scholarly journals Shortest, Fastest, and Foremost Broadcast in Dynamic Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (04) ◽  
pp. 499-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Casteigts ◽  
Paola Flocchini ◽  
Bernard Mans ◽  
Nicola Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Dynamic Graphs ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Minimum Duration ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Highly dynamic networks rarely offer end-to-end connectivity at a given time. Yet, connectivity in these networks can be established over time and space, based on temporal analogues of multi-hop paths (also called journeys). Attempting to optimize the selection of the journeys in these networks naturally leads to the study of three cases: shortest (minimum hop), fastest (minimum duration), and foremost (earliest arrival) journeys. Efficient centralized algorithms exists to compute all cases, when the full knowledge of the network evolution is given. In this paper, we study the distributed counterparts of these problems, i.e. shortest, fastest, and foremost broadcast with termination detection (TDB), with minimal knowledge on the topology. We show that the feasibility of each of these problems requires distinct features on the evolution, through identifying three classes of dynamic graphs wherein the problems become gradually feasible: graphs in which the re-appearance of edges is recurrent (class [Formula: see text]), bounded-recurrent ([Formula: see text]), or periodic ([Formula: see text]), together with specific knowledge that are respectively n (the number of nodes), Δ (a bound on the recurrence time), and p (the period). In these classes it is not required that all pairs of nodes get in contact — only that the overall footprint of the graph is connected over time. Our results, together with the strict inclusion between [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], implies a feasibility order among the three variants of the problem, i.e. TDB[foremost] requires weaker assumptions on the topology dynamics than TDB[shortest], which itself requires less than TDB[fastest]. Reversely, these differences in feasibility imply that the computational powers of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] also form a strict hierarchy.

Network Dynamics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dodds ◽  
Duncan J. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Diffusion Potential ◽  
Edge Based ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Network Diffusion

This article explores dynamic networks and diffusion, with particular emphasis on evolving traces of enacted social relations. It begins with a review of models for the evolution of networks over time — making a distinction between ‘node-based’ and ‘edge-based’ models — and more specifically how and why networks change. It then considers how network timing affects the flow of things across networks, focusing on how edge timing reshapes the set of paths potentially useful for diffusion. It also discusses the structure requirements for network diffusion and shows how these requirements are affected when we assume edges come and go over time. Finally, it describes the effect of tie order on diffusion potential as well as the correlation between network evolution and diffusion.

scholarly journals Three Evidence Based Methods to Compensate for a Lack of Subject Background when Ordering Chemistry Monographs

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Library System ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Objective – The aim of this article is to present evidence based methods for the selection of chemistry monographs, particularly for librarians lacking a background in chemistry. These methods will be described in detail, their practical application illustrated, and their efficacy tested by analyzing circulation data. Methods – Two hundred and ninety-five chemistry monographs were selected between 2005 and 2007 using rigorously-applied evidence based methods involving the Library's integrated library system (ILS), Google, and SciFinder Scholar. The average circulation rate of this group of monographs was compared to the average circulation rate of 254 chemistry monographs selected between 2002 and 2004 when the methods were not used or were in an incomplete state of development. Results – Circulations/month were on average 9% greater in the cohort of monographs selected with the rigorously-applied evidence based methods. Further statistical analysis, however, finds that this result can not be attributed to the different application of these methods. Conclusion – The methods discussed in this article appear to provide an evidence base for the selection of chemistry monographs, but their application does not change circulation rates in a statistically significant way. Further research is needed to determine if this lack of statistical significance is real or a product of the organic development and application of these methods over time, making definitive comparisons difficult.

scholarly journals Kilburn High Road Revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Capineri
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Service Management ◽  
Street Life ◽  
The Many ◽  
High Road ◽  
Simple Narrative ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Drawing on John Agnew’s (1987) theoretical framework for the analysis of place (location, locale and sense of place) and on Doreen Massey’s (1991) interpretation of Kilburn High Road (London), the contribution develops an analysis of the notion of place in the case study of Kilburn High Road by comparing the semantics emerging from Doreen Massey’s interpretation of Kilburn High Road in the late Nineties with those from a selection of noisy and unstructured volunteered geographic information collected from Flickr photos and Tweets harvested in 2014–2015. The comparison shows how sense of place is dynamic and changing over time and explores Kilburn High Road through the categories of location, locale and sense of place derived from the qualitative analysis of VGI content and annotations. The contribution shows how VGI can contribute to discovering the unique relationship between people and place which takes the form given by Doreen Massey to Kilburn High Road and then moves on to the many forms given by people experiencing Kilburn High Road through a photo, a Tweet or a simple narrative. Finally, the paper suggests that the analysis of VGI content can contribute to detect the relevant features of street life, from infrastructure to citizens’ perceptions, which should be taken into account for a more human-centered approach in planning or service management.

scholarly journals Authoring the Strange: The Evolving Notions of Authorship in Prefaces to Classical Chinese Supernatural Fiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Weightman
Keyword(s):  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Authorial Persona ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Supernatural Fiction

Abstract This article considers the ways in which ideas of authorship have been portrayed in the authorial prefaces (zixu) to a selection of classical Chinese tales of the supernatural (zhiguai). It posits that the authorial preface is a unique forum for exploring the interplay between the author, reader and text. Within the controversial and contested tradition of writings about strange and otherworldly phenomena, it argues that over time the zixu provided a platform for the emergence of an increasingly individualised authorial persona.

Substitution of Synthetic Fibers by Bio-Based Fibers in a Structural Mortar

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Audouin ◽  
Nicolas Philippe ◽  
Fabien Bernardeau ◽  
Mariann Chaussy ◽  
Sergio Pons Ribera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Formulation Parameters ◽  
Metallic Fibers ◽  
Important Objective ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

The use of bio-based material is now widespread in insulation concrete, for example hemp concrete. The bio-based materials in concrete provide many advantages: lightness, sound and thermal insulation, hydrothermal regulation while contributing to a reduction in the environmental impact due to the carbon capture during the plant growth. The development of materials incorporating plant is therefore an important objective for the construction. The next step will be to introduce bio-based materials in structural mortars and concretes. The project FIBRABETON proposes to substitute synthetic or metallic fibers by natural fibers in screed and slab. After a selection of biomass on the resources availability, separation and fractionation are the key step in processing to obtain technical natural fibers. Bulk fiber shaping and packaging methods for easy handling and transportation are tested. Then, functionalization of technical natural fibers by physical & chemical treatments to improve the durability with cement paste is carried out. The second step concerns the introduction of treated or not treated fibers in mortar and concrete formulations. The variation of the nature of the biomass, fibers shape and dosage in concrete are studied. The workability, the compressive strength and withdrawal resistance are measured in order to obtain the best formulation parameters. The evolution of properties over time is also evaluated. The project FIBRABETON is carried out with ESTP, FRD and Vicat and is subsidized by ADEME, Grand Est region and FEDER.

The Making of Ramblers 186 and 187

PMLA ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Arthur Sherbo
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Samuel Johnson ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

In 1734 Edward Cave, founder of the Gentleman's Magazine, received a pseudonymous letter whose writer made a number of suggestions for the improvement of the magazine. The writer, “S. Smith,” was a young man named Samuel Johnson who, four years later, was to take over duties which made him virtually the editor of the Gentleman's Magazine until 1745. During the period from 1738 to 1745, then, Johnson may be assumed to have had full knowledge of all contributions to the magazine as well as no little voice in the selection of those thought worthy of publication. Possibly the implications of this fact have not been fully realized. Johnson probably read most of the contributions with the critical eye of an editor and, I suppose it proper to conjecture, re-read or glanced over the periodical upon its monthly appearances. In short, one can assume Johnson's close familiarity with much of the contents of the Gentleman's Magazine for a number of years, and it is not surprising in view of his remarkable memory that he should sometimes fall back upon this large body of material, consciously or unconsciously, in his own writings. I hope to demonstrate here one such use of the contents of the magazine that led to the writing of Ramblers 186 and 187.

Assessing IPR Disclosure within Standard Setting

2015 ◽  
pp. 86-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Layne-Farrar
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mobile Telephony ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

As part of its “policy project to examine the legal and policy issues surrounding the problem of potential patent ‘hold-up' when patented technologies are included in collaborative standards,” the Federal Trade Commission held an all-day workshop on June 21, 2011. The first panel of the day focused on patent disclosure rules intended to encourage full knowledge of patents “essential” for a standard and therefore to prevent patent ambush. When patents are disclosed after a standard is defined, the patent holder may have enhanced bargaining power that it can exploit to charge excessive royalties (e.g., greater than the value the patented technology contributes to the product complying with the standard). In this chapter, the authors present a case study on patent disclosure within the ICT sector. Specifically, they take an empirical look at the timing of patent disclosures within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, the body responsible for some of the world's most prevalent mobile telephony standards. They find that most members officially disclose their potentially relevant patents after the standard is published, and sometimes considerably so. On the other hand, the authors also find that the delay in declaring patents to ETSI standards has been shrinking over time, with disclosures occurring closer to (although for the most part still after) the standard publication date for more recent standard generations as compared to earlier ones. This latter finding coincides with ETSI policy changes, suggesting that standards bodies may be able to improve patent disclosure with more precise rules.

Introduction

The Fixers ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Lindsay Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Journalism Ethics ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
International Reporting ◽  
The People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Foreign Correspondence ◽  
Over Time

The introduction to this book begins with a detailed description of what news fixers are and how their work has evolved over time. Since the book focuses primarily on news fixing in the 21st century, the introduction historicizes the figure of the fixer, illuminating the fixer’s connections to the interpreters or guides hired by explorers, missionaries, and anthropologists of past centuries. This brief but necessary historicization is firmly rooted within the critical framework of postcolonial studies, a theoretical lens that helps me explain the deeply entrenched tradition of colonial dependence on regionally specific knowledge—knowledge that unfortunately did not prevent the misrepresentation and exploitation of the people living in these other places. The introduction then moves to an examination of the news fixers’ current role within the larger ecosystem of international reporting. Building off the rich literature found in the field of journalism studies, which examines the various elements of the labor of foreign correspondence, the introduction will show that a space must be made within journalism scholarship for the study of news fixers. What is more, the field of global journalism ethics also has much to gain from a closer examination of these locally based media employees.

Evolution of Trust and Formation of Preference Clusters in Distributed Networked Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnendu Karmakar ◽  
Rajarshi Roy
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Over Time

Distributed network researchers are trying to address one important issue concerning networked structures and how the network came into existence, i.e., dynamics of network evolution. From the knowledge of social science it is observed that trust is one such metric that evolves with the network particularly where human interaction is involved. This work presents a “trust” model of the authors’ studies and its various properties. In virtual (and “real”) communities (chat rooms, blogs, etc.) behavioral segregation over time is observed. Differences in identities of interacting agents result in evolution of various degrees of “trust” (and “distrust’) among them over a period of time. This process ultimately leads to emergence of self-segregation in behavioral kinetics and results in formation of preference clusters.

scholarly journals Evolution of the China Railway Express Consolidation Network and Optimization of Consolidation Routes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Laijun Zhao ◽  
Zhaolin Cheng ◽  
Huiyong Li ◽  
Qingmi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Management Implications ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Selection Of

China Rail Express (CRE) is the international container train line that runs between China and Europe. Since the implementation of China’s Belt and Road initiative, CRE has developed rapidly. As most CRE trains travel directly from source to destination without load consolidation, CRE faces issues such as an insufficient cargo supply, a low load factor, and a low profit margin. To address these problems, we analyzed the selection of potential consolidation centers and the optimization of consolidation routes to these centers from the perspective of complex network evolution. First, we constructed rules for generation and evolution of the complex network. Next, we generated logistics connection topology networks for CRE from 2013 to 2017 using those rules. We then optimized the consolidation routes based on the network structures formed from those rules. Chongqing, Xi’an, Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Lanzhou, Urumqi, and Tianjin were selected as potential consolidation centers. We conclude with a sensitivity analyses and a discussion of management implications for CRE.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document