Effect performance of the nanomagnetic properties of Ni–Cu–Co ferrites by Al3+ ions adulteration
In this paper, aluminum-doped Ni–Cu–Co ferrite nanomagnetic material powder was prepared by sol–gel technique using citric acid as a complexing agent and high-purity nitrate as raw material. The effect of doping amount of different Al[Formula: see text] ions on the structure and magnetic properties of ferrites has been studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the structural and magnetic properties of ferrite. The XRD analysis showed that all samples of Ni–Cu–Co ferrites have a single-phase cubic spinel structure. Average crystallite size was calculated by the Debye–Scherrer formula and it was found that the average crystallite size of the sample was affected by the doping concentration. As the amount of Al[Formula: see text] ion doping increases, the crystallite size decreases from 54.88 nm to 46.09 nm. The absorption peak of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at 590 cm[Formula: see text] further indicates the formation of cubic spinel structure of Ni–Cu–Co ferrite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the presence of particles which are spherically cubic-shaped particles. The constituent elements of the samples were analyzed by EDX spectroscopy. In addition, the ferromagnetism of the samples was confirmed by VSM measurements. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanent magnetization (Mr) first increase and then decrease when the aluminum ion concentration increases. Compared with pure samples and other doped samples, they have the best magnetic properties when the doping amount of Al[Formula: see text] ions is [Formula: see text]. It also shows that the prepared samples are suitable for magnetic recording materials.