Cerebral Cortex Participation in the Physiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture Stimulation: A Study by Auditory Endogenous Potentials (P300)

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Nou-Ying Tang ◽  
Qwang-Yuen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neuropsychological Effects ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acupoint Specificity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although acupuncture has traditionally used the acupoints formula to treat diseases, the physiological mechanisms involved and the effectiveness of therapy remain unclear. This study investigated the physiological mechanism(s) and response to acupuncture stimulation using the acupoints formula. Scalp-recorded potentials P300 were evoked by auditory stimulation of non-target and target in 13 normal adult volunteers. Latencies and amplitudes were measured. Three assessments were performed in each subject over a period of at least one week. Each assessment was divided into a control period with no acupuncture stimulation, followed by an acupuncture period and then a post-acupuncture period. Acupuncture needles were inserted into the body as follows: 1) non-acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted 2 cm lateral to both Zusanli acupoints; 2) acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli acupoints; 3) acupoints formula: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli and Shousanli acupoints. Our results showed that both acupoint and acupoints formula assessments resulted in a significant decrease of P300 amplitudes during the acupuncture and post-acupuncture periods. However, there was significant difference in P300 amplitudes in the non-acupoint assessment during these periods. P300 changes in latencies and amplitudes were not significantly different between the acupoint assessment and the acupoints formula assessment. We concluded that acupuncture stimulation of both Zusanli acupoints resulted in a decrease of P300 amplitudes, suggesting the involvement of the cerebral cortex in sensory interaction when simultaneous sensations of the two types are received. No similar changes were observed in the non-acupoint assessment, which have been suggested to be related to so-called acupoint specificity. Results obtained using the acupoints formula were not significantly different from those using acupoints alone. These findings suggested that neuropsychological effects from stimulation of Zusanli acupoints and Shousanli acupoints are different.

Modulation of Cerebral Cortex in Acupuncture Stimulation: A Study Using Sympathetic Skin Response and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Liang Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Sympathetic Skin Response ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although acupuncture has been widely used for treating disorders, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear. In order to study the physiological mechanism of acupuncture stimulation, both palm recordings of sympathetic skin response (SSR) were evoked by electrical stimulation of the right median nerve on 13 normal adult volunteers. Median nerve evoked short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SEPs) recordings were taken at least one week after SSR recording. The latencies and amplitudes were calculated. N13 component was obtained from Cv7, and N20 and P25 were from somatosensory cortex. The control did not receive acupuncture stimulation. Acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli (St-36) acupoints as follows: 1) manual acupuncture (MA): using fingers to twist the acupuncture needle until so-called Der-Qi was obtained, 2) 2 Hz eletroacupuncture (EA): 2 Hz square-wave electrical pulse were applied between the Zusanli needle and the Shangjuxu (St-37) needle bilaterally. Our results indicated that the mean latencies of SSR were largest during 2 Hz EA followed by MA stimulation, whereas the period of control exhibited the shortest mean latencies. In contrast, the mean amplitudes of SSR were smallest during the period of 2Hz EA, followed by the period of MA, and the period of control exhibited the largest mean amplitudes of SSR. The latencies of N13, N20 and P25 remained unchanged, but the amplitudes of P25 were largest during the period of 2Hz EA, followed by the period of MA; the period of control exhibited the smallest mean amplitudes of SEPs. The results suggest that acupuncture stimulation of both Zusanli acupoints inhibited SSR, which implies that the cerebral cortex contributed at least in part to this inhibition. The stimulation effect of 2Hz EA is stronger than MA.

ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (1) ◽  
pp. 197-219
Author(s):  
I. V. Cheretaev ◽  
D. R. Khusainov ◽  
E. N. Chuyan ◽  
M. Yu. Ravaeva ◽  
A. N. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Electrical Stimuli

The purpose of the review is to summarize current literature data and the results of our own research on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of acetylsalicylic acid, as well as the physiological mechanisms underlying them. This acid is the most studied reference representative of salicylates, which is convenient to consider the physiological effects characteristic in general for this group of chemical and medicinal products. Acetylsalicylic acid has analgesic properties against thermal pain and pain caused by electrical stimuli, as well as a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The realization of these properties depends on the peculiarities of aspirin metabolism in the body, ion and synaptic mechanisms for controlling the functional state of the cell, neurotransmitter systems of the сentral nervous system, and mechanisms of peripheral and сentral analgesia. Analgesic properties of acetylsalicylic acid founded not only in normal, but also in ultra-small doses. Various physical and especially chemical factors significantly change their effects. This increases the interest in studying the analgesic activity of salicylates and their physiological mechanisms, since such studies can serve as a basis for creating new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with low toxicity and high safety for patients, and improve the strategy of their practical use. Currently, the most detailed study of the physiological mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory action of aspirin and its main metabolite – salicylic acid. However, it should be note that despite the abundance of existing data obtained in scientific studies of the effects of aspirin and its practical use, there are a number of unexplained aspects of the action of this drug, the mechanism of which has not yet been deciphered. The continuing interest in the effects and mechanisms of action of this drug and in connection with the expansion of its use evidenced by a consistently high number of scientific publications on aspirin in the most famous foreign and domestic publications. At the same time, the number of publications about aspirin is an order of magnitude higher than about any other drug known to humanity.

scholarly journals Are Primo Vessels (PVs) on the Surface of Gastrointestine Involved in Regulation of Gastric Motility Induced by Stimulating Acupoints ST36 or CV12?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Hongyan Shang ◽  
Yangshuai Su ◽  
Juanjuan Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acupuncture Meridian ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies showed primo vessels (PVs), which were referred to as Bonhan ducts (BHDs) and a part of circulatory system by Kim, located in different places of the body. The BHDs system was once considered as the anatomical basis of classical acupuncture meridian but not clearly identified by other investigators. In the present study, we tried to address the relationship between PVs and meridians through detecting the modulation of gastric motility by stimulating the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine, as well as acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12). The results showed electric stimulation of the PVs had no effect on the gastric motility. While stimulating CV12 inhibited gastric motility significantly in PVs-intact and PVs-cut rats, there is no significant difference between the inhibition rate of the PVS-intact and the PVS-cut rats. Stimulating at ST36 increased gastric motility significantly in both the PVs-intact and the PVs-cut rats, yet there was no significant difference between the facilitation rate of the both groups. Taken together, the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine did not mediate the regulation of gastric motility induced by stimulating at the acupoints ST36 or CV12.

scholarly journals Effect of acupuncture on intraocular pressure and tear production in healthy horses

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiene de Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Luiz Leite dos Santos Neto ◽  
Vital Henrique de Lira Silva ◽  
Alexandra Melo Oliveira ◽  
Péricles de Farias Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Needle Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT: Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese form of therapy that involves needle stimulation of specific points on the body for therapeutic and homeostatic effects. In ophthalmology, acupuncture helps as a conventional or adjuvant therapy for numerous eye disorders, including myopia, strabismus, dry eye, and cataracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on tear production (TP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses. Ten healthy horses, females and males with ages varying between eight months and nine years, were used. Schirmer’s I test and applanation tonometry were used to evaluate the basal TP and IOP of both eyes. The measurements were taken immediately before (T10) the insertion of the needles and 5 (T5), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) minutes and 24 (T24) hours after a 20-minute acupuncture session. Mean values of both eyes were analyzed over time. TP increased in 50% of the animals at T5, T15 and T24, in 30% at T30, and in 40% at T60, with an increase of up to 8.5 mm/min at T15 and T60. In addition, there was a significant difference between T24 and T30, with a 14.1% increase in TP at T24. Meanwhile, IOP decreased in 50% of the animals at T5 and T30, in 20% at T15, in 60% at T60, and in 70% at T24. Thus, we suggest that acupuncture is a technique that can benefit horses with diseases that alter these parameters, either alone or as an adjunct in conventional therapeutic protocols.

Phasic and tonic modulation of impulse rates in gamma-motoneurons during locomotion in premammillary cats

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Murphy ◽  
R. B. Stein ◽  
J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Root ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Nerve Branch ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Stimulation ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscles ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine the role of gamma-motoneurons in the control of locomotion, we isolated single units from nerves to triceps surae muscles in the premammillary cat. The limb used for recording was largely denervated, except for the muscles of interest, and fixed in place, while the other three limbs walked on a treadmill. One type of gamma-motoneuron (13 units) had a high impulse rate at rest, which changed little on average during walking, but was deeply modulated with each step (phasically modulated gamma-motoneuron or gamma p). Another type (19 units) had a low impulse rate at rest, which increased greatly on average during walking, but was not highly modulated with each step (tonically modulated gamma-motoneuron or gamma t). Peak gamma p rates generally occurred after peak EMG, often near the peak of tension. In contrast, peak gamma t activity generally preceded peak electromyograms (EMG). No significant difference was observed in conduction velocities for the two types of units. At rest all gamma t units were excited by natural stimulation of the fur over a large part of the body surface, whereas 3 of 11 gamma p units were inhibited. During locomotion the same natural stimuli had no observable effect on either type of unit. By recording in continuity from fine branches of the lateral and medial gastrocnemius nerves and stimulating ventral root filaments in continuity, we identified dynamic and static gamma-motoneurons in terms of their effects on muscle spindle afferents. After cutting the nerve branch distally and other ventral root filaments supplying the muscle, the resting discharge of dynamic and static gamma-motoneurons was recorded and found to correspond to that of the gamma p and gamma t units, respectively. Other evidence is presented for a correspondence between phasically and tonically modulated units and dynamic and static gamma-motoneurons, contrary to some suggestions in the literature.

The Physiological Mechanisms of 2 Hz Electroacupuncture: A Study Using Blink and H Reflex

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Chin-Hsin Wu ◽  
Jaung-Geng Lin ◽  
Chuang-Chien Chiu ◽  
Mike Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Our previous studies have shown that the cerebral cortex modulates the physiological mechanisms of acupuncture. However, the role of the brain stem and spinal cord in acupuncture remains unclear. The present study investigated the action of the brain stem and spinal cord in acupuncture. A total of eight healthy adult volunteers were studied. Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve in the supraorbital foramen was used to evoke the blink reflex. Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve in the right popliteal fossa was used to evoke the H reflex. Electroacupuncture (EA) of 2 Hz was applied to the Zusanli acupoint in the right or left leg. The area of the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex, and the greatest H/M ratio and H-M interval of the H reflex were measured before EA, during EA and at various post-EA periods. These data were analyzed quantitatively by a computerized electromyographic examination system. The results indicate that EA did not change the R1 and ipsilateral R2 components of the blink reflex. EA depressed the contralateral R2 component of the blink reflex 10 minutes and 40 minutes after the start of EA, but not after 5 minutes. EA applied to the Zusanli acupoint did not change the H/M ratio or the H-M interval of the H reflex. The results of this study indicate that 2 Hz EA of the Zusanli acupoint does not change the R1 component of the blink reflex, and the H/M ratio and the H-M interval of the H reflex, suggesting that 2 Hz EA does not change the monosynaptic reflex in the brain stem and spinal cord in humans. We also found that EA at 2-Hz depressed the contralateral but not the ipsilateral R2 component of the blink reflex, suggesting that longer pathways, perhaps including the cerebral cortex, may play a role in the physiological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of acupuncture.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Derinat® in form of spray in practice of district therapist

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
A. P. Babkin ◽  
A. A. Zuikova ◽  
O. N. Krasnorutskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Kotova ◽  
D. Yu. Bugrimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
T Killers ◽  
Stimulation Of

The widespread worldwide spread of acute respiratory diseases is an urgent problem in health care. Expressed polyetiology of respiratory diseases does not allow to limit the use of specific vaccine preparations and dictates the need to use to combat them a variety of non-specific means that stimulate the natural resistance of the human body. The main pharmacological action of sodium deoxyribonucleate is the stimulation of phagocytic activity of T-helpers and T-killers, increasing the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages, providing regeneration and repair processes in the epithelial component of antiviral protection of the body. Based on the above, the study of the clinical efficacy of Derinat® in the form of spray in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Göthe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Clearance ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quartz Dust ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

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