PACKING A TRUCK — NOW WITH A TWIST!

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 505-527
Author(s):  
FRIEDRICH EISENBRAND ◽  
STEFAN FUNKE ◽  
ANDREAS KARRENBAUER ◽  
JOACHIM REICHEL ◽  
ELMAR SCHÖMER
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Industry ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
The One ◽  
Np Hardness

In an industry project with a German car manufacturer we are faced with the challenge of placing a maximum number of uniform rigid rectangular boxes in the interior of a car trunk. The problem is of practical importance due to a European industry norm which requires car manufacturers to state the trunk volume according to this measure. No really satisfactory automated solution for this problem has been known in the past. In spite of its NP hardness, combinatorial optimization techniques, which consider only grid-aligned placements, produce solutions which are very close to the one achievable by a human expert in several hours of tedious work. The remaining gap is mostly due to the constraints imposed by the chosen grid. In this paper we present a new approach which combines the grid-based combinatorial method with Simulated Annealing on a continuous model. This allows us to explore arbitrary orientations and placements of boxes, hence closing the gap even further, and – in some cases – even surpass the manual expert solution. The implemented software system allows our industrial partner to incorporate the trunk volume in a very early stage of the car design process without relying on a repeated and cumbersome manual evaluation of the volume.

Mind, Time, and Material Engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
Lambros Malafouris ◽  
Chris Gosden
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Becoming ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Engagement ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The study of material culture is changing the way we perceive and study the past, as well as how we understand the process of human becoming. This chapter proposes that a focus on the phenomenon of material engagement provides a productive means to situate and integrate evolutionary, historical, and developmental processes. The material engagement approach brings with it a relational conceptualization of human cognition as profoundly embodied, enacted, extended, and distributed. This conceptualisation opens the way to, on the one hand, reanimate the importance of history and development in the study of human cognitive evolution, and on the other hand, allow a new approach to historical analysis, one in which minds and things play a more central role. Specifically, we explore some of the implications of the view that humans and things coconstitute each other for understanding the processes by which human cognitive abilities develop and change in different cultural and historical contexts.

scholarly journals An Updated Survey of Efficient Hardware Architectures for Accelerating Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Capra ◽  
Beatrice Bussolino ◽  
Alberto Marchisio ◽  
Muhammad Shafique ◽  
Guido Masera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hardware Architectures ◽  
The One ◽  
Main Components

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are nowadays a common practice in most of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. Their ability to go beyond human precision has made these networks a milestone in the history of AI. However, while on the one hand they present cutting edge performance, on the other hand they require enormous computing power. For this reason, numerous optimization techniques at the hardware and software level, and specialized architectures, have been developed to process these models with high performance and power/energy efficiency without affecting their accuracy. In the past, multiple surveys have been reported to provide an overview of different architectures and optimization techniques for efficient execution of Deep Learning (DL) algorithms. This work aims at providing an up-to-date survey, especially covering the prominent works from the last 3 years of the hardware architectures research for DNNs. In this paper, the reader will first understand what a hardware accelerator is, and what are its main components, followed by the latest techniques in the field of dataflow, reconfigurability, variable bit-width, and sparsity.

scholarly journals Employing opposite ratings users in a new approach to collaborative filtering

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Abdellah El Fazziki ◽  
Yasser El Madani El Alami ◽  
Jalil Elhassouni ◽  
Ouafae El Aissaoui ◽  
Mohammed Benbrahim
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One

Over the past few decades, various recommendation system paradigms have been developed for both research and industrial purposes to satisfy the needs and preferences of users when they deal with enormous data. The collaborative filtering (CF) is one of the most popular recommendation techniques, although it is still immature and suffers from some difficulties such asparsity, gray sheep and scalability impeding recommendation quality. Therefore, we propose a new CF approach to deal with the gray sheep problem in order to improve the predictions accuracy. To realize this goal, our solution aims to infer new users from real ones existing in datasets. This transformation allows for creating users with opposite preferences to the real ones. On the one hand, our approach permits to amplify the number of neighbors, especially in the case of users who have unusual behavior (gray sheep). On the other hand, it facilitates building a dense similar neighborhood. The basic assumption behind this is that if user X is not similar to user Y, then the imaginary user ¬X is similar to the user Y. The performance of our approach was evaluated using two datasets, MovieLens and FilmTrust. Experimental results have shown that our approach surpasses many traditional recommendation approaches.

TEM study of a biofilm on copper corrosion

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copper Tolerant

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.

The Application of UX Research in New Energy Vehicle Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan TAO ◽  
Ning XIAO ◽  
Xingfu ZHAO ◽  
Wenbin LIU
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Innovative Product ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
New Energy Vehicle ◽  
The One ◽  
New Energy Vehicles ◽  
Degree Of Innovation

New energy vehicles(NEV) as a new thing for sustainable development, in China, on the one hand has faced the rapid expansion of the market; the other hand, for the new NEV users, the current NEVs cannot keep up with the degree of innovation. This paper demonstrates the reasons for the existence of this systematic challenge, and puts forward the method of UX research which is different from the traditional petrol vehicles research in the early stage of development, which studies from the user's essence level, to form the innovative product programs which meet the needs of users and being real attractive.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

On-Surface Radical Oligomerisation: A New Approach to STM Tip-Induced Reactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaolei Zhan ◽  
Younes Makoudi ◽  
Judicael Jeannoutot ◽  
Simon Lamare ◽  
Michel Féron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling Microscope ◽  
Transfer Event ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organic Nanostructures ◽  
Scanning Tunnelling ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Surface Fabrication ◽  
And Control

Over the past decade, on-surface fabrication of organic nanostructures has been widely investigated for the development of molecular electronic devices, nanomachines, and new materials. Here, we introduce a new strategy to obtain alkyl oligomers in a controlled manner using on-surface radical oligomerisations that are triggered by the electrons/holes between the sample surface and the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. The resulting radical-mediated mechanism is substantiated by a detailed theoretical study. This electron transfer event only occurs when <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> < -3 V or <i>V</i><sub>s</sub> > + 3 V and allows access to reactive radical species under exceptionally mild conditions. This transfer can effectively ‘switch on’ a sequence leading to formation of oligomers of defined size distribution due to the on-surface confinement of reactive species. Our approach enables new ways to initiate and control radical oligomerisations with tunnelling electrons, leading to molecularly precise nanofabrication.

TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-163
Author(s):  
Daiva Milinkevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secular World ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Conservative Christian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Craft Guilds

The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.

Click Reactions in Chemistry of Triterpenes - Advances Towards Development of Potential Therapeutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Lucie Borkova ◽  
Milan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Click Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.

The Invention of Papal History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Commissioned Works ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Renaissance ◽  
The Church

How was the history of post-classical Rome and of the Church written in the Catholic Reformation? Historical texts composed in Rome at this time have been considered secondary to the city’s significance for the history of art. The Invention of Papal History corrects this distorting emphasis and shows how history-writing became part of a comprehensive formation of the image and self-perception of the papacy. By presenting and fully contextualizing the path-breaking works of the Augustinian historian Onofrio Panvinio (1530–68), this book shows what type of historical research was possible in the late Renaissance and the Catholic Reformation. Historiography in this period by no means consisted entirely of commissioned works written for patrons; rather, a creative interplay existed between, on the one hand, the endeavours of authors to explore the past and, on the other hand, the constraints of patronage and ideology placed on them. This book sheds new light on the changing priorities, mentalities, and cultural standards that flourished in the transition from the Renaissance to the Catholic Reformation.

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