainly or only found in unburned plots. Fire increased the homogeneity of helminth infracommunities, and burned plots were characterised by higher dominance, and higher parasitation intensity. We found a gradient of frequency of occurrence of helminth species according to life cycle complexity in burned areas, being more frequent monoxenous (66.6 %), than diheteroxenous (33.3 %) and triheteroxenous (0 %), confirming the utility of helminths as bioindicators for ecosystem perturbations. Despite the short period studied, our results pointed out an increase in the abundance and prevalence of some direct life cycle helminths in early postfire stages, whereas indirect life cycle helminths were almost absent. A mismatch between the final host (that showed a fast recovery shortly after the fire), and the intermediate hosts (that showed slow recoveries shortly after the fire), was responsible for the loss of half of the helminth species.

scholarly journals Lernaeocera obtusa n.sp., a hitherto undescribed parasite of the haddock (Gadus aeglefinus L.)

1957 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kabata
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Final Host ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mode Of Attachment

The fishes harbouring parasites of the genus Lernaeocera can be divided, according to the presence or absence of contact with the coastal waters, into ‘inshore’ and ‘offshore’ groups. According to literature, only L. branchialis occurs commonly on hosts in both groups. The difference between this and the remaining species of the genus is explained by the existence of two different species covered by the name L. branchialis. One of these species is parasitic on cod and whiting, the other on haddock. The two species have also different intermediate hosts (flounder and lemon sole respectively) and differ in morphology of the adult male and female and in the mode of attachment to the final host.Lernaeocera of whiting and cod is distributed mainly in the coastal area, while that from haddock extends over the whole of the North Sea. The former, but not the latter, is present outside the European continental shelf. All these differences lead to the conclusion that the two types represent two different species. The old name is retained for the parasite of cod and whiting. The parasite of haddock is the new species, to which the name Lernaeocera obtusa is given.

scholarly journals Amblyomma scalpturatum Neumann, 1906 (Acari: Ixodidae): confirmation in Acre State, Brazil, and description of parasitism in a human

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
André de Abreu Rangel Aguirre ◽  
Vinícius da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Ivaneide Nunes da Costa ◽  
Marcos Valério Garcia ◽  
Bárbara Guimarães Csordas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
First Record ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The North ◽  
Complete Life Cycle

Abstract Amblyomma scalpturatum is a tick species that is unique to South America. It is commonly associated with the Amazon biome and has been reported in some Brazilian states. This tick species exhibits host specificity: it parasitizes tapirs and suidae. Its role in transmitting pathogens to humans is still unknown. Amblyomma scalpturatum is known to be a human-biting tick; however, there is only one report showing that humans make suitable hosts for this species. The knowledge of tick fauna is lacking in the Acre State. This study collected free-living ticks with the aim of finding new records in Acre State. Collections were carried out in Amazon forest fragments in Rio Branco municipality. An A. scalpturatum specimen was identified and submitted sequencing of the ITS-2 gene. This study presents the first molecular confirmation of A. scalpturatum collected in situ in Acre State, North Region, Brazil. This study also presents the first record of a successfully completed feeding by an A. scalpturatum nymph on a human host in the North region of Brazil. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the complete life cycle of this tick species, its seasonality in the environment, and its relationship to pathogens and competence to transmit them.

scholarly journals A systematic review of flukes (Trematoda) of domestic goose (Anser anser dom.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
F. H. Rzayev
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
The North ◽  
Echinostoma Revolutum

Trematodes are one of the most numerous and widespread groups of parasitic invertebrates among helminths, characterized by a complex life cycle. As the final host, digenetic flukes parasitize vertebrates, including domestic waterfowl. Infection of hosts with parasitic digenetic worms causes huge economic damage to poultry. But trematode fauna of domestic geese are presented mainly only for individual regions. Despite the fact that there is already a systematic review of tapeworms and acanthocephala of domestic birds – geese and ducks, there are, unfortunately, no review articles on the taxonomy of digenetic flukes for geese (Anser anser dom.). Taking into account the relevance of the topic, based on our own and extensive literature data, we set the task to determine the general species composition of digenetic flukes (Trematoda), parasitizing in domestic geese which have been recorded in the world until 2020. Each Trematoda species is provided with the following data: scientific name, authority and year, first, second intermediate, auxiliary and final hosts, site in the host body, collecting localities and geographic distribution, and literature sources. Currently it is established that there are 149 species of helminths parasitising domestic geese. The taxonomic composition of the class Trematoda registered in domestic geese consists of 2 classes, 14 families, 30 genera and 65 species. Of all the species of trematodes parasitizing in domestic geese, 44 species have been recorded in Europe, 26 species in Asia, 6 species in North America, 1 species in South America, 1 species in Africa and 2 species in Oceania. Three species are registered in domestic geese (Echinoparyphium recurvatum, Echinostoma revolutum, Prosthogonimus ovatus) are cosmopolitan parasites. The biggest species diversity is characterized by the families Echinostomatidae (17 species) and Notocotylidae (12 species). There are 11 species of digenetic flukes recorded in domestic geese Cyclocoelum mutabile, Echinostoma grande, E. paraulum, E. revolutum, E. robustum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Paryphostomum novum, P. pentalobum, Catatropis verrucosa, Notocotylus attenuatus, N. parviovatus) on the territory of Azerbaijan. Four of them (Echinostoma revolutum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Paryphostomum novum, Notocotylus attenuatus) were also noted in the course of our helminthological studies. The trematode Cyclocoelum mutabile was recorded in domestic ducks only in Azerbaijan. Most species of trematodes were found in the north-eastern part (total 9 species) and southern part (total 5 species) of Azerbaijan. This is due to the widespread distribution of molluscs – intermediate hosts of digenetic flukes, in these regions. Eighteen species of digenetic flukes parasitize both birds and mammals (Rodentia, Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla). And eleven species of trematodes are of medical importance, registered in humans.

Implications of increased susceptibility to predation for managing the sylvatic cycle ofEchinococcus multilocularis

Parasitology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VERVAEKE ◽  
S. DAVIS ◽  
H. LEIRS ◽  
R. VERHAGEN
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Final Host ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
General Mathematical Model ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The ability to increase the chances that infectious prey are taken by predators is an observed feature of many parasites that rely on one or more predator-prey relationships to complete their life-cycle. In the sylvatic life-cycle ofEchinococcus multilocularis– the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis – foxes are the final host, with voles acting as intermediate hosts. Here we review the evidence thatE. multiloculariscauses increased susceptibility to predation and present a general mathematical model for the sylvatic life-cycle. The ability to increase susceptibility to predation in the intermediate host reduces the sensitivity of the parasite population to adverse conditions. For example, there is no critical density of foxes below which the parasite is expected to die out, even if the effect of the parasite on infected prey is very small. We suggest that increased susceptibility to predation is a plausible explanation for the observed resilience ofE. multilocularisduring and following field trials of praziquantel baiting.

Taeniasis in a German Shepherd Pup: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
B J Thakre ◽  
Joice P Joseph ◽  
Binod Kumar ◽  
Nilima Brahmbhatt ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Taenia Multiceps ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum

Taenia spp. are long, segmented, parasitic tapeworms and are relatively uncommon in canine gastrointestinal diseases compared to other tapeworms like Dipylidium caninum. These parasites have an indirect life cycle, cycling between definitive and intermediate hosts. Dogs act as definitive hosts of different species of Taenia including Taenia multiceps, Taenia serialis, Taenia crassiceps, Taenia hydatigena, Taenia pisiformis, etc. Taenia multiceps is of greatest zoonotic relevance in human. In the definitive host, it causes only mild infection. Larvae are more likely to cause disease than adult tapeworms. Taeniasis in pets should be cautiously handled because of its zoonotic importance. This communication reports a case of 3 months old pup suffering from Taenia infection that was successfully managed with a combination of praziquantel and fenbendazole.

First record of Norwegian killer whales attacking and feeding on a harbour porpoise

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mel Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
First Record ◽  
Harbour Porpoise ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Strait Of Gibraltar ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Bottlenose Whales

Orcinus orcais a cosmopolitan species and the most widely distributed marine mammal. Its diet includes over 140 species of fish, cephalopods, sea birds and marine mammals. However, many populations are specialised on certain specific prey items. Three genetically distinct populations have been described in the North Atlantic. Population A (that includes the Icelandic and Norwegian sub-populations) is believed to be piscivorous, as is population C, which includes fish-eating killer whales from the Strait of Gibraltar. In contrast, population B feeds on both fish and marine mammals. Norwegian killer whales follow the Norwegian spring spawning herring stock. The only description in the literature of Norwegian killer whales feeding on another cetacean species is a predation event on northern bottlenose whales in 1968. Daily land-based surveys targeting sperm whales were conducted from the Andenes lighthouse using BigEyes®binoculars (25×, 80 mm). The location of animals at sea was approximated through the use of an internal reticule system and a graduated wheel. On 24 June 2012 at 3:12 am, an opportunistic sighting of 11 killer whales was made off Andenes harbour. The whales hunted and fed on a harbour porpoise. Despite these species having overlapping distributions in Norwegian waters, this is the first predatory event reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomy Reveals That the Marine Brachyuran Crab Pyromaia tuberculata (Lockington, 1877) Reached Eastern Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Jorge Lobo-Arteaga ◽  
Miriam Tuaty-Guerra ◽  
Maria José Gaudêncio
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Tagus Estuary ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
The North ◽  
Mainland Portugal

Pyromaia tuberculata is native to the north-eastern Pacific Ocean and currently established in distant regions in the Pacific Ocean and southwest Atlantic. Outside its native range, this species has become established in organically polluted enclosed waters, such as bays. The Tagus estuary, with a broad shallow bay, is one of the largest estuaries in the west coast of Europe, located in western mainland Portugal, bordering the city of Lisbon. In this study, sediment samples were collected in the estuary between 2016 and 2017. Several adult specimens of P. tuberculata, including one ovigerous female, were morphologically and genetically identified, resulting in accurate identification of the species. The constant presence of adults over a 16-month sampling period suggests that the species has become established in the Tagus estuary. Moreover, their short life cycle, which allows for the production of at least two generations per year, with females reaching maturity within six months after settlement, favours population establishment. Despite being referred to as invasive, there are no records of adverse effects of P. tuberculata to the environment and socio-economy in regions outside its native range. However, due to its expanding ability, its inclusion in European monitoring programmes would indeed be desirable.

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