A BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACH TO RATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 695-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYU ZHANG ◽  
STAN JARZABEK
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Key Word

In software architecture design, we explore design alternatives and make decisions about adoption or rejection of a design from a web of complex and often uncertain information. Different architectural design decisions may lead to systems that satisfy the same set of functional requirements but differ in certain quality attributes. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian Network based approach to rational architectural design. Our Bayesian Network helps software architects record and make design decisions. We can perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis over the Bayesian Network to understand how the design decisions influence system quality attributes, and to reason about rational design decisions. We use the KWIC (Key Word In Context) example to illustrate the principles of our approach.

scholarly journals Inference of Drawing Elements and Space Usage on Architectural Drawings Using Semantic Segmentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7347
Author(s):  
Jihyo Seo ◽  
Hyejin Park ◽  
Seungyeon Choo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Automation Technology

Artificial intelligence presents an optimized alternative by performing problem-solving knowledge and problem-solving processes under specific conditions. This makes it possible to creatively examine various design alternatives under conditions that satisfy the functional requirements of the building. In this study, in order to develop architectural design automation technology using artificial intelligence, the characteristics of an architectural drawings, that is, the architectural elements and the composition of spaces expressed in the drawings, were learned, recognized, and inferred through deep learning. The biggest problem in applying deep learning in the field of architectural design is that the amount of publicly disclosed data is absolutely insufficient and that the publicly disclosed data also haves a wide variety of forms. Using the technology proposed in this study, it is possible to quickly and easily create labeling images of drawings, so it is expected that a large amount of data sets that can be used for deep learning for the automatic recommendation of architectural design or automatic 3D modeling can be obtained. This will be the basis for architectural design technology using artificial intelligence in the future, as it can propose an architectural plan that meets specific circumstances or requirements.

scholarly journals SOADM: A Design Architectural Method for Service-as-a-Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4014-4025
Author(s):  
Hamid Mcheick ◽  
Youcef Baghdadi
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Service Orientation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work First

Service-Oriented Software Engineering is a new approach that concerns with methods to build software solutions as services and compositions with respect to service orientation and service-oriented architecture. Several methods from both academia and industry have been developed for service-oriented based systems. This work first questions “to what extent a solution provided by a method would conform to service orientation, particularly, how to examine the design decisions based on quality attributes”, and “to what extent the method would align solutions with problems”. Next, it proposes a framework for shaping methods. The framework considers the perspectives. Then, it propose a SOADM, a method for developing Service-as-a Software (SaaS) in high level design based on functional requirements and quality attributes.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CAPTURING ARCHITECTURALLY SIGNIFICANT REQUIREMENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
B Sathis Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Requirement Elicitation ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Prime Design ◽  
Reliability Performance

Every software development organization strives for customer satisfaction. It is universally accepted that the success of software development lies in the clear understanding of the client requirements. During requirement elicitation and analysis stage, the system analyst identifies the functional and non-functional requirements from the customer. Security, usability, reliability, performance, scalability and supportability are the significant quality attributes of a software system. These quality attributes are also referred as non-functional requirements. Only a few functional and quality attributes requirement help to identify and shape the software architecture. A software system’s architecture is the set of prime design decisions made about the system. If the requirement influences the architectural design decision then, it is referred as Architecturally Significant Requirement (ASR). Identifying and specifying all the possible ASR are important tasks in the requirement elicitation and analysis stage.In this research, general problems that are faced while capturing and specifying ASR in requirement elicitation and analysis is studied. Among the different requirement elicitation techniques, use case diagram has been identified and enhanced to solve the problem of capturing and specifying ASR during the requirement elicitation and analysis phase 

On the impact of architecture design decisions on the quality of blockchain-based applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Marmsoler ◽  
Leo Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Software Architectures ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In software architectures, architectural design decisions (ADDs) strongly influence the quality of the resulting software system. Wrong decisions lead to low-quality systems and are difficult to repair later on in the development process. As of today, little is known about the impact of certain ADDs for the development of architectures for blockchain-based systems. Thus, it is difficult to predict the outcome of certain ADDs when developing architectures for such systems. In the following, we propose a simulation-based approach for blockchain architectures in which the impact of certain ADDs on certain quality attributes can be simulated. To this end, we first implemented a simulation environment for blockchain architectures. The simulation environment was then used to execute a series of experiments from which we derived a set of hypotheses about the impact of certain ADDs on quality attributes for blockchain architectures. Finally, we tested the hypotheses using statistical analyses and derived an empirical model for blockchain architectures based on the outcome of the analysis. The model can be used by architects to predict the effect of certain decisions in the design of blockchain architectures before implementing them.

Architecting Internet of Things Systems with Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Wendy Yánez ◽  
Rami Bahsoon ◽  
Yuqun Zhang ◽  
Rick Kazman
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
P2p Network ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Architectural Tactics ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Internet Of Thing

Blockchain offers a distributed ledger to record data collected from Internet of Thing (IoT) devices as immutable and tamper-proof transactions and securely shared among authorized participants in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. Despite the growing interest in using blockchain for securing IoT systems, there is a general lack of systematic research and comprehensive review of the design issues on the integration of blockchain and IoT from the software architecture perspective. This article presents a catalog of architectural tactics for the design of IoT systems supported by blockchain as a result of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on IoT and blockchain to extract the commonly reported quality attributes, design decisions, and relevant architectural tactics for the architectural design of this category of systems. Our findings are threefold:<?brk?> (i) identification of security, scalability, performance, and interoperability as the commonly reported quality attributes; (ii) a catalog of twelve architectural tactics for the design of IoT systems supported by blockchain; and (iii) gaps in research that include tradeoffs among quality attributes and identified tactics. These tactics might provide architects and designers with different options when searching for an optimal architectural design that meets the quality attributes of interest and constraints of a system.

Lighting energy performance determination in office environments through implementation of EN 15193-1 for Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352098742
Author(s):  
FŞ Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
System Control ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
The Impact

Office buildings are building typologies where efficient and optimal use of lighting energy is crucial while providing comfortable visual environments. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of diverse architectural design alternatives on lighting energy requirements and lighting energy saving possibilities through a case study. In this study, a total of 3888 design alternatives are investigated in a comparative way in terms of daylighting system design alternatives, artificial lighting system design scenarios, artificial lighting system control types and shading system control options. Introducing the adaptation process of the EN 15193-1:2017 standard for Turkey’s specific climatic and geographical conditions and considering diverse lighting design scenarios, results of this parametric study aim to underline the significance of architectural design strategies in office buildings for the reduction of lighting energy requirements.

Moving Forward, One Step at a Time

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Koremenos ◽  
Duncan Snidal
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design Project ◽  
One Step ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Alternative Research ◽  
Future Work

We reply to John Duffield's critique of the Rational Design project, a special issue of International Organization that explains the features of international institutions from a game-theoretic perspective. The project was deliberately limited to the analysis of explicit and observable institutional arrangements, and focused on the specific institutional properties of centralization, membership, scope, control, and flexibility. Its empirical contribution relies on case studies, but it is significantly amplified by the tight connections provided by a common theoretical perspective that is oriented toward testing a set of specific conjectures about institutional design. The results raise further issues of measurement and cross-case comparisons that provide valuable lessons for future work on institutional design. Although all of these research design choices are worth revisiting and questioning, as Duffield does, the initial results of the Rational Design project show that it provides a good basis from which to explore alternative research design decisions.

scholarly journals Activity shapes: towards a spatiotemporal analysis in architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (26) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Paula Gómez ◽  
Ellen Yi-Luen Do ◽  
Mario Romero
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
Future Evaluation

Computational spatial analyses play an important role in architectural design processes, providing feedback about spatial configurations that may inform design decisions. Current spatial analyses convey geometrical aspects of space, but aspects such as space use are not encompassed within the analyses, although they are fundamental for architectural programming. Through this study, we initiate the discussion of including human activity as an input that will change the focus of current computational spatial analyses toward a detailed understanding of activity patterns in space and time. We envision that the emergent insights will serve as guidelines for future evaluation of design intents motivated by spatial occupancy, since we –designers– mentally constructing a model of the situation and activities on it (Eastman, 2001).

A Perspective on Tribology and Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Pyo Suh
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Continuous Testing ◽  
Tribological System

Abstract The quality of design determines the performance of all tribological systems. Tribological failures of the system may be avoided through rational and creative design. In that sense, there is a symbiotic relationship between tribology and design. Many tribology problems encountered are often the result of poor system design. By properly designing the tribological system, potential failures caused by friction and wear can be avoided or minimized. Continuous testing of poorly designed tribological systems, which occur in some cases, can be costly without noticeable improvements in the system performance. Since well-designed products yield immense benefits, the creation of tribological systems based on rational design should be pursued. The biggest source of tribological problems is the coupling of the functional requirements (FRs) that are introduced during the early stage of design. We should attempt to eliminate coupled tribological systems to improve the performance of tribological systems. Some examples are given to illustrate the importance of rational designs in implementing tribological systems, including the design of additive manufacturing systems.

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