Liver Regeneration Enhanced by Orally Administered Ursodesoxycholic Acid is Mediated by Immunosuppression in Partially Hepatectomized Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Liu ◽  
Takeo Sakaguchi ◽  
Xing Cui ◽  
Yoshio Shirai ◽  
Tadashi Nishimaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Nk Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ursodesoxycholic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hepatocyte Mitotic Index

The relationship of liver regeneration to immunoactivity was examined after ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration to partially (about 66%) hepatectomized rats. The UDCA was given orally. Liver regeneration was evaluated by the hepatocyte mitotic index (MI) and immunoactivity by natural killer cell (NK) activity in the blood. When UDCA 12.5 mg/kg/day was administered, a significant increase in the MI was observed 2 and 3 days after hepatectomy, and the MI response 2 days after hepatectomy tended to be dose-dependent in the range of 0–25 mg/kg/day. NK activity was decreased 2 days after hepatectomy when UDCA was given, and a significant correlation between MI and NK activity was obtained. The increase in MI and decrease in NK activity was blocked completely or partially (respectively) by interleukin-2 administration. It was also noted that UDCA did not affect serum parameters indicating liver and kidney function. These findings suggest that liver regeneration can be modified by orally administered UDCA through a change in immunoactivity.

Psychosocial stress moderates the relationship of cancer history with natural killer cell activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Vitaliano ◽  
James M. Scanlan ◽  
Hans D. Ochs ◽  
Karen Syrjala ◽  
Ilene C. Siegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Relationship of retinoid and carotenoid metabolism with caecotrophy in rabbits.

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Annamária Kerti ◽  
L. Bárdos ◽  
J. Deli ◽  
P. Oláh
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
Carotenoid Metabolism ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of retinoid and carotenoid metabolism with caecotrophy was studied in adult female New Zealand White rabbits kept in individual metabolic cages. Caecotrophy was prevented by the use of plastic collars. The dry matter, crude protein, fibre, fat and ash contents of hard and soft faecal samples were determined. The retinoid (retinol and retinyl palmitate) and carotenoid (canthaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin) levels of the blood, liver, kidney, caecal content and faeces were also measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The prevention of caecotrophy resulted in a significant decrease of blood retinol (P < 0.001) and retinyl palmitate (P < 0.01) concentration but it did not cause any significant change in the retinol and retinyl palmitate contents of the liver and kidney. The caecal content (25.78 ± 6.87 µg/g) and the soft faeces (34.52 ± 10.48 µg/g) contained the retinoids in similar amounts. Various carotenoids were found in considerable amounts in different types of faeces, while in the tissues (blood, liver and kidney) these pigments did not occur in substantial amounts. Total carotenoid concentration was similar in the caecal content (11.23 μg/g) and in the caecotroph (13.85 μg/g). On the basis of the results it can be assumed that the retinoid content of rabbit feed could be lowered in the presence of adequate caecal function and caecotrophy.

scholarly journals Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rat epididymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes by adrenaline

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Smith ◽  
E D Saggerson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fat Pads

1. Dose-dependent effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity were investigated with both incubated rat epidiymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes. 2. Adrenaline (10nM- 5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml). Changes in [U-14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids in these tissues correlated only loosely with changes in PDHa activity. There was a good inverse relationship between adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity and increases in lipolysis (glycerol release). 3. Adrenaline (10nM - 0.5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml), whereas 1 micrometer- and 5 micrometer-adrenaline slightly increased PDHa activity. All concentrations of adrenaline tested decreased [U-14C]pyruvate incorporation into fatty acids. Between 10nM- and 0.5 micrometer-adrenaline percentage decreases in PDHa activity paralleled decreases in faty acid synthesis. 4. Effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity and fatty acid synthesis in fat-pads incubated with 5mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml) could not be mimicked by addition of albumin-bound palmitate. 5. The response of PDHa activity to adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) in isolated adipocytes differed with the carbohydrate substrate used in the incubations. With 5 mM-glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml), PDHa activity was significantly increased by 10 nM-adrenaline, but not by 1 micrometer-adrenaline, the response to adrenaline being biphasic. There was some correlation between PDHa activity and accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids. With 5 mM-glucose alone adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) had no effect on PDHa activity even though lipolysis was increased by adrenaline (0.1 micrometer - 1 micrometer). With 5mM-fructose in the presence and absence of insulin, lipolytic doses of adrenaline decreased PDHa activity. No tested concentrations of adrenaline increased PDHa with this substrate. 6. In the presence of 5 mM-fructose, palmitate was significantly more effective than adrenaline with respect to the maximum decrease in PDHa activity that could be elicited. 4. The relationship of changes in PDHa activity to changes in lipogenesis and the likelihood of adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity being secondary to changes in non-esterified fatty acid metabolism are discussed.

scholarly journals Commitment to expression of the metalloendopeptidases, collagenase and stromelysin: relationship of inducing events to changes in cytoskeletal architecture.

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Werb ◽  
R M Hembry ◽  
G Murphy ◽  
J Aggeler
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Agents that alter the morphology of rabbit synovial fibroblasts induce synthesis of the metalloendopeptidases, collagenase and stromelysin. We studied the relationship of cytoskeletal changes to the commitment to expression of these metalloendopeptidases. Cells treated with cytochalasin B (CB) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate rounded, and only cells that had lost their stress fibers expressed collagenase and stromelysin, as determined by immunofluorescence. We concentrated on the effects of CB because of its rapid reversibility. When CB was added for 1-24 h, then removed, the cells respread within 30-60 min. The minimum period of CB treatment that committed cells to the subsequent synthesis of collagenase and stromelysin was 3 h. After initial treatment with 2 micrograms/ml CB for 3-24 h, or with various concentrations of CB (0-2 micrograms/ml) for 24 h, both enzyme activity and biosynthesis of the proenzymes showed a graded increase when measured at 24 h. Even after treatment with 2 micrograms/ml CB for only 3 h, greater than 85% of all cells were positive for both collagenase and stromelysin when cells were monitored by immunofluorescence. In contrast, when the dependence of collagenase and stromelysin expression on the inducing concentration of CB was examined, there was a dose-dependent increase in the number of cells positive for collagenase and stromelysin, as determined by immunofluorescence. Thus, at low concentrations of CB (less than 0.5 micrograms/ml), a heterogeneous population response was observed. These results suggest that the commitment of fibroblasts to induction of the metalloproteinases is a stochastic process in which a second signal that correlates with the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton may be rate-limiting for collagenase and stromelysin gene expression.

scholarly journals Early Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-2 Responses to Vaccination Predict the Late Resting Memory in Malaria-Naïve and Malaria-Exposed Individuals

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6331-6338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Bejon ◽  
Sheila Keating ◽  
Jedidah Mwacharo ◽  
Oscar K. Kai ◽  
Susanna Dunachie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Two different cell populations respond to potent T-cell-inducing vaccinations. The induction and loss of effector cells can be seen using an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, but the more durable resting memory response is demonstrable by a cultured ELISPOT assay. The relationship of the early effector response to durable resting memory is incompletely understood. Effector phenotype is usually identified by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production, but interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been specifically linked to the differentiation of memory cells. Here, IFN-γ- and IL-2-secreting effector cells were identified by an ex vivo ELISPOT assay 1 week after vaccination and compared with the resting memory responses detected by a cultured ELISPOT assay 3 months later. The different kinetics and induction of IL-2 by different vaccines and natural exposure are described. Furthermore, both early IFN-γ and IL-2 production independently predicted subsequent memory responses at 3 months in malaria-naïve volunteers, but only IFN-γ predicted memory in malaria-exposed volunteers. However, dual ELISPOT assays were also performed on malaria-exposed volunteers to identify cells producing both cytokines simultaneously. This demonstrated that double-cytokine-producing cells were highly predictive of memory. This assay may be useful in predicting vaccinations most likely to generate stable, long-term memory responses.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ANGIOSPERMIC EPIPHYTES ON THE RELATIVE STATUS OF ERGOSTEROL AND ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE IN FUNGAL PATHOGENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
HAMZAH JUMAH ESSA BARKAH ◽  
S. LOKESH
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

Objective: In the present study, emphasis has been made to assay the antifungal activity of some angiospermic epiphytes like Cuscuta reflexa, Viscum orientale, Cymbidium bicolor, Bulbophyllum propinquum, Hoya ovalifolia and Dendrophthoe falcata. Methods: The antifungal activity due to epiphytes extracts was expressed in term of reduction in dry biomass of fungi based on the relationship of ergosterol content and electrolyte leakage in fungal pathogens viz., Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani treated with epiphytes extract. Results: Treated fungi showed increased in ergostesrol content and increased electrolyte leakage confirmed the pathetic situation of fungi; hence there was fungistatic effect, which was dose-dependent. Conclusion: The angiospermic epiphytes of selected species chosen for the study could be serves an alternative eco-friendly source to synthetic fungicides.

Iron Status and Resting Immune Function in Female Collegiate Swimmers

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Braun ◽  
Michael G. Flynn ◽  
Daniel L. Carl ◽  
Kathy K. Carroll ◽  
Todd Brickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Nk Activity ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
The Relationship

Iron deficiency may lead to anemia and may result in compromised endurance exercise performance. Iron deficiency has also been reported to adversely affect the immune system and has been associated with attenuation of natural killer cell (NK) activity. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between iron status and NK activity in highly conditioned female athletes. Ten collegiate female swimmers (SWM) and 9 inactive females (SED) participated in this investigation. Resting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for serum iron and ferritin. NK activity (% lysis) was determined using a whole blood method (51Cr release assay). No significant relationship was found between iron and NK activity (r = 0.55, p = .09), nor between serum ferritin and NK activity (r = 0.33. p = .35) for SWM. ANOVA revealed significantly greater NK activity for SWM (51.63 ± 15.79%) versus SED (30.34 ± 13.67%). Serum ferritin levels were not significantly different between SWM (20.38±8.62Ƞg · ml−1) and SED (16.79±10.53Ƞg · ml−1), nor were iron values different between groups (16.54 ± 2.17 μmol · L−1 SWM; 11.92 ± 2.61 μmol · L−1 SED). A significant relationship between iron status and resting immune function could not be established. Exercise training may affect NK activity; however, the influence of iron status on immune function requires further evaluation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document