scholarly journals REDUCING CACHE HIERARCHY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY PREDICTING FORWARDING AND DISABLING ASSOCIATIVE SETS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 1250057 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO CARAZO ◽  
RUBÉN APOLLONI ◽  
FERNANDO CASTRO ◽  
DANIEL CHAVER ◽  
LUIS PINUEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Data Cache ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cache Access ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Performance Penalty ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
L1 And L2

The first level data cache in modern processors has become a major consumer of energy due to its increasing size and high frequency access rate. In order to reduce this high energy consumption, we propose in this paper a straightforward filtering technique based on a highly accurate forwarding predictor. Specifically, a simple structure predicts whether a load instruction will obtain its corresponding data via forwarding from the load-store structure — thus avoiding the data cache access — or if it will be provided by the data cache. This mechanism manages to reduce the data cache energy consumption by an average of 21.5% with a negligible performance penalty of less than 0.1%. Furthermore, in this paper we focus on the cache static energy consumption too by disabling a portion of sets of the L2 associative cache. Overall, when merging both proposals, the combined L1 and L2 total energy consumption is reduced by an average of 29.2% with a performance penalty of just 0.25%.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Analysis and Characterization of Healthcare Facilities in the United States

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Bawaneh ◽  
Farnaz Ghazi Nezami ◽  
Md. Rasheduzzaman ◽  
Brad Deken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
End Use

Healthcare facilities in the United States account for 4.8% of the total area in the commercial sector and are responsible for 10.3% of total energy consumption in this sector. The number of healthcare facilities increased by 22% since 2003, leading to a 21% rise in energy consumption and an 8% reduction in energy intensity per unit of area (544.8 kWh/m2). This study provides an analytical overview of the end-use energy consumption data in healthcare systems for hospitals in the United States. The energy intensity of the U.S. hospitals ranges from 640.7 kWh/m2 in Zone 5 (very hot) to 781.1 kWh/m2 in Zone 1 (very cold), with an average of 738.5 kWh/m2. This is approximately 2.6 times higher than that of other commercial buildings. High energy intensity in the healthcare facilities, particularly in hospitals, along with energy costs and associated environmental concerns make energy analysis crucial for this type of facility. The proposed analysis shows that U.S. healthcare facilities have higher energy intensity than those of most other countries, especially the European ones. This necessitates the adoption of more energy-efficient approaches to the infrastructure and the management of healthcare facilities in the United States.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Pressure Formation Process along the Helix Channel Length of Screw Grinder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Pelenko ◽  
Ilkhom Usmanov ◽  
Vyacheslav Pokholchenko ◽  
Irina Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

The improvement of the technical equipment effectiveness is currently becoming particularly important. This applies not only to large and high-energy-intensive machines, but also to household appliances, the total energy consumption of which often exceeds the energy consumption of the overall equipment. These types of devices include, in particular, grinding and cutting equipment. The mathematical description of the processes carried out on this equipment is generalized and can be extended to a wider class of machines, including waste processing and mining equipment. The technological parameters, the design of screw grinders, and the processes of movement, deformation, extrusion and cutting carried out in them are characterized by a significant number of factors affecting the energy intensity. The main ones are the geometric parameters of the screw, machine’s body, cross knife, grinding plate’s thickness, the number and diameter of holes in it, as well as the product’s physical-mechanical characteristics and operating conditions. The most important for the mathematical description are the zones and processes where the main share of the consumed power is spent. The complexity of their analytical description is due to a simplified consideration of either individual technological zones of grinders’ existing designs, or the use of unreasonable simplifications.

Two-Level Data Collection for an Energy-Efficient Solution in Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Benaziz ◽  
Okba Kazar ◽  
Laid Kahloul ◽  
Ilham Kitouni ◽  
Samir Bourekkache
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Timed Automata ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Collection Strategy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The Cost

Density in sensor networks often causes data redundancy, which is often the origin of high energy consumption. Data collection techniques are proposed to avoid retransmission of the same data by several sensors. In this paper, the authors propose a new data collection strategy based on static agents and clustering nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) for an efficient energy consumption called: Two-Level Data Collection Strategy (TLDC). It consists in two-level hierarchy of nodes grouping. The technique is based on an experience building to perform a reorganization of the groups. Cooperation between agents can be used to reduce the communication cost significantly, by managing the data collection smartly. In order to validate the proposed scheme, the authors use the timed automata (TA) model and UPPAAL engine to validate the proposed strategy; the results after and before reorganization are compared. They establish that the proposed approach reduces the cost of communication in the group and thus minimizes the consumed energy.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-17
Author(s):  
Gazal Dandia ◽  
◽  
Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽  
Chaitali Basu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

scholarly journals Comparative Building Energy Simulation Study of Static and Thermochromically Adaptive Energy-Efficient Glazing in Various Climate Regions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mann ◽  
Cindy Yeung ◽  
Roberto Habets ◽  
Zeger Vroon ◽  
Pascal Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
Energy Simulations

The building sector contributes approximately one third of the total energy consumption worldwide. A large part of this energy is used for the heating and cooling of buildings, which can be drastically reduced by use of energy-efficient glazing. In this study, we performed building energy simulations on a prototypical residential building, and compared commercially available static (low-e, solar IR blocking) to newly developed adaptive thermochromic glazing systems for various climate regions. The modeling results show that static energy-efficient glazing is mainly optimized for either hot climates, where low solar heat gain can reduce cooling demands drastically, or cold climates, where low-e properties have a huge influence on heating demands. For intermediate climates, we demonstrate that adaptive thermochromic glazing in combination with a low-e coating is perfectly suited. The newly developed thermochromic glazing can lead to annual energy consumption improvement of up to 22% in comparison to clear glass, which exceeds all other glazing systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in the Netherlands the use of this new glazing system can lead to annual cost savings of EU 638 per dwelling (172 m2, 25% window façade), and to annual nationwide CO2 savings of 4.5 Mt. Ergo, we show that further development of thermochromic smart windows into market-ready products can have a huge economic, ecological and societal impact on all intermediate climate region in the northern hemisphere.

Two-Level Data Collection for an Energy-Efficient Solution in Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Besma Benaziz ◽  
Okba Kazar ◽  
Laid Kahloul ◽  
Ilham Kitouni ◽  
Samir Bourekkache
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Timed Automata ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Collection Strategy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The Cost

Density in sensor networks often causes data redundancy, which is often the origin of high energy consumption. Data collection techniques are proposed to avoid retransmission of the same data by several sensors. In this paper, the authors propose a new data collection strategy based on static agents and clustering nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) for an efficient energy consumption called: Two-Level Data Collection Strategy (TLDC). It consists in two-level hierarchy of nodes grouping. The technique is based on an experience building to perform a reorganization of the groups. Cooperation between agents can be used to reduce the communication cost significantly, by managing the data collection smartly. In order to validate the proposed scheme, the authors use the timed automata (TA) model and UPPAAL engine to validate the proposed strategy; the results after and before reorganization are compared. They establish that the proposed approach reduces the cost of communication in the group and thus minimizes the consumed energy.

Studies on Ecological Design Strategies of Greening of Building External Wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Hao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Building Energy Conservation

Building energy conservation has become the worldwide tendency since the mid-1970s. The Theory of Sustainable Development raised in 1990s as well as the deterioration of ecological environment made the building energy conservation became the international focus all over the world. China is a country with high energy consumption and large population and the percentage of its building energy consumption has reached about 25% on total energy consumption. The energy conservation condition of building external wall is one of the direct influencing factors of thermal comfort of indoor environment. However, greening is a kind of natural sunshade of the nature. The key to the study is how to improve the temperature of building walls and thermal comfort of indoor environment by the way of greening sunshade of external walls.

scholarly journals Energy Audit of Asejire Community for a Small Hydropower Scheme

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide C Savage ◽  
Adebayo Fadairo ◽  
Isaac Obembe ◽  
Abraham Akinwale ◽  
Adebamiji Oyelekan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
National Development ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Daily Energy

Energy is an important infrastructure for national development. In Nigeria the erratic power supply experienced, and especially in rural areas is an important concern. Energy audit is the assessment of the energy need and efficiency of a building. Hence, energy audit of Asejire community was conducted for developing a small hydropower scheme (SHP) for power generation. The household appliances used were determined, the appliances consuming the most energy in a rural setting were identified, buildings with high energy consumption were identified; and their energy need was evaluated. 1817 kW h was the daily energy consumption of the Asejire community with houses being the most energy consuming buildings by the community, while Nigerian Bottling Company (NBC) an industry in Asejire town had an average daily energy consumption of 29700 kW h. This gave a daily total energy consumption of 31517 kW h with a rated power of 1.389 MW. The energy need of the Asejire Community can be solved with the incorporation of a Small Hydropower Scheme (SHP) by utilizing the Asejire dam and thereby matching their energy demand with the energy supply from the Small Hydropower Scheme (SHP).

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Analysis and Optimization of the Deep-Sea Self-Sustaining Profile Buoy

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingcong Liu ◽  
Shaobo Yang ◽  
Hongyu Li ◽  
Jiayi Xu ◽  
Xingfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Energy Consumption Model ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Static Energy

In order to reduce the energy consumption of deep-sea self-sustaining profile buoy (DSPB) and extend its running time, a stage quantitative oil draining control mode has been proposed in this paper. System parameters have been investigated including oil discharge resolution (ODR), judgment threshold of the floating speed and frequency of oil draining on the energy consumption of the system. The single-objective optimization model with the total energy consumption of DSPB’s ascent stage as the objective function has been established by combining the DSPB’s floating kinematic model. At the same time, as the static working current of the DSPB can be further optimized, a multi-objective energy consumption optimization model with the floating time and the energy consumption of the oil pump motor as objective functions has been established. The non-dominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) has been employed to optimized the energy consumption model in the ascent stage of the DSPB. The results showed that the NSGA-II method has a good performance in the energy consumption optimization of the DSPB, and can reduce the dynamic energy consumption in the floating process by 28.9% within 2 h considering the increase in static energy consumption.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GEARBOXES APPLICATION IN POWER UNITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (56) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Sergey N. PODDUBKO ◽  
◽  
Nikolay N. ISHIN ◽  
Arkadiy M. GOMAN ◽  
Andrey S. SKOROKHODOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Calculation Results

With all advantages, electric vehicles have a significant disadvantage — a relatively small driving range on a single charge of the traction battery compared to cars using hydrocarbon fuel. The solution to the issue is to choose a rational structural scheme of an electromechanical power unit to obtain its high energy efficiency regardless of the operating conditions. A significant number of electric vehicles produced today either do not contain gearboxes or contain single-speed reducers. The use of a multi-speed gearbox solves the problem of adapting the working processes of a traction electric motor to the loading conditions, bringing its efficiency as close as possible to the range of highly efficient values. Calculated estimation of energy consumption of the MAZ-4381EE electric delivery truck is carried out in the paper for various versions of the mechanical part of power unit: without a reducer, with the use of a reducer and two types of two-speed gearboxes (shaft and shaft-planetary). The evaluation is made based on consideration of the European test driving cycle NEDC, taking into account the use of efficiency maps of the traction induction electric motor. The calculation results showed that the use of two-speed gearboxes can reduce the total energy consumption by more than 1.8 times compared to a power unit with a high-torque motor and without a gearbox.

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