The investigation of the acousto-photovoltaic effect in single crystals TlIn1−xGaxSe2

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150011
Author(s):  
E. M. Gojayev ◽  
G. N. Mamedova ◽  
S. S. Osmanova ◽  
Sh. M. Mehdiyeva ◽  
S. H. Jabarov
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Tetragonal Symmetry ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Zone Recrystallization ◽  
First Time

In this work, TlIn[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]Se2 single crystals were grown by zone recrystallization methods and their X-ray phase analysis was performed. The lattice parameters were determined and it was found that crystals based on the original TlIn[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]Se2 compound crystallized in the same tetragonal symmetry, the space group [Formula: see text]. It was revealed that with partial substitution of indium atoms by gallium atoms in the TlIn[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]Se2 lattice, the parameters of unit cells change according to the additivity law. First time it was found that with the simultaneous influence of electromagnetic and sound waves, an electromotive force (e.m.f.) occurs or short circuit current. The studies were carried out in the frequency range of electromagnetic radiation of 50–143 kHz. It was revealed that when the investigated crystals were irradiated with magnetic radiation in the absence of sound waves, there was no e.m.f. on the electrodes as well as memory when exposed only to sound. Based on the existing theoretical information, the nature of the revealed single crystal of the acousto-photovoltaic effect was explained.

scholarly journals Photocurrent density and electrical properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-BaNi0.5Nb0.5O3 ceramics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqiang Zhong ◽  
Qin Feng ◽  
Changlai Yuan ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Baohua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray

AbstractIn this work, the (1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaNi0.5Nb0.5O3 (BNT-BNN; 0.00 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.20) ceramics were prepared via a high-temperature solid-state method. The crystalline structures, photovoltaic effect, and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated. According to X-ray diffraction, the system shows a single perovskite structure. The samples show the normal ferroelectric loops. With the increase of BNN content, the remnant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) decrease gradually. The optical band gap of the samples narrows from 3.10 to 2.27 eV. The conductive species of grains and grain boundaries in the ceramics are ascribed to the double ionized oxygen vacancies. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of ∼15.7 V and short-circuit current (Jsc) of ∼1450 nA/cm2 are obtained in the 0.95BNT-0.05BNN ceramic under 1 sun illumination (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2). A larger Voc of 23 V and a higher Jsc of 5500 nA/cm2 are achieved at the poling field of 60 kV/cm under the same light conditions. The study shows this system has great application prospects in the photovoltaic field.

scholarly journals Optical Losses of Frontal Layers in Superstrate CdS/CdTe Solar Cells Using OPAL2

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Nowshad Amin ◽  
Mohammad Rezaul Karim ◽  
Zeid Abdullah ALOthman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Contact Potential Difference ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Optical Losses ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Conducting Oxides ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Defect Densities

In this paper, optical losses in CdS/CdTe solar cells are calculated on the basis of the designated reflective index of various frontal layers using an OPAL2 calculator for the first time. Two types of glass (0.1 mm ultra-thin Schott and 1.1 mm standard borosilicate glass) were assumed to be coated by different Transparent-Conducting-Oxides (TCOs) such as SnO2:F, ZnO:Al, and ITO forming frontal layers for CdS/CdTe solar cells in superstrate configuration. Absorption, reflectance, transmittance, and consequently optical bandgap energies are calculated as a function of common thicknesses, used in the literature. The results show that an increase in TCO thickness led to a decrease in optical band gap as well as an enhancement in contact potential difference, which can deteriorate device performance. The optimum thickness of 100 nm for SnO2:F was calculated, while 200 nm for ZnO:Al and ITO show reasonable optical losses caused by reflections at the interfaces’ and the layer’s absorption. It is seen that 80 to 150 nm CdS on ITO might be an effective range to satisfy a high short circuit current and low defect densities at the CdS/CdTe interface. Finally, a minimum 2 μm thickness for the CdTe on the ultra-thin Schott glass coated by optimum layers can result in the highest short circuit current of 28.69 mA/cm2. This work offers a practical equivalent strategy to be applied for any superstrate solar cells containing TCO and CdS frontal layers.

scholarly journals Benzothiadiazole Based Cascade Material to Boost the Performance of Inverted Ternary Organic Solar Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miron Krassas ◽  
Christos Polyzoidis ◽  
Pavlos Tzourmpakis ◽  
Dimitriοs M. Kosmidis ◽  
George Viskadouros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Short Circuit Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Fused Ring ◽  
Electron Cascade ◽  
First Time

A conjugated, ladder-type multi-fused ring 4,7-dithienbenzothiadiazole:thiophene derivative, named as compound ‘T’, was for the first time incorporated, within the PTB7:PC71BM photoactive layer for inverted ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) realization. The effective energy level offset caused by compound T between the polymeric donor and fullerene acceptor materials, as well as its resulting potential as electron cascade material contribute to an enhanced exciton dissociation, electron transfer facilitator and thus improved overall photovoltaic performance. The engineering optimization of the inverted TOSC, ITO/PFN/PTB7:Compound T(5% v/v):PC71BM/MoO3/Al, resulted in an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.34%, with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.75 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.74 V and a fill factor (FF) of 68.1%, under AM1.5G illumination. This photovoltaic performance was improved by approximately 12% with respect to the control binary device.

Epithelial responses of rabbit tongues and their involvement in taste transduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. R598-R608 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Simon ◽  
R. Robb ◽  
J. L. Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Taste Transduction ◽  
First Time

The response of rabbit tongue, placed in a modified Ussing chamber, to salts [KCl, NaCl, NH4Cl, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl)], sweeteners (D-glucose, sucrose), acid (HCl), and a bitter tastant, quinine, was investigated for the first time. These experiments were conducted to further explore the new paradigm of taste transduction that correlates changes in the electrical behavior of lingual epithelia with neural responses. In addition, the responses of rabbit tongue data were compared with previously published data on dog and frog tongues. When increases in short-circuit current (Isc) for rabbit tongue induced by hyperosmotic concentrations of several salts were compared, the following sequence was found: KCl greater than NH4Cl greater than NaCl greater than TEACl. These results are consistent with previously published integrated chorda tympani responses (ICTR) as well as behavioral studies that showed that rabbits prefer KCl to NaCl with their natural diet. Pharmacological studies using ouabain and amiloride suggest that K and Na are traversing rabbit tongue through different pathways. The maximal stimulation of Isc by D-glucose and sucrose (in 50 mM NaCl) was significantly smaller than those measured for KCl and NaCl. The rabbit tongue was sensitive to HCl at concentrations less than 1 mM in agreement with ICTR measurements.

Effect of the Addition of Ti3+ into TiO2 Film on the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2337-2339
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Xiang ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Fu Shi Zhang ◽  
Shoji Kaneko ◽  
Masayuki Okuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Tio2 Particle ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

For the first time, it was found that low-valence additives could be employed to improve the conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell. It was experimentally discovered that by forming nonstoichiometric compound, Ti3+ was located in the lattice of TiO2 film, generating surplus electrons within the film and affecting the morphology of TiO2 particle. The improvement of the conversion efficiency of the solar cell was mainly due to the increase of short circuit current along with the content of Ti3+. The surface of the TiO2 particle became more coarsely after TiCl3 added and the absorbed dye molecules was increased. It was another reason of the improvement of conversion efficiency.

scholarly journals Domain and Switching Control of the Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in Epitaxial BiFeO3 Thin Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Knoche ◽  
Yeseul Yun ◽  
Niranjan Ramakrishnegowda ◽  
Lutz Mühlenbein ◽  
Xinye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
Bifeo3 Thin Films ◽  
Piezoelectric Effects ◽  
Angular Dependency ◽  
Polarization Orientation ◽  
Domain Arrangement

Abstract Absence of inversion symmetry is the underlying origin of ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and the bulk photovoltaic (BPV) effect, as a result of which they are inextricably linked. However, till now, only the piezoelectric effects (inverse) have been commonly utilized for probing ferroelectric characteristics such as domain arrangements and resultant polarization orientation. The bulk photovoltaic effect, despite sharing same relation with the symmetry as piezoelectricity, has been mostly perceived as an outcome of ferroelectricity and not as a possible analytical method. In this work, we investigate the development of BPV characteristics, i.e. amplitude and angular dependency of short-circuit current, as the ferroelastic domain arrangement is varied by applying electric fields in planar devices of BiFeO3 films. A rather sensitive co-dependency was observed from measurements on sample with ordered and disordered domain arrangements. Analysis of the photovoltaic response manifested in a mathematical model to estimate the proportion of switched and un-switched regions. The results unravel the potential utility of BPV effect to trace the orientation of the polarization vectors (direction and amplitude) in areas much larger than that can be accommodated in probe-based techniques.

scholarly journals Improving Ultraviolet Responses in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Quantum Dot-Based Luminescent Down-Shifting Layer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Woo-Lim Jeong ◽  
Junsung Jang ◽  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Soo-Kyung Joo ◽  
Mun-Do Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Quantum dot (QD)-based luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layers were deposited on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells via the drop-casting method. The LDS layers can easily widen the narrow absorption wavelength regions of single-junction solar cells and enable improvement of the short-circuit current. The optical properties of LDS layers deposited on glass and containing different QD contents were analyzed based on their transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance. The absorber films to be used in the CZTSSe solar cells were determined by X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy to determine their crystal structures and secondary phases, respectively. The completed CZTSSe solar cells with LDS layers showed increased ultraviolet responses of up to 25% because of wavelength conversion by the QDs. In addition, the impact of the capping layer, which was formed to protect the QDs from oxygen and moisture, on the solar cell performance was analyzed. Thus, a maximal conversion efficiency of 7.3% was achieved with the 1.0 mL QD condition; furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDS layers have been experimentally demonstrated for CZTSSe solar cells.

Genistein stimulates electrogenic Cl− secretion via phosphodiesterase modulation in the mouse jejunum

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. C688-C698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Chun Chao ◽  
Kirk L. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Cl Secretion ◽  
Pde Inhibitors ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Previously, we demonstrated that genistein stimulated Cl− secretion in the mouse jejunum (Baker MJ and Hamilton KL, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287: C1636–C1645, 2004); however, the mode of action of genistein still remains unclear. Here, we examined the activation of Cl− secretion by the modulation of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) by genistein (75 μM) in the mouse jejunum with the Ussing short-circuit current ( Isc) technique. Drugs tested included theophylline (10 mM), a nonspecific PDE inhibitor; 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (8-MM-IBMX; 100 μM), erythro-9-(2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA; 40 μM), milrinone (100 μM), and rolipram (40 and 100 μM), which are specific inhibitors of PDE1–PDE4, respectively. Theophylline stimulated a bumetanide-sensitive Isc, indicative of Cl− secretion, and abolished genistein's stimulatory action on Isc. Neither 8-MM-IBMX nor EHNA altered the basal Isc nor did these PDE inhibitors affect the stimulatory action of genistein on the Isc of the mouse jejunum. Rolipram had no effect on basal Isc, but it reduced the genistein-stimulated Isc compared with time-matched control tissues. Milrinone stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in Isc. Bumetanide (10 μM) inhibited 60 ± 4% of milrinone-induced Isc. Pretreating tissues with milrinone prevented genistein from stimulating Isc, and pretreatment with genistein reduced the effect of milrinone on Isc. H89 (50 μM), a PKA inhibitor, reduced the milrinone-stimulated Isc. Likewise, H89 reduced the genistein-stimulated Isc. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that genistein activates Cl− secretion of the mouse jejunum via inhibition of a PDE3-dependent pathway.

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