scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Pressure Formation Process along the Helix Channel Length of Screw Grinder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Pelenko ◽  
Ilkhom Usmanov ◽  
Vyacheslav Pokholchenko ◽  
Irina Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

The improvement of the technical equipment effectiveness is currently becoming particularly important. This applies not only to large and high-energy-intensive machines, but also to household appliances, the total energy consumption of which often exceeds the energy consumption of the overall equipment. These types of devices include, in particular, grinding and cutting equipment. The mathematical description of the processes carried out on this equipment is generalized and can be extended to a wider class of machines, including waste processing and mining equipment. The technological parameters, the design of screw grinders, and the processes of movement, deformation, extrusion and cutting carried out in them are characterized by a significant number of factors affecting the energy intensity. The main ones are the geometric parameters of the screw, machine’s body, cross knife, grinding plate’s thickness, the number and diameter of holes in it, as well as the product’s physical-mechanical characteristics and operating conditions. The most important for the mathematical description are the zones and processes where the main share of the consumed power is spent. The complexity of their analytical description is due to a simplified consideration of either individual technological zones of grinders’ existing designs, or the use of unreasonable simplifications.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GEARBOXES APPLICATION IN POWER UNITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (56) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Sergey N. PODDUBKO ◽  
◽  
Nikolay N. ISHIN ◽  
Arkadiy M. GOMAN ◽  
Andrey S. SKOROKHODOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Calculation Results

With all advantages, electric vehicles have a significant disadvantage — a relatively small driving range on a single charge of the traction battery compared to cars using hydrocarbon fuel. The solution to the issue is to choose a rational structural scheme of an electromechanical power unit to obtain its high energy efficiency regardless of the operating conditions. A significant number of electric vehicles produced today either do not contain gearboxes or contain single-speed reducers. The use of a multi-speed gearbox solves the problem of adapting the working processes of a traction electric motor to the loading conditions, bringing its efficiency as close as possible to the range of highly efficient values. Calculated estimation of energy consumption of the MAZ-4381EE electric delivery truck is carried out in the paper for various versions of the mechanical part of power unit: without a reducer, with the use of a reducer and two types of two-speed gearboxes (shaft and shaft-planetary). The evaluation is made based on consideration of the European test driving cycle NEDC, taking into account the use of efficiency maps of the traction induction electric motor. The calculation results showed that the use of two-speed gearboxes can reduce the total energy consumption by more than 1.8 times compared to a power unit with a high-torque motor and without a gearbox.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Analysis and Characterization of Healthcare Facilities in the United States

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Bawaneh ◽  
Farnaz Ghazi Nezami ◽  
Md. Rasheduzzaman ◽  
Brad Deken
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Energy Consumption Analysis ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
End Use

Healthcare facilities in the United States account for 4.8% of the total area in the commercial sector and are responsible for 10.3% of total energy consumption in this sector. The number of healthcare facilities increased by 22% since 2003, leading to a 21% rise in energy consumption and an 8% reduction in energy intensity per unit of area (544.8 kWh/m2). This study provides an analytical overview of the end-use energy consumption data in healthcare systems for hospitals in the United States. The energy intensity of the U.S. hospitals ranges from 640.7 kWh/m2 in Zone 5 (very hot) to 781.1 kWh/m2 in Zone 1 (very cold), with an average of 738.5 kWh/m2. This is approximately 2.6 times higher than that of other commercial buildings. High energy intensity in the healthcare facilities, particularly in hospitals, along with energy costs and associated environmental concerns make energy analysis crucial for this type of facility. The proposed analysis shows that U.S. healthcare facilities have higher energy intensity than those of most other countries, especially the European ones. This necessitates the adoption of more energy-efficient approaches to the infrastructure and the management of healthcare facilities in the United States.

Control-Oriented Modelling and Optimal Adaptive Control of Parallel Compressors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Ismail Al Zawaideh ◽  
Khalifa Hassan Al Hosani ◽  
Igor Boiko ◽  
Abdulla AlQassab ◽  
Ibrahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Efficient Power

Abstract Compressors are widely used to transport gas offshore and onshore. Oil rigs and gas processing plants have several compressors operating either alone, in parallel or in trains. Hence, compressors must be controlled optimally to insure a high rate of production, and efficient power consumption. The aim of this paper is to provide a control algorithm to optimize the compressors operation in parallel in process industries, to minimize energy consumption in variable operating conditions. A dynamic control-oriented model of the compression system has been developed. The optimization algorithm is tested on an experimental prototype having two compressors connected in parallel. The developed optimization algorithm resulted in a better performance and a reduction of the total energy consumption compared to an equal load sharing scheme.

A review on acoustic methods of algal growth control by ultrasonication through existing and novel emerging technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Mullick ◽  
Sudarsan Neogi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Algal Toxins ◽  
Algae Growth

AbstractThe uncontrolled proliferation of algae and algal blooms due to excessive nutrient loading in natural and industrial water bodies is a major issue for water quality maintenance. It reduces usability of the water, imposes hazardous effects of algal toxins released from algal blooms, and creates nuisance in the operation of several industrial water units. Among several existing water treatment methods to diminish the post-algae growth effects, ultrasonication has emerged as an environmentally safe technology that does not involve any use of algaecide. The interaction of several parameters, including climatic and environmental conditions with algae growth rate, have been reviewed in this article. The effects of different acoustic operating conditions for inhibition of algae growth have also been discussed. Concern about high energy consumption led other technologies to be integrated with ultrasonication. It has enhanced the process efficiency and reduced the energy consumption as reported in some long-term field investigations and patent proposals. Several issues that require further research for making this technology widely applicable or to install an effective system design have been highlighted in this article.

OPTIMIZING THE PIPELINE DIAMETER OF A CIRCULAR SPRINKLER ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION CRITERION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
NIKOLAY V. TSUGLENOK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Electric Drive ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The authors have determined the conditions for the eff ective use of modern electrifi ed circular sprinklers in the central part of Russia. Their designs are chosen depending on the agrotechnical requirements for irrigation, including the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline. However, when the diameter of the pipeline changes, the load on the electric drive of the support trolleys of the sprinkler changes too, which leads to a corresponding change in energy consumption. In turn, this also changes the load of the water supply pump. The paper sets the task of determining the optimal change in the diameter of pipelines according to the criterion of minimum energy consumption, taking into account a number of assumptions. The authors have analyzed the relationship between the change in the load on the electric drive of the sprinkler support trolley and the change in the diameter of one sprinkler section pipeline. It has been found that a decrease in the diameter by 27% (for example, the transition of the diameter of 219 mm to the diameter of 159 mm) leads to a decrease in the load on the electric drive by 38%. However, this also leads to an increase in the head loss in the water supply pump motor and, respectively, to an increase in the load and energy consumption by 0.8…3.8%. The eff ect is initially obvious, but the power of the electric motor of the water supply pump is 10…25 times higher than that of the electric motor of the sprinkler support trolley. Based on the similarity coeffi cients of the irrigation components (water supply and water distribution), the relationship beteween the total energy consumption and the change in the diameter of the water distribution pipeline has been obtained. By diff erentiating the obtained function, the dependence of the value of the optimal diameter for specifi c operating conditions is also obtained. Graphs of the relationship between energy consumption and the change in diameter have been determined, taking into account some restrictions: pump supply, static pressure, and the number of the sprinkler sections.

Energy Consumption Discussions of Porcelain Produce with Operating Conditions in a Simplified Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1775-1779
Author(s):  
Jun Liang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Solid Mass ◽  
Fuel Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
Excess Number

Porcelain produce is a very high energy consumption process. According to total energy balance analysis, a variety of operating conditions are analyzed for effect of net energy consumption. One real porcelain plate produce process is introduced as the reference case. Operating conditions are defined in three parameters, which are air excess number, fuel distribution and solid mass ratio. A simplified model based on finite difference method (FDM) is solved to calculate axial gas and solid temperature profiles and net energy consumption. The net energy consumption in porcelain produce is calculated and discussed in quantity with three operating conditions above separately. Finally, it is concluded that net energy consumption is higher with bigger air excess number and solid mass ratio, while fuel distribution will have no influence on net energy consumption.

scholarly journals Energy consumption of a passenger car with a hybrid powertrain in real traffic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bieniek ◽  
Mariusz Graba ◽  
Jarosław Mamala ◽  
Krzysztof Prażnowski ◽  
Krystian Hennek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Passenger Car

The analysis of energy consumption in a hybrid drive system of a passenger car in real road conditions is an important factor determining its operational indicators. The article presents energy consumption analysis of a car equipped with an advanced Plug-in Hybrid Drive System (PHEV), driving in real road conditions on a test section of about 51 km covered in various environmental conditions and seasons. Particular attention was paid to the energy consumption resulting from the cooperation of two independent drive units, analyzed in terms of the total energy expenditure. The energy consumption obtained from fuel and energy collected from the car’s batteries for each run over the total distance of 12,500 km was summarized. The instantaneous values of energy consumption for the hybrid drive per kilometer of distance traveled in car’s real operating conditions range from 0.6 to 1.4 MJ/km, with lower values relating to the vehicle operation only with electric drive. The upper range applies to the internal combustion engine, which increases not only the energy expenditure in the TTW (Tank-to-Wheel) system, but also CO2 emissions to the environment. Based on the experimental data, the curves of total energy consumption per kilometer of the road section traveled were determined, showing a close correlation with the actual operating conditions. Obtained values were compared with homologation data from the WLTP test of the tested passenger car, where the average value of energy demand is 1.1 MJ/km and the CO2 emission is 23 g/km.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-17
Author(s):  
Gazal Dandia ◽  
◽  
Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽  
Chaitali Basu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

scholarly journals REDUCING CACHE HIERARCHY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY PREDICTING FORWARDING AND DISABLING ASSOCIATIVE SETS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 1250057 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO CARAZO ◽  
RUBÉN APOLLONI ◽  
FERNANDO CASTRO ◽  
DANIEL CHAVER ◽  
LUIS PINUEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Data Cache ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Cache Access ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Performance Penalty ◽  
Static Energy ◽  
L1 And L2

The first level data cache in modern processors has become a major consumer of energy due to its increasing size and high frequency access rate. In order to reduce this high energy consumption, we propose in this paper a straightforward filtering technique based on a highly accurate forwarding predictor. Specifically, a simple structure predicts whether a load instruction will obtain its corresponding data via forwarding from the load-store structure — thus avoiding the data cache access — or if it will be provided by the data cache. This mechanism manages to reduce the data cache energy consumption by an average of 21.5% with a negligible performance penalty of less than 0.1%. Furthermore, in this paper we focus on the cache static energy consumption too by disabling a portion of sets of the L2 associative cache. Overall, when merging both proposals, the combined L1 and L2 total energy consumption is reduced by an average of 29.2% with a performance penalty of just 0.25%.

Studies on Ecological Design Strategies of Greening of Building External Wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jing Wu ◽  
Hao Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
External Wall ◽  
Building Energy Conservation

Building energy conservation has become the worldwide tendency since the mid-1970s. The Theory of Sustainable Development raised in 1990s as well as the deterioration of ecological environment made the building energy conservation became the international focus all over the world. China is a country with high energy consumption and large population and the percentage of its building energy consumption has reached about 25% on total energy consumption. The energy conservation condition of building external wall is one of the direct influencing factors of thermal comfort of indoor environment. However, greening is a kind of natural sunshade of the nature. The key to the study is how to improve the temperature of building walls and thermal comfort of indoor environment by the way of greening sunshade of external walls.

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