SINGAPORE AND ASEAN IN THE NEW REGIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (03) ◽  
pp. 479-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
PREMA-CHANDRA ATHUKORALA
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production

This paper examines the implications of international fragmentation of production for trade patterns of Singapore and the other ASEAN economies, with emphasis on their regional and global economic integration. The analysis reveals that the degree of dependence of these countries on this new global division of labor is much larger compared to the other countries of East Asia, Europe and North America. China has emerged as an important trading partner for ASEAN within regional production networks. Network-related trade in parts and components has certainly strengthened economic interdependence among ASEAN countries and between ASEAN, China and the other major economies in East Asia, but this has not lessened the dependence of growth dynamism of these countries on the global economy. The operation of the regional cross-border production networks depends inexorably on trade in final goods with North America and the European Union.

scholarly journals Production Networks and Trade Patterns in East Asia: Regionalization or Globalization?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prema-chandra Athukorala
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This paper examines the implications of global production sharing for economic integration in East Asia with emphasis on the behavior of trade flows in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis. Although trade in parts and components and final assembly within production networks (“network trade”) has generally grown faster than total world trade in manufacturing, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of international specialization is proportionately larger than elsewhere in the world. Network trade has certainly strengthened economic interdependence among countries in the region with the People's Republic of China playing a pivotal role as the premier center of final assembly. However, contrary to popular belief, this has not lessened the dependence of the export dynamism of these countries on the global economy. This inference is basically consistent with the behavior of trade flows following the onset of the global financial crisis.

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN EAST ASIA AND EUROPE: LESSONS FROM A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI CAPANNELLI ◽  
CARLO FILIPPINI
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Eu

This paper compares the economic integration processes of the European Union and the East Asian nations and comments on the possible reciprocal lessons, if any, that can be drawn to smooth the future paths of the two groups. The most relevant lessons on the EU side rely on strong institutionalization, structural policies, and the monetary union. Lessons from East Asia can be found in regional production networks, trade patterns, and the recent developments in financial cooperation. Both entities are presently facing difficult challenges to progress and growth.

scholarly journals Evolution of Machinery Production Networks: Linkage of North America with East Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuyo Ando ◽  
Fukunari Kimura
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Production Sharing ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production

This paper investigates new developments in the pattern of machinery trade, with a focus on the extent and depth of production networks in North America. We pay particular attention to North America's trade links with East Asia, which have intensified in the last two decades. Investigation of changes in total trade value and the growth of trade on the extensive margin both demonstrates the expanding fragmentation of production in North America as well as the strengthening of connections with Mexico. Our quantitative analysis, which is based on gravity estimation of trade volume and extensive margin trade responses, also provides evidence that U.S. imports of machinery from East Asia are especially strong, and further, that Mexico's role has changed, as it now provides a bridge for trade between East Asia and the United States. These new developments in the pattern of machinery trade reflect reductions in services link costs, the further evolution of production sharing in the U.S.–Mexico nexus, and the strengthening competitiveness of production networks based in East Asia.

scholarly journals Economic Integration and Network Trade: A Comparison of  East Asia  and the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-37
Author(s):  
Son Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Yanrui Wu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Intermediate Goods ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Regional Production ◽  
Intermediate Goods Trade

The emergence of production networks has changed the structure of international trade, which is characterized by a large share of intra-regional trade flows and a rising value of intermediate goods trade or network trade between countries within the same region. This paper investigates the change in impact of trade determinants with the formation of regional production networks. At the global level, the results show that intermediate goods exports are more sensitive to trade barriers than total goods exports. At the regional level, the comparison reveals that, despite the efforts directed toward export market diversification in East Asia, the region is still more dependent on other regions’ economic conditions than the European Union is.

EXPANDING FRAGMENTATION OF PRODUCTION IN EAST ASIA AND DOMESTIC OPERATIONS: FURTHER EVIDENCE FROM JAPANESE MANUFACTURING FIRMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
MITSUYO ANDO ◽  
FUKUNARI KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Fragmentation Of Production

This paper investigates the pattern of globalizing corporate activities of Japanese manufacturing firms and their domestic operations and international trade. More specifically, we compare changes in domestic operations and international trade of firms expanding operations in East Asia with those of firms not expanding operations in two contrastive periods, 1998–2002 and 2002–2006. In addition, we conduct analyses incorporating the information on the globalizing behavior in the former period for the latter period and analyses focusing only on non-MNEs or MNEs in line with the literature. Our study demonstrates that Japanese manufacturing firms with expanding operations in East Asia are more likely to increase domestic employment and the number of domestic affiliates and establishments as well as to intensify export/import activities with the region, particularly in the latter period, by effectively utilizing the mechanics of production process-wise division of labor in East Asia.

Renminbi Internationalization: Prospects and Implications for Economic Integration in East Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung Chul Park ◽  
Chi-Young Song
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Imbalance ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Rmb Internationalization

This paper argues that renminbi (RMB) internationalization and China's strategic interests in ASEAN will combine to deepen economic integration and pave the way for creating a de facto RMB bloc consisting of the 10 ASEAN countries, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan—a grouping we call ASEAN+New3. Such a currency bloc is likely to weaken the initiatives of the existing ASEAN+3 (China, Japan, and Korea) for regional monetary-financial cooperation because neither Japan nor can Korea join the new currency bloc for economic and political reasons. This paper also argues that RMB internationalization would delay the resolution of the trade imbalance between East Asia and the United States because China would be pressured by the other members of ASEAN+New3 to maintain stability of the RMB vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar.

scholarly journals The Role of Global Production Networks in Indonesian Exports

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4320-4330
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
The North ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Initial Source

This study looks into Indonesia’s participation in fragmented structures within the Global Value Chain. By using a global input-output dataset and splitting gross exports into distinctive elements of value-added, the study measures vertical specialization of Indonesia against its four largest trading partners (NAFTA, East Asia, European Union and ASEAN) covering 29 countries for three periods: 1997, 2004 and 2012. Value-added is computed according to the initial source country and in the last destination. The paper also compares Indonesia to its ASEAN partners. The results show that Indonesia moved from exporting 50% of its value-added through finished products in 1997 to being a supplier of intermediates goods in 2012 (nearly 60% of its value-added). Foreign inputs in Indonesian exports account for 12%, a lower share versus ASEAN regional partners (35%) who are more vertically integrated. A total of 21% of Indonesian goods will be further exported to third countries. The degree of vertical integration in Indonesia in 2012 is 32.3%, up from 26% in 1997. Indonesia advanced in integration with East Asia and ASEAN countries (region), while it lowered its share of value-added traded with the North America and the Europe. Indonesia gained more than any other ASEAN partner in intra-regional trade

scholarly journals The policy of the immigration process in Israel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Dinner ◽  
◽  
Ludmila Golovataia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
European Union Countries

A great deal of countries is currently absorbing waves of immigrants. It is true that in the past two years, 2018 – 2020, the immigration among countries has begun to decrease. However, if we take a look at the last decade, this is a worldwide movement, possessed by movement of populations. The absorbing countries were partially coordinated as per their absorption policy (mainly the European Union countries). In contrast, most of the other countries, inclusive of North America and Australia, are already ,,experienced”, and thus, already have clear policies at their disposal. This article will try to present the immigration process and absorption in Israel, and to point on problem steps.

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