scholarly journals THERMAL QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM STATES ACROSS LANDAU HORIZONS IN THE EFFECTIVE GRAVITY OF SUPERFLUIDS

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
UWE R. FISCHER ◽  
GRIGORI E. VOLOVIK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Momentum Tensor ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Hawking Temperature ◽  
Equilibrium States ◽  
Local Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Planck Energy

We give an account of the physical behaviour of a quasiparticle horizon due to non-Lorentz invariant modifications of the effective spacetime experienced by the quasiparticles ("matter") for high momenta. By introducing a "relativistic" conserved energy–momentum tensor, we derive quasi-equilibrium states of the fluid across the "Landau" quasiparticle horizon at temperatures well above the quantum Hawking temperature. Nonlinear dispersion of the quasiparticle energy spectrum is instrumental for quasiparticle communication and exchange across the horizon. It is responsible for the establishment of the local thermal equilibrium across the horizon with the Tolman temperature being inhomogeneous behind the horizon. The inhomogeneity causes relaxation of the quasi-equilibrium states due to scattering of thermal quasiparticles, which finally leads to a shrinking black hole horizon. This process serves as the classical thermal counterpart of the quantum effect of Hawking radiation and will allow for an observation of the properties of the horizon at temperatures well above the Hawking temperature. We discuss the thermal entropy related to the horizon. We find that only the first nonlinear correction to the energy spectrum is important for the thermal properties of the horizon. They are fully determined by an energy of order E Planck (T/E Planck )1/3, which is well below the Planck energy scale E Planck , so that Planck scale physics is not involved in determining thermal quantities related to the horizon.

scholarly journals On the Role of Einstein–Cartan Gravity in Fundamental Particle Physics

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Carl F. Diether III ◽  
Joy Christian
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fundamental Particle ◽  
Strong Force ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Planck Energy

Two of the major open questions in particle physics are: (1) Why do the elementary fermionic particles that are so far observed have such low mass-energy compared to the Planck energy scale? (2) What mechanical energy may be counterbalancing the divergent electrostatic and strong force energies of point-like charged fermions in the vicinity of the Planck scale? In this paper, using a hitherto unrecognised mechanism derived from the non-linear amelioration of the Dirac equation known as the Hehl–Datta equation within the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble (ECSK) extension of general relativity, we present detailed numerical estimates suggesting that the mechanical energy arising from the gravitationally coupled self-interaction in the ECSK theory can address both of these questions in tandem.

scholarly journals Constraining the existence of magnetic monopoles by Dirac-dual electric charge renormalization effect under the Planck scale limit

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (24) ◽  
pp. 1650133
Author(s):  
Yanbin Deng ◽  
Changyu Huang ◽  
Yong-Chang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Charge ◽  
Magnetic Charge ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Group Equation ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Electric Coupling ◽  
Charge Quantization ◽  
Planck Energy

It was suggested by dimensional analysis that there exists a limit called the Planck energy scale coming close to which the gravitational effects of physical processes would inflate and struggle for equal rights so as to spoil the validity of pure nongravitational physical theories that governed well below the Planck energy. Near the Planck scale, the Planck charges, Planck currents, or Planck parameters can be defined and assigned to physical quantities such as the single particle electric charge and magnetic charge as the ceiling value obeyed by the low energy ordinary physics. The Dirac electric-magnetic charge quantization relation as one form of electric-magnetic duality dictates that, the present low value electric charge corresponds to a huge magnetic charge value already passed the Planck limit so as to render theories of magnetic monopoles into the strong coupling regime, and vice versa, that small and tractable magnetic charge values correspond to huge electric charge values. It suggests that for theoretic models in which the renormalization group equation provides rapid growth for the running electric coupling constant, it is easier for the dual magnetic monopoles to emerge at lower energy scales. Allowing charges to vary with the Dirac electric-magnetic charge quantization relation while keeping values under the Planck limit informs that the magnetic charge value drops below the Planck ceiling value into the manageable region when the electric coupling constant grows to one fourth at a model dependent energy scale, and continues dropping toward half the value of the Planck magnetic charge as the electric coupling constant continues growing at the model dependent rate toward one near Planck energy scale.

Strings at superplanckian energies: in search of the string symmetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 329 (1605) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Planck Scale ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Characteristic Energy ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Planck Energy ◽  
Very High ◽  
Shed Light

The characteristic energy scale of superstring theory, which attempts to unify all the interactions of matter with gravity, is the Planck energy of 10 28 eV. Although this energy is 16 orders of magnitude higher than currently accessible energies, it is important to consider the nature of string physics in this region since it could shed light on the non-perturbative physics at the Planck scale, which determines the structure of the vacuum. In this paper I review some recent attempts to explore this domain. In particular, I discuss string scattering at very high energies, the indications of the existence of a large symmetry that is restored at short distances and the possible breakdown of our concepts of space-time at these energies.

scholarly journals Renormalization group equations of Higgs-R2 inflation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Ema ◽  
Kyohei Mukaida ◽  
Jorinde van de Vis
Keyword(s):  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Einstein Frame ◽  
Ricci Scalar ◽  
Minimal Coupling ◽  
Renormalization Group Equations ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract We derive one- and two-loop renormalization group equations (RGEs) of Higgs-R2 inflation. This model has a non-minimal coupling between the Higgs and the Ricci scalar and a Ricci scalar squared term on top of the standard model. The RGEs derived in this paper are valid as long as the energy scale of interest (in the Einstein frame) is below the Planck scale. We also discuss implications to the inflationary predictions and the electroweak vacuum metastability.

HAWKING RADIATION VIA TUNNELING OF MASSIVE PARTICLES FROM A GRAVITY'S RAINBOW

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (38) ◽  
pp. 3229-3240 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHENG-ZHOU LIU
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Massive Particle ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Gravity’S Rainbow ◽  
Gravity's Rainbow ◽  
Corrected Entropy ◽  
Massive Particles ◽  
Massive Particle Tunneling

In the tunneling framework of Hawking radiation, the quantum tunneling of massive particles in the modified Schwarzschild black holes from gravity's rainbow is investigated. While the massive particle tunneling from the event horizon, the metric fluctuation is taken into account, not only due to energy conservation but also to the Planck scale effect of spacetime. The obtained results show that, the emission rate is related to changes of the black hole's quantum corrected entropies before and after the emission. This implies that, considering the quantum effect of spacetime, information conservation of black holes is probable. Meanwhile, the quantum corrected entropy of the modified black hole is obtained and the leading correction behave as log-area type. And that, the emission spectrum with Planck scale correction is obtained and it deviates from the thermal spectrum.

scholarly journals Sub-GeV-scale signatures of hidden braneworlds up to the Planck scale in a SO(3,1)-broken bulk

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coraline Stasser ◽  
Michaël Sarrazin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Phenomenological Model ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Gut Scale

Many-brane Universes are at the heart of several cosmological scenarios related to physics beyond the Standard Model. It is then a major concern to constrain these approaches. Two-brane Universes involving [Formula: see text]-broken 5D bulks are among the cosmological models of interest. They also allow considering matter exchange between branes, a possible way to test these scenarios. Neutron disappearance (reappearance) toward (from) the hidden brane is currently tested with high-precision experiments to constrain the coupling constant [Formula: see text] between the visible and hidden neutron sectors. When dealing with the sub-GeV-scale quantum dynamics of fermions, any pair of braneworlds can be described by a noncommutative two-sheeted space–time [Formula: see text] from which [Formula: see text] emerges. Nevertheless, the calculation of the formal link between [Formula: see text] for a neutron and [Formula: see text]-broken 5D bulks remains an open problem until now although necessary to constrain these braneworld scenarios. Thanks to a phenomenological model, we derive [Formula: see text] — for a neutron — between the two braneworlds endowed with their own copy of the Standard Model in an [Formula: see text]-broken 5D bulk. Constraints on interbrane distance and brane energy scale (or brane thickness) are discussed. While brane energy scale below the GUT scale is excluded, energy scale up to the Planck limit allows neutron swapping detection in forthcoming experiments.

Complex geometry of space–time motivated by gravity’s rainbow

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-561
Author(s):  
Faizan Bhat ◽  
Mussadiq H. Qureshi ◽  
Manzoor A. Malik ◽  
Asif Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Complex Space ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Gravity’S Rainbow ◽  
Gravity's Rainbow ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
Planck Energy

In this paper, we generalize the formalism of gravity’s rainbow to complex space–time. The resulting geometry depends on the energy of the probe in such a way that the usual real manifold is the low energy approximation of the Planck scale geometry of space–time. So, our formalism agrees with all the observational data about our space–time being real, as at the scale these experiments are preformed, the imaginary part of the geometry is suppressed by Planck energy. However, the imaginary part of the geometry becomes important near the Planck energy, and so it cannot be neglected near the Planck scale. So, the Planck scale geometry of space–time is described by a complex manifold.

scholarly journals Variation of the fundamental constants over the cosmological time: veracity of Dirac’s intriguing hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Nassif ◽  
A.C. Amaro de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Cosmological Time ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe

We investigate how the universal constants, including the fine structure constant, have varied since the early universe close to the Planck energy scale (EP ∼ 1019 GeV) and, thus, how they have evolved over the cosmological time related to the temperature of the expanding universe. According to a previous paper (Nassif and Amaro de Faria, Jr. Phys. Rev. D, 86, 027703 (2012). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.027703), we have shown that the speed of light was much higher close to the Planck scale. In the present work, we will go further, first by showing that both the Planck constant and the electron charge were also too large in the early universe. However, we conclude that the fine structure constant (α ≅ 1/137) has remained invariant with the age and temperature of the universe, which is in agreement with laboratory tests and some observational data. Furthermore, we will obtain the divergence of the electron (or proton) mass and also the gravitational constant (G) at the Planck scale. Thus, we will be able to verify the veracity of Dirac’s belief about the existence of “coincidences” between dimensionless ratios of subatomic and cosmological quantities, leading to a variation of G with time, that is, the ratio of the electrostatic to gravitational forces between an electron and a proton (∼1041) is roughly equal to the age of the universe divided by an elementary time constant, so that the strength of gravity, as determined by G, must vary inversely with time in the approximation of lower temperature or for times very far from the early period, to compensate for the time-variation of the Hubble parameter (H ∼ t−1). In short, we will show the validity of Dirac’s hypothesis only for times very far from the early period or T ≪ TP (∼1032 K).

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