Ecology of two large, net-spinning caddisfly species in a mountain stream: distribution, abundance, and metabolic response to a thermal gradient

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winsor H Lowe ◽  
F Richard Hauer
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Food Quantity ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Summer Temperatures

We quantified the distribution and abundance of larvae of two species of caddisfly, Parapsyche elsis and Arctopsyche grandis (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), at 8 sites along a 560-m elevational gradient and a 36-km longitudinal gradient in a pristine mountain stream. Both species are widely distributed throughout the northern Rocky Mountains and have similar 2-year life-spans, similar catch-nets, and similar microhabitat requirements. However, the reach-scale distribution patterns were distinctly dissimilar. Parapsyche elsis larvae were most abundant in the upper reaches of the study stream, while A. grandis larvae were found only in lower stream segments. We examined the correlation between the stream gradient and the environmental variables that likely influence the distributions of these insects: temperature, food quantity and quality, current velocity, and substratum cobble size. Only those variables relating to temperature (i.e., annual degree-days, summer maximum) correlated with stream elevational and longitudinal gradients. Laboratory examination revealed a relationship between zones of temperature independence in the metabolism-temperature response of both species, maximum summer temperatures in the stream, and distribution of the two species. We propose that the physiological response of these species to stream temperature, with resulting bioenergetics, is the probable mechanism structuring the stream distribution and abundance patterns of these species.

Selection of Positions by Drift-Feeding Salmonids in Dominance Hierarchies: Model and Test for Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in Subarctic Mountain Streams, Interior Alaska

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1999-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Lateral Diffusion ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Dominance Hierarchies ◽  
Arctic Grayling ◽  
Drift Feeding ◽  
Stream Salmonids ◽  
Thymallus Arcticus

In this work I describe a model to predict position choice by each individual in a dominance hierarchy of drift-feeding stream salmonids. This is an adaptation of Hughes and Dill's model (1990. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47: 2039–2048) of position choice by solitary fish. I have included the effect that prey consumption, lateral diffusion of drifting invertebrates, and entry of invertebrates into the drift have on the density of prey downstream of feeding fish and the restrictions that dominant fish place on freedom of choice by their subordinates. l assume that each fish chooses the most profitable position that its rank in the hierarchy will allow. There was an encouraging match between the distribution patterns predicted by the model and the distribution patterns actually adopted by Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) in two pools of a mountain stream. This result suggests that Arctic grayling locate and rank positions based on their profitability. The predictions of reduced models, and the location of positions in relation to bottom topography and current flow, suggest that the physical habitat forms the template for distribution patterns by determining the location and ranking of the most profitable positions.

scholarly journals Floristic Diversity and Distribution Patterns Along an Elevational Gradient in the Northern Part of the Ardabil Province Rangelands, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Ghafari ◽  
Ardavan Ghorbani ◽  
Mehdi Moameri ◽  
Raoof Mostafazadeh ◽  
Mahmood Bidarlord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Floristic Diversity

scholarly journals Evaluation of trends in extreme temperatures simulated by HighResMIP models across Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 2389-2412
Author(s):  
Antonello A. Squintu ◽  
Gerard van der Schrier ◽  
Else van den Besselaar ◽  
Eveline van der Linden ◽  
Dian Putrasahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

AbstractSimulation of past climate is an important tool for the validation of climate models. The comparison with observed daily values allows us to assess the reliability of their projections on climatic extremes in a future climate. The frequency and amplitude of extreme events are fundamental aspects that climate simulations need to reproduce as they have high impacts on economy and society. The ability to simulate them will help policy makers in taking better measures to face climate change. This work aims at evaluating how six models within the High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project reproduce the trends on extreme indices as they have been observed over Europe in the 1970–2014 period. Observed values are provided by the new homogenized version of the E-OBS gridded dataset. The comparison is performed through the use of indices based on seasonal averages and on exceedances of percentile-based thresholds, focusing on six subregions. Winter-average minimum temperature is generally underestimated by models (down to − 4 °C difference over Italy and Norway) while simulated trends in seasonal averages and extreme values are found to be too cold on Eastern Europe and too warm on Iberia and Southern Europe (e.g. up to a difference of − 4% per decade on the number of Cold Nights over Spain). On the other hand the models tend to overestimate summer maximum temperatures averages in the Mediterranean Area (up to + 5 °C over the Balkans) and underestimate these at higher latitudes. Iberia, Southern and Eastern Europe are simulated with too low trends in average summer temperatures. The simulated trends are too strong on the North West part and too weak on the South East part of Europe (down to − 3%/decade on the number of Warm Days over Italy and Western Balkans). These results corroborate the findings of previous studies about the underestimation of the warming trends of summer temperatures in Southern Europe, where these are more intense and have more impacts. The high-resolution versions of the models are compared to their lower-resolution counterparts, similar to those used in the CMIP5, showing a slight improvement for the simulation of extreme winter minimum temperatures, while no significant progresses have been found for extreme summer maximum temperatures.

scholarly journals Thermal Acclimation of Foliar Carbon Metabolism in Pinus taiwanensis Along an Elevational Gradient

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Lyu ◽  
Mengke Sun ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
Jordi Sardans ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Time Substitution ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Climate change could negatively alter plant ecosystems if rising temperatures exceed optimal conditions for obtaining carbon. The acclimation of plants to higher temperatures could mitigate this effect, but the potential of subtropical forests to acclimate still requires elucidation. We used space-for-time substitution to determine the photosynthetic and respiratory-temperature response curves, optimal temperature of photosynthesis (Topt), photosynthetic rate at Topt, temperature sensitivity (Q10), and the rate of respiration at a standard temperature of 25°C (R25) for Pinus taiwanensis at five elevations (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 m) in two seasons (summer and winter) in the Wuyi Mountains in China. The response of photosynthesis in P. taiwanensis leaves to temperature at the five elevations followed parabolic curves, and the response of respiration to temperature increased with temperature. Topt was higher in summer than winter at each elevation and decreased significantly with increasing elevation. Q10 decreased significantly with increasing elevation in summer but not winter. These results showed a strong thermal acclimation of foliar photosynthesis and respiration to current temperatures across elevations and seasons, and that R25 increased significantly with elevation and were higher in winter than summer at each elevation indicating that the global warming can decrease R25. These results strongly suggest that this thermal acclimation will likely occur in the coming decades under climate change, so the increase in respiration rates of P. taiwanensis in response to climatic warming may be smaller than predicted and thus may not increase atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Summer Heatwave Impacts on the European Kelp Saccharina latissima Across Its Latitudinal Distribution Gradient

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Diehl ◽  
Michael Y. Roleda ◽  
Inka Bartsch ◽  
Ulf Karsten ◽  
Kai Bischof
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Latitudinal Distribution ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
C And N ◽  
Population Resilience

Kelps are important foundation species in coastal ecosystems currently experiencing pronounced shifts in their distribution patterns caused by ocean warming. While some populations found at species’ warm distribution edges have been recently observed to decline, expansions of some species have been recorded at their cold distribution edges. Reduced population resilience can contribute to kelp habitat loss, hence, understanding intraspecific variations in physiological responses across a species’ latitudinal distribution is crucial for its conservation. To investigate potential local responses of the broadly distributed kelp Saccharina latissima to marine heatwaves in summer, we collected sporophytes from five locations in Europe (Spitsbergen, Bodø, Bergen, Helgoland, Locmariaquer), including populations exposed to the coldest and warmest local temperature regimes. Meristematic tissue from sporophytes was subjected to increasing temperatures of Δ+2, Δ+4 and Δ+6°C above the respective mean summer temperatures (control, Δ±0°C) characteristic for each site. Survival and corresponding physiological and biochemical traits were analyzed. Vitality (optimum quantum yield, Fv/Fm) and growth were monitored over time and biochemical responses were measured at the end of the experiment. Growth was highest in northern and lowest in southern populations. Overall, northern populations from Spitsbergen, Bodø and Bergen were largely unaffected by increasing summer temperatures up to Δ+6°C. Conversely, sporophytes from Helgoland and Locmariaquer were markedly stressed at Δ+6°C: occurrence of tissue necrosis, reduced Fv/Fm, and a significantly elevated de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (DPS). The variations in phlorotannins, mannitol and tissue C and N contents were independent of temperature treatments and latitudinal distribution pattern. Pronounced site-specific variability in response to increasing temperatures implies that exceeding a threshold above the mean summer temperature exclusively affect rear-edge (southernmost) populations.

Distribution patterns of medicinal plants along an elevational gradient in central Himalaya, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maan B. Rokaya ◽  
Zuzana Münzbergová ◽  
Mani R. Shrestha ◽  
Binu Timsina
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Central Himalaya

scholarly journals Temperature response of denitrification and anammox reveals the adaptation of microbial communities to in situ temperatures in permeable marine sediments that span 50° in latitude

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Canion ◽  
J. E. Kostka ◽  
T. M. Gihring ◽  
M. Huettel ◽  
J. E. E. van Beusekom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Advective Flow ◽  
N Removal ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. Despite decades of research on the physiology and biochemistry of nitrate/nitrite-respiring microorganisms, little is known regarding their metabolic response to temperature, especially under in situ conditions. The temperature regulation of microbial communities that mediate anammox and denitrification was investigated in near shore permeable sediments at polar, temperate, and subtropical sites with annual mean temperatures ranging from −5 to 23 °C. Total N2 production rates were determined using the isotope pairing technique in intact core incubations under diffusive and simulated advection conditions and ranged from 2 to 359 μmol N m−2 d−1. For the majority of sites studied, N2 removal was 2–7 times more rapid under simulated advective flow conditions. Anammox comprised 6–14% of total N2 production at temperate and polar sites and was not detected at the subtropical site. Potential rates of denitrification and anammox were determined in anaerobic slurries in a temperature gradient block incubator across a temperature range of −1 °C to 42 °C. The highest optimum temperature (Topt) for denitrification was 36 °C and was observed in subtropical sediments, while the lowest Topt of 21 °C was observed at the polar site. Seasonal variation in the Topt was observed at the temperate site with values of 26 and 34 °C in winter and summer, respectively. The Topt values for anammox were 9 and 26 °C at the polar and temperate sites, respectively. The results demonstrate adaptation of denitrifying communities to in situ temperatures in permeable marine sediments across a wide range of temperatures, whereas marine anammox bacteria may be predominately psychrophilic to psychrotolerant. The adaptation of microbial communities to in situ temperatures suggests that the relationship between temperature and rates of N removal is highly dependent on community structure.

scholarly journals Distributional Patterns of Aquatic Empididae (Diptera) along an Elevational Diversity Gradient in a Low Mountain Range: An Example from Central Europe

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Iwona Słowińska ◽  
Radomir Jaskuła
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Diversity Pattern ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Low Mountain Range ◽  
Predatory Insects

The two subfamilies Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae, also known as aquatic dance flies, are a group of small predatory insects occurring mainly in mountainous areas and the northern temperate. However, very little is known about distribution patterns for most of the species. Habitat preferences for 40 aquatic empidid species were analysed in the Pieniny Mts., Poland. Forty-six sampling sites from a major part of this relatively low mountain massif (400–770 m) were chosen, for which 17 micro and macrohabitat environmental variables were measured including both abiotic (altitude, stream mean width and depth, and shading) and biotic factors (13 dominant plant communities). Here we show that numerous studied aquatic Empididae were characterized by unique habitat preferences and were restricted to the foothills or the lower montane zone with only a few species characterized by wider elevational distribution. Chelifera pectinicauda, C. flavella, C. subangusta and Phyllodromia melanocephala (Hemerodromiinae), and Clinocera appendiculata, C. fontinalis, C. wesmaeli, Dolichocephala guttata, D. oblongoguttata, Kowarzia plectrum, Wiedemannia jazdzewskii, and W. thienemanni (Clinocerinae) were clearly associated with the highest altitudes and shaded areas while W. bistigma, W. lamellata, W. phantasma, and W. tricuspidata (Clinocerinae) were clearly associated with the lower elevated, wider stream valleys overgrown by willow brakes. Species richness and diversity decreased along elevational gradient with the hump-shaped diversity pattern noted for the subfamily Clinocerinae. The altitude, size of river/stream as well as the type of plant community were found as the most important factors in the distribution of the studied aquatic empidid species. The present study is the first one focused on elevational diversity gradient and habitat preferences of Hemerodromiinae and Clinocerinae of central Europe, and one of only a few in the world.

scholarly journals Myco- and photobiont associations in crustose lichens in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) reveal high differentiation along an elevational gradient

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Wagner ◽  
Arne C. Bathke ◽  
Craig Cary ◽  
Robert R. Junker ◽  
Wolfgang Trutschnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Mcmurdo Dry Valleys ◽  
Bipartite Network ◽  
Dry Valleys ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Crustose Lichens

AbstractThe climate conditions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (78° S) are characterized by low temperatures and low precipitation. The annual temperatures at the valley bottoms have a mean range from −30 °C to −15 °C and decrease with elevation. Precipitation occurs mostly in form of snow (3-50 mm a−1 water equivalent) and, liquid water is rare across much of the landscape for most of the year and represents the primary limitation to biological activity. Snow delivered off the polar plateau by drainage winds, dew and humidity provided by clouds and fog are important water sources for rock inhibiting crustose lichens. In addition, the combination of the extremely low humidity and drying caused by foehn winds, confined to lower areas of the valleys, with colder and moister air at higher altitudes creates a strongly improving water availability gradient with elevation.We investigated the diversity and interaction specificity of myco-/photobiont associations of a total of 232 crustose lichen specimens, collected along an elevational gradient (171-959 m a.s.l.) within the McMurdo Dry Valleys with regard to the spatial distribution caused by climatological and geographical factors. For the identification of the mycobiont and photobiont species three markers each were amplified (nrITS, mtSSU, RPB1 and nrITS, psbJ-L, COX2, respectivley). Elevation, associated with a water availability gradient, turned out to be the key factor explaining most of the distribution patterns of the mycobionts. Pairwise comparisons showed Lecidea cancriformis and Rhizoplaca macleanii to be significantly more common at higher, and Carbonea vorticosa and Lecidea polypycnidophora at lower, elevations. Lichen photobionts were dominated by the globally distributed Trebouxia OTU, Tr_A02 which occurred at all habitats. Network specialization resulting from mycobiont-photobiont bipartite network structure varied with elevation and associated abiotic factors.Along an elevational gradient, the spatial distribution, diversity and genetic variability of the lichen symbionts appear to be mainly influenced by improved water relations at higher altitudes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document