scholarly journals Anticipation-induced social tipping: can the environment be stabilised by social dynamics?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Manuel Müller ◽  
Jobst Heitzig ◽  
Jürgen Kurths ◽  
Kathy Lüdge ◽  
Marc Wiedermann
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Threshold Models ◽  
Earth System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Feedback Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Globally Stable

AbstractIn the past decades, human activities caused global Earth system changes, e.g., climate change or biodiversity loss. Simultaneously, these associated impacts have increased environmental awareness within societies across the globe, thereby leading to dynamical feedbacks between the social and natural Earth system. Contemporary modelling attempts of Earth system dynamics rarely incorporate such co-evolutions and interactions are mostly studied unidirectionally through direct or remembered past impacts. Acknowledging that societies have the additional capability for foresight, this work proposes a conceptual feedback model of socio-ecological co-evolution with the specific construct of anticipation acting as a mediator between the social and natural system. Our model reproduces results from previous sociological threshold models with bistability if one assumes a static environment. Once the environment changes in response to societal behaviour, the system instead converges towards a globally stable, but not necessarily desired, attractor. Ultimately, we show that anticipation of future ecological states then leads to metastability of the system where desired states can persist for a long time. We thereby demonstrate that foresight and anticipation form an important mechanism which, once its time horizon becomes large enough, fosters social tipping towards behaviour that can stabilise the environment and prevents potential socio-ecological collapse.

scholarly journals Presenting unwieldy pasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Katherine Hite ◽  
Daniela Jara
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
The Political ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
The Rich

In the rich and varied work of memory studies, scholars have turned to exploring the meanings that different communities assign to the past, the social mediations of memories, as well as how the memories of subaltern subjects re-signify the relationship between history and memory. This special issue explores the ever present dynamics of unwieldy pasts through what have been termed “the spectral turn” and “the forensic turn.” We argue that specters (which appear in the literature as ghosts, or as haunting) and exhumations defy notions of temporality or resolution. Both trace the social dynamics that redefine the meanings of the past and that voice suffering, expose institutions’ limits, reveal disputes, explore affect and privilege political resistance. They draw from significant intellectual traditions across disciplinary and thematic boundaries in the natural and social sciences, the humanities, art and fiction. Their intellectual subjects range from work that explores the political struggles of confronting slavery and the possibility of reparations in the Americas long after it was formally abolished, to sensitive treatments of graves of Franco’s Spain. We suggest that both the spectral turn and the forensic turn have provided lenses to conceptualize the social life of unwieldy pasts, by exploring its dynamics, practices, and the cultural transmissions. They have also offered a language to communities that mobilize the political strength of resentment, deepened by the late phase of global capitalism and its consequent, deepening inequalities.

scholarly journals School Choice Research and Politics with Pierre Bourdieu: New Possibilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ee-Seul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Politics Of Education ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Choice Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Association

Various sociological perspectives have been applied to facilitate school choice research over the past two decades, as showcased in this 2020 Yearbook of Politics of Education Association. Among them, Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts and theories stand out as a catalyst for the field’s sociological development. My first objective in this article is, thus, to assess the contributions of Bourdieu’s sociological theory to school choice scholarship to date. I review the established and emerging research studies to highlight the significance of Bourdieu’s conceptual system in illuminating the social dynamics of school choice. My second objective in this article is to discuss how Bourdieu’s geographical concerns and concepts have been underutilized in the field. Ultimately, I argue that Bourdieu’s sociospatial concepts can unlock new areas of research and politics by elucidating why and how school choice functions as a mechanism that accentuates social inequality, which is reproduced geographically.

scholarly journals Memory dynamics in times of crisis: An interview with Sarah Gensburger

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1388-1400
Author(s):  
Stef Craps ◽  
Catherine Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Local Space ◽  
The Creation

Working at the intersection of political science, ethnographic sociology, and contemporary historiography, Sarah Gensburger specializes in the social dynamics of memory. In this interview, she talks about her book Memory on My Doorstep: Chronicles of the Bataclan Neighborhood, Paris 2015–2016, which traces the evolving memorialization processes following the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, their impact on the local landscape, and the social appropriations of the past by visitors at memorials and commemorative sites. She also discusses her new project Vitrines en confinement—Vetrine in quarantena (“Windows in Lockdown”), which documents public responses to the coronavirus pandemic from different sites across Europe through the creation of a photographic archive of public space. The interview highlights issues around the immediacy of contemporary memorialization practices, the ways in which people engage with their local space during times of crisis, and how we are all actively involved in preserving memory for the future.

Trends and Patterns in Latin American Criminality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Country Differences

This chapter presents a comprehensive evaluation of Latin American trends in violent and property crime over the past twenty-five to thirty years, displays short and long time series for different countries, and describes various types of crimes in the region. Different data sources depict the clear upward trend in criminality and country differences in the intensity of crime. This chapter also discusses the merits of transcending homicide data to fully assess the social transformations occurring in the region. Finally, it describes the dependent variable of this book.

People and Change in Indigenous Australia

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Racial Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Indigenous Australia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Histories

Since the advent of European settlement, indigenous Australians have been subject to continual change and entrenched inequality. This has been their shared experience even as regional histories have diverged. These essays address the lives of indigenous Australians through a focus on the person. Various contexts are described including family and community groups, regional diaspora and inter-racial relations, along with a striking range of experience, from indigenous heavy metal gangs and rebellious, forthright women to the social dynamics of childhood and the effects of long-term unemployment. Issues are discussed against a backdrop of different regions including the remote north, the desert center, and the densely populated southeast of Australia.Convinced that accounts of indigenous Australians must become more dynamic and diverse, People and Change traces the development of Australianist ethnography as a tool for understanding personhood and places this research in a comparative and theoretical perspective. The collection provides new and nuanced insights on the past, the present and likely trajectories of indigenous Australians today.

Populism and the yearning for closure: From economic to cultural fragility

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-492
Author(s):  
Sibylle van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social World ◽  
Western World ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western Democracies

Since the Brexit-vote and the election of a far-right businessman as President of the United States, the social sciences have been struggling to explain the societal conditions that nourish the increasing appeal of far-right parties and leaders in the Western world. The article’s main thesis is that the currently leading sociological paradigm, the theory of globalization losers, is not sufficient to understand the social dynamics in question. Starting from a discussion of the recent work of German sociologist Wilhelm Heitmeyer, it is argued that the best insight in far-right voter’s motivations and emotions can be found in the work of Margaret Canovan. The article shows further that a sociological investigation into the socio-psychological dynamics of the rise of the far-right should take into account broader cultural transformations that have been weakening the social world of Western democracies in the past 30 years, namely individualization, acceleration and demographic decline. In times of crisis (the ‘modernization’ of Eastern Europe and the financial crisis of 2007), these transformations become manifest as a general crisis of advanced capitalism.

scholarly journals United by Rage, Self-Loathing, and Male Supremacy: The Rise of the Incel Community

INvoke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Labbaf
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Echo Chamber ◽  
Male Supremacy

Since the 1990’s the internet has fundamentally transformed social relations by giving rise to cyber-communities, which have brought new kinds of polymorphous, highly personalized, and lifestyle-oriented social groups. They have also given rise to new political movements, including extremist internet groups, that can be severely detrimental to the sustainable wellbeing of society (Delanty 2018, 200). Over the past decade, a fringe internet group known as the involuntary celibates (Incels) have developed mainstream infamy for their extreme misogynistic rhetoric and reactionary anti-feminist language, which has manifested into several terrorist attacks (Olheiser, 2018). It can be argued that Incels have developed an online community centred on the desire for society to revert to absolute patriarchy that dehumanizes women as mere sexual commodities and vehemently oppose the idea of women’s empowerment and sexual liberation (Tolentino 2018). In this paper, we will be analyzing the social dynamics and methods of communication within this fringe echo-chamber, we can better determine if the values of hate, self-loathing and misogyny can facilitate deliberation and in turn constitute the Incels as a legitimate community.

scholarly journals Changes in social capital of rice farmers: An antropological study for buginese farmers

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Thamrin Pawalluri ◽  
Darmawan Salman ◽  
Imam Mujahidin Fahmid ◽  
Hidayat Marmin ◽  
Arfenti Amir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
The Government

Local institutions that encourage self-organization to achieve shared goals are a characteristic of social capital. In Indonesia, social capital in farming communities is tudangsipulung or sitting one another in deciding various matters related to farming. However, tudangsipulung has been transformed. This study aims to determine the causes, processes, and consequences of social change in a tudangsipulung tradition. This research used a case study with a case unit in a village and collected data through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews. The results showed that the cause of the change was an abandonment of traditional rituals in farming because farmers considered such rituals to delay activities and require cost to reduce the effectiveness and efficiency. In addition, there is also a shift in the position of actors, where the schedule of the planting, which indigenous knowledge possessed by traditional leaders previously determined, changed to the role of climatologists and officials from the government. The process of social change takes a long time and slowly, along with the social dynamics of the rice farming community, which makes tudangsipulung tradition a place to work together to achieve a shared goal for farmers. The process of social change has consequences for eliminating a need to give each other kindness and lack of trust among farmers.

scholarly journals Gender Differences In Computer Usage

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
M.Sadiq Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Work Place ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
The Social

Today in every walk of life both genders play their own roles in all fields which creates equilibrium in respected fields. This balance is seemed to be falling apart in the field of computers due to the comparatively less representation of female in this field. There are many reasons of this gender imbalance which seem to define computer technology as a male dominating field. Computers have intruded our lives in a big way. This technology has much evolved in the past two decades, and now it has become part of our lives. In today’s world the growth of the internet has changed the social dynamics. This includes their personal interaction with all others and the ways they form communities. In this article facts are highlighted that how society and personal relationship are changing in the computer’s age, and I highlighted some measures that can be helpful to reduce the gender bias at any work place.

Paradigma Ushul Fiqih dalam Nuansa Ilmu Sosial

EMPIRISMA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaerul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social

Abstract Ushul Fiqih is not only used to solve the problems of Muslims through the enactment of laws that the equivalent has been exist in the past, but also it is to show that the method of Ushul Fiqih actually has social dimension whose development can follow the social dynamics movement in Indonesian society that changes rapidly. Through the effort of integrating textual understanding with empirical understanding, it can create a methodology that can be used to answer society’s problems that evolve dynamically. So that the existence of Ushul Fiqih can be used as a tool for social benefit. Abstrak Ushul Fiqih tidak hanya digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan umat Islam melalui penetapan hukum yang padanannya telah ada di masa silam, tetapi juga menunjukkan bahwa metode Ushul Fiqih sesungguhnya memiliki dimensi sosial kemasyarakatan yang perkembangannya dapat mengikuti gerak dinamika sosial pada masyarakat Indonesia yang begitu cepat berubah. Melalui upaya memadukan pemahaman tekstual dengan pemahaman empiris, akan dihasilkan sebuah metodologi yang dapat digunakan dalam mejawab persoalan masyarakat yang berkembang secara dinamis. Sehingga keberadaan Ushul Fiqih dapat dijadikan sarana bagi kemaslahatan sosial. Kata Kunci: Ushul Fiqih, Analisa Sosial dan Kemaslahatan Sosial.

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