DOES POPULATION AGING INCREASE PORK TRADE IN ASIA?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
HONGJUN TAO ◽  
LIANG ZHAO ◽  
JEFF LUCKSTEAD ◽  
CHAOPING XIE
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pork Industry ◽  
Pseudo Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Ratio Variables ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates the impact of population aging on bilateral pork trade between 32 Asian countries (regions) by using a gravity model that incorporates old-age dependency ratio variables. The Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood regression performs better than the ordinary least-squares method in the estimations. An aging labor force stimulates pork exports because it reduces pork production costs by supplying the pork industry with low-wage older laborers. An aging consumer-based economy increases pork imports because older consumers usually have higher incomes. Population aging has both a time characteristic and a country characteristic on pork trade in Asia. Increasing birth rates and reforming the pork industry from the supply side are two feasible policy recommendations for aging Asian countries (regions).

scholarly journals The effect of production costs on the provisioning management of materials: Evidence from paper industry in Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis-Ricardo Flores-Vilcapoma ◽  
Yuri Sanchez-Solis ◽  
Wagner Vicente-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Supply Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method

This paper presents an empirical investigation to evaluate the impact of purchase, storage and inventory management on the production costs of materials supply management in the Peruvian paper industry. A linear regression model was used under the ordinary least squares method to determine the causal relationship between the provisioning of materials and production costs. It was concluded that the evaluation of the effect between the study variables was inversely proportional, that is, as the management of purchase, storage, and inventory in companies improve, the production costs may also be reduced.

scholarly journals Impact of the Ownership Structure on the Financial Performance of Banks: Comparative Study between Conventional and Islamic Banks

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Achraf Haddad ◽  
Anis El Ammari ◽  
Abdelfattah Bouri
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Impact

According to the literature of corporate governance, ownership structure is advanced as a non-dissociable mechanism of control intended to follow the stakeholders and especially used by shareholders to monitor the conflicts of interest and the opportunistic behavior of managers. Several previous studies have focused on the impact of ownership structure on financial performance separately in conventional or in Islamic banks. However, the comparative studies between these two impacts are non-existent. In this research, we compared the impacts of this governance mechanism on the financial performance in the two types of banks by using the Ordinary Least Squares method. Data relating to financial performance and ownership structure of banks come from 16 countries. Two samples were collected: the first one included 63 conventional banks, whereas the second one integrated 63 Islamic banks whose data are available over the period (2010-2018). Panel results showed that partial effect of each determinant of ownership structure on each measure of financial performance varied from one banks’ type to another and from one performance measure to another. Besides, the reconciliation of similar models revealed many differences between the same impacts’ signs. Therefore, we concluded that in both banks’ types the ownership structure has a positive impact on the financial performance. While, the negative part of the same impact is less significant in Islamic banks. JEL Classification:  F33, G20, G21, G24, G30.

The Impact of Money Demand Motivation on Money Supply Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Arin Jannah Dinonasih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Precautionary Motive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method ◽  
Annual Period

This study aims to investigate the impact of money demand motive on a money supply based on keyness theory. The method used in this study is the ordinary least squares method with an annual period from 2011 to 2020. We find that In Indonesia, the money demand motive has a significant effect on money supply where the transaction motive has a significant negative relationship with the money supply. A precautionary motive has a significant positive correlation with the money supply. The motive of speculation has a significant positive relationship with the money supply.

Mandatory CSR expenditure and stock return

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-975
Author(s):  
Asit Bhattacharyya ◽  
Md Lutfur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose India has mandated corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure under Section 135 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013 – the first national jurisdiction to do so. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of mandated CSR expenditure on firms’ stock returns by using actual CSR spending data, whereas the previous studies mostly focus on voluntary CSR proxied by CSR scores. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate their baseline regression by using ordinary least squares(OLS) method. Although the baseline regression involving CSR expenditure and stock returns using ordinary least squares method are estimated, endogeneity and reverse causality biases are addressed by using two-stage least squares and generalized method of moments approaches. These approaches contribute mitigating endogeneity bias and biases associated with unobserved heterogeneity and simultaneity. Findings The findings document that mandatory CSR expenditure has a negative impact on firms’ stock returns which supports the “shareholders” expense’ view. This result remain robust after controlling for endogeneity bias and the use of both standard and robust test statistics. The authors however observe that this result holds for the firms with actual CSR expenditure equal to the mandated amount but does not hold for the firms with actual CSR expenditure greater than the mandated amount. Therefore, the authors provide evidence that CSR expenditure’s impact on stock returns depends on whether firms simply comply the regulation or voluntarily chose an amount of CSR expenditure above the mandated amount. Originality/value The primary contribution is to present a valid and robust evidence of negative effect of mandated CSR spending on firms’ stock returns when the mandatory CSR spending rule is already in place. This study contributes by examining the impact of mandated CSR spending on stock during post-implementation period (2015-2017), whereas other studies by Dharampala and Khanna (2018); Kapoor and Dhamija (2017); and Mukherjee et al. (2018) mainly examined the impact of legislation on Indian CSR. The authors use mandated actual CSR expenditure, whereas previous studies mostly focus on voluntary CSR proxied by CSR scores.

The double-edge resource-based view of logistics performance and governance in Asian countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Hui Koh ◽  
Wai Peng Wong ◽  
Chor Foon Tang ◽  
Ming K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeAsia has been transformed into a well-regulated dynamic platform for trade and is today world’s fastest-developing economic region. However, the increasing cross-border economic activities create new opportunities for corruption. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of corruption on trade facilitation using logistics performance index (LPI). This paper also examines the moderating effect of governance or government effectiveness (GE) on the relationship between corruption and LPI within Asian countries.Design/methodology/approachA panel of time-series data from year 2007 to 2014 of 26 Asian countries was collected for analysis. Static linear panel models which comprised of pooled ordinary least squares, fixed-effect model and random-effect model were utilised to analyse the panel data.FindingsThe findings show that corruption significantly affects LPI and each of the six dimensions in LPI. The results also show that governance or GE has a moderating effect on the relationship between corruption and LPI.Practical implicationsThis study benefits Asian governments to gain a better understanding on influences of corruption on trade facilitation and triggering suggestions of a government role in the relationship. Practically, the results could be used as a guideline in improving national LPI. Besides, the findings could be used to support policy decision to modify corruption regulations at the national and regional levels.Originality/valueThis study reveals that the optimistic view of sands in the wheel overcomes the dark side of the grease in the wheel practices. To be corrupt free or less corrupt is a rare and inimitable resource capability that makes nations logistically competitive.

scholarly journals Impact of Demographic Variables on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Sara Nayyab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study find the impact of demographic variables on economic growth in selected South Asian countries; Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka using panel data from 1976 to 2017. Fertility rate and life expectancy are used as demographic variables and GDP is used to indicate the economic growth. Panel unit root tests including Levin-Lin & Chu, Im-Pesaran & Shin, ADF-Fisher χ2, PP-Fisher χ2 are applied to check the stationary of variables. Pedroni and Kao Panel Co-integration are employed to test the co-integration among variables. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimators are obtained for long run relationship. Results show that total fertility rate and life expectancy have significant impact on economic growth in these four South Asian countries. For example, one unit increase in total fertility rate depresses the economic growth by 0.106 units. However, economic growth is accelerated by 0.196 units due to one year increase in life expectancy.

scholarly journals The impact of financial sector reforms on foreign direct investment in an emerging economy: empirical evidence from Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Kofi Kamasa ◽  
Isaac Mochiah ◽  
Andrews Kingsley Doku ◽  
Priscilla Forson
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Sector Reform ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to empirically investigate the impact that financial sector reforms have on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Composite financial sector reform index was constructed, which was made up of various forms of reform policies that were implemented from 1987 to 2016. The auto regressive distributed lag bounds test was used to establish cointegration between variables. Having controlled for other covariates that affect FDI such as trade openness, exchange rate, gross domestic product per capita, inflation and by using the fully modified ordinary least squares method, the estimations are robust as it uses a semi-parametric correction to avoid for any possible issues of endogeneity and serial correlation. Findings Results from the paper reveal that financial sector reform deepening boost FDI with a 2.167% increase in FDI following from a unit percentage improvement of the financial sector reforms. Considering the various categories of reforms, the results reveal that competitive reforms have the highest impact on FDI followed by privatization reforms with positive and significant elasticity coefficients of 2.174% and 0.726%, respectively. Behavioral reforms revealed a positive effect on FDI, albeit insignificant. Originality/value The paper contributes to policy by providing empirical evidence on the effect of financial sector reform on FDI inflows in Ghana. As far as the review of literature is concerned, this paper provides the foremost empirical evidence on the subject with sole emphasis on Ghana. Thus, this paper suggests the deepening of the financial sector reforms, improving competition and maintaining macroeconomic stability.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Chai-Thing Tan ◽  
Azali Mohamed ◽  
Muzafar Shah Habibullah ◽  
Lee Chin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand from 1980:Q1 to 2017:Q1. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is employed to determine the long-run relationship. Further, a range of econometric models, such as fully modified least squares method (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares method (DOLS), are applied to check the robustness. The results are stable and robust as all the models yield consistency result. The main findings in this study demonstrate that: (a) interest rate had a negative impact on economic growth in three selected countries. (b) Government spending had a negative impact on economic growth in Malaysia and Singapore, but had a positive impact in Thailand. (c) Monetary policy is more effective in Malaysia and Singapore, while fiscal policy is more effective in Thailand. JEL Classification: E52, E58, E62, C01

scholarly journals Contribution of Tourism Industry in Indian Economy: an Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1994-2000
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Foreign Tourism ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Impact

The tourism and travel industry is the biggest and most diverse industry in the universe. The impact of tourism on increasing employment and foreign exchange earnings, the boom in domestic industries, the expansion of international cooperation have changed the attitudes of countries around the world and played an important role in the policymaking of Governments. So the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the Impact of Foreign Tourism Receipts growth on the growth rate economic in Indian economy during the period of 2000-2019. In this study we are using the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS method).The results show that there is a positive relationship between economic growth rate and growth of foreign tourism revenue growth but this relationship is very weak its mean that the impact of the growth of foreign tourism receipt on economic growth is less; We can also say that there is no strong relationship between these two variables.

scholarly journals Effect of Information and Communication Technology on the Nigerian Economy: Evidence from the Banking Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Okanta, Sunday Ukeje
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Machine Component ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of information and communication technology on the Nigerian economy, taking evidence from the banking sector. Ordinary least squares method of regression for the period 2004-2017 was employed. Generally, the paper found that there was positive relationship between bank related information and communication technology components used and economic growth, except the automated teller machine component, under a fixed effect modeling. However, using the Breusch Godfrey (BG) dynamic modeling to remove serial autocorrelation, the paper revealed that only the mobile banking payment component positively and significantly affected the gross domestic product. On the basis of the findings, the researcher recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria, banks and stakeholders should collaborate to strengthen the information and communication infrastructures and security systems in the country to reduce frauds, make the environment user friendly and improve public confidence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document