Species-Specific Information – Techniques for Handling, Sexing, Injection, and Blood Collection

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-136
Keyword(s):  
Blood Collection ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Species Specific

Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Linda Sicko-Goad
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

Chemical fractionation tests on South African coal sources to obtain species-specific information on ash fusion temperatures (AFT)

Fuel ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (14-15) ◽  
pp. 1768-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. van Dyk ◽  
L.L. Baxter ◽  
J.H.P. van Heerden ◽  
R.L.J. Coetzer
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Recognition of arthropod species names using bigram-based classification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennien Raffington ◽  
Dirk Steinke ◽  
Dan Tulpan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Species Discovery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Relationship Extraction ◽  
As Species ◽  
External Software ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bayesian Logistic Regression

Abstract BackgroundThe task of recognizing species names in scientific articles is a quintessential step for a large number of applications in high-throughput text mining and data analytics, such as species-specific information collection, construction of species food networks and trophic relationship extraction. These tasks become even more important in fast-paced species-discovery areas such as entomology, where an impressive number of new arthropod species are discovered each year. This article explores the use of twocharacter n-grams (bigrams) in machine learning models for arthropod species name recognition. This particular method has been previously applied successfully to the task of language identification [1] but the application to species name identification had yet to be explored.ResultsArthropod species names, regular English words used in scientific publications and person names were collected from the public domain and bigrams were extracted and used as classifier features. A number of learning classifiers spanning 7 algorithmic categories (tree-based, rule-based, artificial neural network, Bayesian, boosting, lazy and kernel-based) were tested and the highest accuracies were consistently obtained with LIBLINEAR [2], Bayesian Logistic Regression [3], the Multilayer Perceptron [4], Random Forest [5], and the LIBSVM [6] classifiers. When compared with dictionary-based external software tools such as GNRD [7] and TaxonFinder [8], our top-3 classifiers were insensitive to words capitalization and were able to correctly classify novel species names that are absent in dictionary-based approaches with accuracies between 88.6% and 91.6%.ConclusionsOur results suggest that character bigram-based classification is a suitable method for distinguishing arthropod species names from regular English words and person names commonly found in scientific literature. Moreover, our method can also be used to reduce the number of false positives produced by dictionary-based methods.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Behavioural Response of a Colony of Group-Housed  Hamadryas Baboons (Papio Cynocephalus Hamadryas) to Relocation to a More Naturalistic Enclosure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruth Laura Wood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Hamadryas Baboon ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Natural Leaf ◽  
Species Specific

<p>As part of Wellington Zoo’s current management philosophy to reduce the number of species and increase enclosure size, quality and appropriateness for those remaining animals, the zoo’s colony of hamadryas baboons (Papio cynocephalus hamadryas) was relocated within the zoo to a purpose-designed and more naturalistic exhibit. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine group and individual responses of five of these baboons to their new enclosure. In so doing, this investigation was intended to address the shortage of quantitative, species-specific information on environmental enrichment for Papio baboons (Kessel and Brent 1996). The data collection method used in this investigation consisted of fifteen-minute focal sampling of each of the five focal animals in the two months before and the month following the colony’s relocation. For the purposes of this investigation, these focal samples were initially analysed together, prior to each focal animal being considered independently. Analysis of data extracted from these focal samples included consideration of: • The overall occurrence of individual behaviours between the former and new enclosures; • Additions to the animals’ behavioural repertoires upon relocation; and, • Time the animals spent alone and interacting socially. Upon the colony’s relocation, changes in the combined focal animals’ behaviour were anticipated as a result of greater space, areas of privacy, and increased environmental variation. Focal sampling revealed increasingly naturalistic behaviours, including a reduction in vacuum and vestigial behaviours, and an increase in speciestypical behaviour. Results also indicated that the combined focal animals experienced unexpectedly low levels of “agonistic” (i.e. aggressive) behaviour in both enclosures. However, there was a reduction in some associated behaviours upon the colony’s relocation. This included a decline in male rivalry over females. Differences in the responses of individual focal animals to relocation were also anticipated. Of particular interest were results indicating an increasing similarity of individual roles within one-male units to those of free-ranging hamadryas baboons. These roles were associated with both age and sex. This study raises implications for improving the current management of the Wellington Zoo colony and other captive hamadryas baboon colonies. These include emphasising the importance of appropriate husbandry and feeding schedules. It also raises implications for the future management of other captive Papio baboon colonies in terms of enclosure redesign. These include the benefit of incorporating naturally occurring environmental factors, such as natural leaf litter. This study is also of value from a management perspective as a baseline for future investigations. Such investigations could include long-term monitoring of this colony’s use of environmental enrichment in the new enclosure and consideration of the animals’ behaviour as the colony is encouraged to expand.</p>

Predicting the interactions between “ecologically equivalent” indigenous and nonindigenous brachyurans

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Breen ◽  
Anna Metaxas
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Predictive models used to determine the impacts of nonindigenous brachyurans on their “ecological equivalents” in marine ecosystems are sorely lacking. Determining the spatial and temporal extent and magnitude of such impacts by nonindigenous species is difficult because of the broad range of qualitative and quantitative criteria currently used to describe their effects. Forecasting potential impacts requires the development of predictive models that incorporate the effects of interspecific interactions and the mechanisms that give rise to these interactions. Successful validation of such models requires improved techniques for measuring and estimating the functional responses on bioenergetic processes across species compositions, abundances, and environmental conditions. Species-specific information used to support predictive modeling of nonindigenous brachyurans is currently heavily biased towards (i) estimating per capita consumption and growth rates in laboratory conditions and (ii) incorporating the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on these measures. Robust predictive models require repetitive experimentation that advances the understanding of species’ interactions (beyond consumption alone) across variable densities and considers their effects across different spatial and temporal scales.

Corrigendum to: All good things come in threes – species delimitation through shape analysis of saccular, lagenar and utricular otoliths

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Tanja Schulz-Mirbach ◽  
Martin Plath
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Stock Identification ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fourier Shape Analysis ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

Otoliths are calcium carbonate biomineralisates in the inner ear of teleost fishes. Otoliths of the saccule (sagittae) are known to show species-specific (or even population-specific) contour differences and, thus, are regularly used in fisheries management for stock identification. However, the other two otolith types from the utricle (lapilli) and lagena (asterisci) are typically neglected in studies of this kind, such that little information is available regarding potential species-specific contour differences. Using four species of livebearing fishes of the genus Poecilia (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), we compared contour outlines of all three otolith types by applying Fourier shape analysis and tested for species delimitation success of the different otolith types alone, and all three otoliths combined. Our results indicated that also lapilli and especially asterisci convey species-specific information, and the classification success of discriminant function analyses was highest when combining shape information from all three otolith types. We propose that future studies on species delimitation or stock identification may benefit from considering all three otolith types together.

scholarly journals Variation in Phosphorus Availability, Root Architecture Attributes, and Onset of Storage Root Formation among Sweetpotato Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1911
Author(s):  
Arthur Villordon ◽  
Jeffrey C. Gregorie ◽  
Don LaBonte
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Species Specific

The primary objective of this work was to generate species-specific information about root architectural responses to variations in inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability at the onset of storage root formation among six sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars. Three Pi levels were used: 0 (low Pi); 0.17 (medium Pi); and 0.34 (high Pi) g/pot triple super phosphate (0N–46P–0K). The check cultivar ‘Bayou Belle’ (BB) consistently showed evidence of storage root formation at 15 days in adventitious roots (ARs) grown across three Pi levels and two planting dates (PDs). Storage root formation was also detected in ‘Orleans’ (OR) and ‘Beauregard’ (BX), but it was less consistent relative to BB. In general, BB had the lowest adventitious root (AR) number relative to the other cultivars, but the magnitudes of difference varied with Pi availability and PD. With the first PD, BX had a 45% higher AR number compared with BB in low Pi conditions; however, there were no differences in the second PD. Within cultivars, BX and Okinawa grown in low Pi showed combined 17% and 24% reductions in primary root length (PRL) relative to roots grown in high Pi. BB had a higher lateral root number (LRN) and lateral root density (LRD) across Pi levels, corroborating prior data regarding the association of these root architectural attributes with the onset of storage root formation. The experimental data support the hypothesis regarding the existence of genetic variation for Pi efficiency in sweetpotato and that some well-documented Pi-efficient root traits like high LRN and LRD are indirectly selected for in-breeding programs that focus on early storage root formation and stable yields across environments.

PSXIII-27 Oklahoma State University constructing diversified learning for extension educators

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Jazmin A Markey ◽  
Angel Riggs ◽  
Alexi Moehlenpah ◽  
David Lalman ◽  
Dan Stein
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
State University ◽  
Oklahoma State University ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Extension Educators ◽  
Course Work ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract The role of extension educators is to convey cutting-edge information to the varying sectors of the agricultural industry. In recent years, Oklahoma State University has initiated the process of creating online continuing education courses for Oklahoma-based extension educators. The objective is to develop online modules to enhance educator professional development through expansion of animal science knowledge. In the spring of 2021, Oklahoma extension educators will receive the opportunity to enroll in the introductory level course of this series, “Livestock Production Practices 101” (LPP 101). LPP 101 has been designed for extension educators that have little to no animal science background. The course will be comprised of eight lessons. The eight lessons include livestock species terminology, vision, hearing and handling, nutrient classification, digestive anatomy, reproductive anatomy, life cycles - from conception to consumption, breeds and genetic evaluation parameters, and comparative anatomy. Each lesson will convey species-specific information relative to cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens. Lessons will include activities such as readings and interactive illustrations. At the conclusion of each lesson, knowledge checks will be given as review to prepare educators for a quiz. Knowledge checks and quiz questions will be a combination of fill-in the blank, multiple choice, matching, and species-specific sorting. Educators must obtain an eighty percent or higher on all lesson quizzes to receive a course certificate. Educators will complete approximately five hours of course work over a ten-week period. A survey will be offered at the conclusion of the course to assess whether the educator found the course to be both engaging and beneficial. The survey will also serve as a guide as to which topics provided in this course would be sought after if developed into courses of their own.

Elasmobranchs longline fisheries in the Gulf of Gabès (southern Tunisia)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Echwikhi ◽  
B. Saidi ◽  
M.N. Bradai
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Sandbar Shark ◽  
Carcharhinus Plumbeus ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Size Limits ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Longline Fisheries

In Tunisia, elasmobranch landings have decreased substantially in recent years. Generally, species-specific information is largely unavailable for artisanal fisheries, but it is essential to increase knowledge and to ensure proper management of these species. This study analysed elasmobranch catches with longline fishery in the Gulf of Gabès. In total, 21 and 20 pelagic and bottom longline fishing trips were conducted, respectively, from July to September in 2007 and 2008. A total of eight elasmobranch species were caught: four batoids and four sharks. Pelagic longline captures were hooked externally while a high number of individuals captured with bottom longline were hooked internally. Discards due essentially to low commercial value and size represented 7.6% of total number of elasmobranch specimens caught. Longline landings in the Gulf of Gabès were principally composed of sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, representing, respectively, 94.14% and 21.17% in number of pelagic and bottom longline captures. The importance of rhinobatids and Mustelus capture with bottom longline reflect their abundance in this area compared to other Mediterranean zones. Juveniles, including neonates with umbilical scars, dominated carcharhnids specimens, while smoothhound and guitarfish captures were dominated by mature individuals. Mitigation measures based on gear modifications, size limits and delineated nursery areas in the Gulf of Gabès should be developed to protect these vulnerable species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document