scholarly journals EFFECT OF ANGIOSPERMIC EPIPHYTES ON THE RELATIVE STATUS OF ERGOSTEROL AND ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE IN FUNGAL PATHOGENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
HAMZAH JUMAH ESSA BARKAH ◽  
S. LOKESH
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Colletotrichum Dematium ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fungistatic Effect

Objective: In the present study, emphasis has been made to assay the antifungal activity of some angiospermic epiphytes like Cuscuta reflexa, Viscum orientale, Cymbidium bicolor, Bulbophyllum propinquum, Hoya ovalifolia and Dendrophthoe falcata. Methods: The antifungal activity due to epiphytes extracts was expressed in term of reduction in dry biomass of fungi based on the relationship of ergosterol content and electrolyte leakage in fungal pathogens viz., Colletotrichum dematium, Drechslera oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani treated with epiphytes extract. Results: Treated fungi showed increased in ergostesrol content and increased electrolyte leakage confirmed the pathetic situation of fungi; hence there was fungistatic effect, which was dose-dependent. Conclusion: The angiospermic epiphytes of selected species chosen for the study could be serves an alternative eco-friendly source to synthetic fungicides.

Sex Role and Relative Status in the Relationship of Mothers to Children

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Kogan ◽  
Herbert C. Wimberger
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rat epididymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes by adrenaline

1978 ◽  
Vol 174 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Smith ◽  
E D Saggerson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fat Pads

1. Dose-dependent effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity were investigated with both incubated rat epidiymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes. 2. Adrenaline (10nM- 5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml). Changes in [U-14C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids in these tissues correlated only loosely with changes in PDHa activity. There was a good inverse relationship between adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity and increases in lipolysis (glycerol release). 3. Adrenaline (10nM - 0.5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml), whereas 1 micrometer- and 5 micrometer-adrenaline slightly increased PDHa activity. All concentrations of adrenaline tested decreased [U-14C]pyruvate incorporation into fatty acids. Between 10nM- and 0.5 micrometer-adrenaline percentage decreases in PDHa activity paralleled decreases in faty acid synthesis. 4. Effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity and fatty acid synthesis in fat-pads incubated with 5mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml) could not be mimicked by addition of albumin-bound palmitate. 5. The response of PDHa activity to adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) in isolated adipocytes differed with the carbohydrate substrate used in the incubations. With 5 mM-glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml), PDHa activity was significantly increased by 10 nM-adrenaline, but not by 1 micrometer-adrenaline, the response to adrenaline being biphasic. There was some correlation between PDHa activity and accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids. With 5 mM-glucose alone adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) had no effect on PDHa activity even though lipolysis was increased by adrenaline (0.1 micrometer - 1 micrometer). With 5mM-fructose in the presence and absence of insulin, lipolytic doses of adrenaline decreased PDHa activity. No tested concentrations of adrenaline increased PDHa with this substrate. 6. In the presence of 5 mM-fructose, palmitate was significantly more effective than adrenaline with respect to the maximum decrease in PDHa activity that could be elicited. 4. The relationship of changes in PDHa activity to changes in lipogenesis and the likelihood of adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity being secondary to changes in non-esterified fatty acid metabolism are discussed.

scholarly journals Commitment to expression of the metalloendopeptidases, collagenase and stromelysin: relationship of inducing events to changes in cytoskeletal architecture.

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Werb ◽  
R M Hembry ◽  
G Murphy ◽  
J Aggeler
Keyword(s):  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Synovial Fibroblasts ◽  
Heterogeneous Population ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Agents that alter the morphology of rabbit synovial fibroblasts induce synthesis of the metalloendopeptidases, collagenase and stromelysin. We studied the relationship of cytoskeletal changes to the commitment to expression of these metalloendopeptidases. Cells treated with cytochalasin B (CB) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate rounded, and only cells that had lost their stress fibers expressed collagenase and stromelysin, as determined by immunofluorescence. We concentrated on the effects of CB because of its rapid reversibility. When CB was added for 1-24 h, then removed, the cells respread within 30-60 min. The minimum period of CB treatment that committed cells to the subsequent synthesis of collagenase and stromelysin was 3 h. After initial treatment with 2 micrograms/ml CB for 3-24 h, or with various concentrations of CB (0-2 micrograms/ml) for 24 h, both enzyme activity and biosynthesis of the proenzymes showed a graded increase when measured at 24 h. Even after treatment with 2 micrograms/ml CB for only 3 h, greater than 85% of all cells were positive for both collagenase and stromelysin when cells were monitored by immunofluorescence. In contrast, when the dependence of collagenase and stromelysin expression on the inducing concentration of CB was examined, there was a dose-dependent increase in the number of cells positive for collagenase and stromelysin, as determined by immunofluorescence. Thus, at low concentrations of CB (less than 0.5 micrograms/ml), a heterogeneous population response was observed. These results suggest that the commitment of fibroblasts to induction of the metalloproteinases is a stochastic process in which a second signal that correlates with the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton may be rate-limiting for collagenase and stromelysin gene expression.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of osteoporosis in statin-treated patients is dose-dependent

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Leutner ◽  
Caspar Matzhold ◽  
Luise Bellach ◽  
Carola Deischinger ◽  
Jürgen Harreiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Diagnosis Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Dependent Risks ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent

ObjectiveWhether HMG-CoA-reductase inhibition, the main mechanism of statins, plays a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, is not entirely known so far. Consequently, this study was set out to investigate the relationship of different kinds and dosages of statins with osteoporosis, hypothesising that the inhibition of the synthesis of cholesterol could influence sex-hormones and therefore the diagnosis of osteoporosis.MethodsMedical claims data of all Austrians from 2006 to 2007 was used to identify all patients treated with statins to compute their daily defined dose averages of six different types of statins. We applied multiple logistic regression to analyse the dose-dependent risks of being diagnosed with osteoporosis for each statin individually.ResultsIn the general study population, statin treatment was associated with an overrepresentation of diagnosed osteoporosis compared with controls (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 3.55 to 3.69, p<0.01). There was a highly non-trivial dependence of statin dosage with the ORs of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was underrepresented in low-dose statin treatment (0–10 mg per day), including lovastatin (OR: 0.39, CI 0.18 to 0.84, p<0.05), pravastatin (OR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89, p<0.01), simvastatin (OR: 0.70, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.86, p<0.01) and rosuvastatin (OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87, p<0.01). However, the exceeding of the 40 mg threshold for simvastatin (OR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.07, p<0.01), and the exceeding of a 20 mg threshold for atorvastatin (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.41 to 2.23, p<0.01) and for rosuvastatin (OR: 2.04, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.18, p<0.01) was related to an overrepresentation of osteoporosis.ConclusionOur results show that the diagnosis of osteoporosis in statin-treated patients is dose-dependent. Thus, osteoporosis is underrepresented in low-dose and overrepresented in high-dose statin treatment, demonstrating the importance of future studies’ taking dose-dependency into account when investigating the relationship between statins and osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Study of the relationship between geometric isomerism and biologically active properties of compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Arif G. Gasanov ◽  
◽  
Ilgar G. Ayyubov ◽  
Gulsum E. Hajiyeva ◽  
Fidan S. Qurbanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Geometric Isomerism ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inorganic Molecules ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The results of the research in the field of studying the relationship of the geometric structure of organic compounds with their biological activity are presented. It has been shown that the stereospecific structure of organic and inorganic molecules can have a direct effect on the biologically active properties of substances. Among the known types of stereoisomerism (geometric and optical), this work summarizes the effect of various types of geometric isomerism on the bioactivity of compounds. In addition, the results of the authors’ own research are presented. In particular, the results of studying the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of hydroxyalkyl monoesters of norbornedicarboxylic acid depending on their stereoisomeric forms in relation to various pathogenic microorganisms are shown. The studies were carried out by the serial dilution method. As nutrient media, we used MPA pH 7,2–7,4 for bacteria and Sabouraud’s medium for fungi. The incubation time in a thermostat for bacteria was 18–24 hours at 37ºC, for fungi 1–10 days at 28ºC. It has been noted that the endo-isomers of the synthesized compounds have a higher antimicrobial and antifungal activity against grampositive (Staphylococcus aureus), gramnegative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, as well as yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Based on the obtained test reports, the synthesized compounds have been recommended for use as local antiseptic preparations.

Liver Regeneration Enhanced by Orally Administered Ursodesoxycholic Acid is Mediated by Immunosuppression in Partially Hepatectomized Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Liu ◽  
Takeo Sakaguchi ◽  
Xing Cui ◽  
Yoshio Shirai ◽  
Tadashi Nishimaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Nk Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Ursodesoxycholic Acid ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Hepatocyte Mitotic Index

The relationship of liver regeneration to immunoactivity was examined after ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration to partially (about 66%) hepatectomized rats. The UDCA was given orally. Liver regeneration was evaluated by the hepatocyte mitotic index (MI) and immunoactivity by natural killer cell (NK) activity in the blood. When UDCA 12.5 mg/kg/day was administered, a significant increase in the MI was observed 2 and 3 days after hepatectomy, and the MI response 2 days after hepatectomy tended to be dose-dependent in the range of 0–25 mg/kg/day. NK activity was decreased 2 days after hepatectomy when UDCA was given, and a significant correlation between MI and NK activity was obtained. The increase in MI and decrease in NK activity was blocked completely or partially (respectively) by interleukin-2 administration. It was also noted that UDCA did not affect serum parameters indicating liver and kidney function. These findings suggest that liver regeneration can be modified by orally administered UDCA through a change in immunoactivity.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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