scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY: NEW DATA AND OBJECTIVES FOR NEW INVESTIGATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
SLAVA G. TURYSHEV ◽  
VIKTOR T. TOTH ◽  
LARRY R. KELLOGG ◽  
EUNICE L. LAU ◽  
KYONG J. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Doppler Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Pioneer 10

The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radiometric tracking data has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue shift, uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10-9 Hz/s and can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of aP = (8.74±1.33) × 10-10 m/s 2 (or, alternatively, a time acceleration of at = (2.92±0.44) × 10-18 s/s 2). This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. We discuss the current state of the efforts to retrieve the entire data sets of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radiometric Doppler data. We also report on the availability of recently recovered telemetry files that may be used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft using original project documentation and newly developed software tools. We discuss possible ways to further investigate the discovered effect using these telemetry files in conjunction with the analysis of the much extended Pioneer Doppler data. In preparation for this new upcoming investigation, we summarize the current knowledge of the Pioneer anomaly and review some of the mechanisms proposed for its explanation. We emphasize the main objectives of this new study, namely (i) analysis of the early data that could yield the true direction of the anomaly and thus, its origin, (ii) analysis of planetary encounters, which should say more about the onset of the anomaly (e.g. Pioneer 11's Saturn flyby), (iii) analysis of the entire dataset, which should lead to a better determination of the temporal behavior of the anomaly, (iv) comparative analysis of individual anomalous accelerations for the two Pioneers with the data taken from similar heliocentric distances, (v) the detailed study of on-board systematics, and (vi) development of a thermal-electric-dynamical model using on-board telemetry. The outlined strategy may allow for a higher accuracy solution for the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft and, possibly, will lead to an unambiguous determination of the origin of the Pioneer anomaly.

scholarly journals Conformal Cosmology and the Pioneer Anomaly

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele U. Varieschi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Conformal Gravity ◽  
Conformal Cosmology ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Pioneer 10

We review the fundamental results of a new cosmological model, based on conformal gravity, and apply them to the analysis of the early data of the Pioneer anomaly. We show that our conformal cosmology can naturally explain the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecrafts, in terms of a local blueshift region extending around the solar system and therefore affecting the frequencies of the navigational radio signals exchanged between Earth and the spacecraft. By using our model, we explain the numerical coincidence between the value of the anomalous acceleration and the Hubble constant at the present epoch and also confirm our previous determination of the cosmological parameters γ∼10−28 cm−1 and δ~10-4–10-5. New Pioneer data are expected to be publicly available in the near future, which might enable more precise evaluations of these parameters.

scholarly journals Support for Temporally Varying Behavior of the Pioneer Anomaly from the Extended Pioneer 10 and 11 Doppler Data Sets

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava G. Turyshev ◽  
Viktor T. Toth ◽  
Jordan Ellis ◽  
Craig B. Markwardt
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Doppler Data ◽  
Pioneer 10

PRESENT STATUS OF THE STUDY OF THE ANOMALOUS ACCELERATION OF THE PIONEER 10/11 SPACECRAFT

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. MBELEK
Keyword(s):  
Weak Field ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Local Manifestation ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Pioneer 10 ◽  
Radiometric Data

Results from an almost twenty years study of radiometric data from Pioneer 10/11, Galileo and Ulysses spacecraft indicate an anomalous time depending blueshift1, 2 which bares hardly prosaic explanations. Local manifestation of the expansion of the universe or new force terms are not favored either by the observational data. So, we explore the possibility that the reported anomaly, referred to as the "Pioneer anomaly", does not result from a real change in velocity. It turns out that the main Pioneer anomaly may be looked at as a new validation of general relativity (GR) in the weak field and low velocity limit on account of the "machian" behavior of quintessence like dark energy.

scholarly journals SEARCH FOR A STANDARD EXPLANATION OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. ANDERSON ◽  
EUNICE L. LAU ◽  
SLAVA G. TURYSHEV ◽  
PHILIP A. LAING ◽  
MICHAEL MARTIN NIETO
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Frequency Drift ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Thermal Models ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Pioneer 10

The data from Pioneer 10 and 11 shows an anomalous, constant, Doppler frequency drift that can be interpreted as an acceleration directed towards the Sun of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10-8 cm / s 2. Although one can consider a new physical origin for the anomaly, one must first investigate the contributions of the prime candidates, which are systematics generated on board. Here we expand upon previous analyses of thermal systematics. We demonstrate that thermal models put forth so far are not supported by the analyzed data. Possible ways to further investigate the nature of the anomaly are proposed.

scholarly journals Ludność powiatu bialskiego w latach międzywojennych – wybrane aspekty analizy demograficznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Anna Madej ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Demographic Potential

The Biała Podlaska poviat was almost at the geographical centre of the interwarperiod Second Polish Republic (1918–1939). However, its peripheral position in relation to other Districts of central voivodships resulted in a number of events and processes that were taking place at that time having a slightly different outmode in its territory. The article attempts to present selected aspects of the demographic structure to confront the extent to which the field of interest diverges from the neighbouring areas. Besides a determination of the population of the district, its structure was analysed in terms of age, gender, level of urbanization and structure of employment. Particularly valuable information was obtained through confrontation of data from the 1921 and 1931 censuses in terms of changes taking place among employment in fundamental branches of the economy. The period was also important for the urban population, which is one of the determinants of the level of modernity of society. Presentation of population growth the county and its characteristics in terms of age and gender provided information on the demographic potential of the analysed area. The analysis provided a number of interesting data sets, somewhat corroborating the varied character of the Biała Podlaska district. The information can be used for further research on the history of the district.

scholarly journals The Pioneer anomaly: seeking an explanation in newly recovered data

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor T Toth ◽  
Slava G Turyshev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Power ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Deep Space Network ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Doppler Data ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Pioneer 10

The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft yielded very accurate navigation in deep space that was, however, limited by a small, anomalous frequency drift of their carrier signals received by the radio-tracking stations of the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN). This drift signifies a discrepancy between the frequency of the Doppler signals observed by the DSN and that frequency modeled using modern-day deep space navigational codes. This discrepancy, evident in the data for both spacecraft, was interpreted as an approximately constant acceleration. This acceleration has become known as the Pioneer anomaly. The origin of this anomaly is yet unknown. Recent efforts to explain the effect included a search for independent confirmation, analyses of conventional mechanisms, even ideas rooted in new physics, and proposals for a dedicated mission. We assert that to determine the origin of the Pioneer anomaly, and especially before any discussion of new physics and (or) a dedicated mission can take place, one must analyze the entire set of radiometric Doppler data received from Pioneer 10 and 11. In this paper, we report on our efforts to recover and utilize the complete set of radio Doppler and telemetry records of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. The collection of radio Doppler data for both missions is now complete; we are ready to begin its evaluation. We also make progress utilizing the recently recovered Pioneer telemetry data in the development of a complete engineering profile of the spacecraft. We present a strategy for studying the effect of on-board-generated small forces with this newly recovered information on the performance of thermal, electrical, power, communication, and other subsystems, in conjunction with the analysis of the entire set of the Pioneer Doppler data. We report on the preparations for the upcoming analysis of the newly recovered data with the ultimate goal of determining the origin of the Pioneer anomaly. Finally, we discuss implications of our on-going research of the Pioneer anomaly for other missions, most notably for New Horizons, NASA's recently launched mission to Pluto. PACS Nos.: 95.10.Ce, 95.10.Eg, 95.30.Sf, 95.55.Pe

A model for the pioneer anomaly

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1089-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan G. Avramidi ◽  
Guglielmo Fucci
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Test Particles ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Modified Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Modified Theory ◽  
Pioneer 10

In a previous work, we showed that massive test particles exhibit a nongeodesic acceleration in a modified theory of gravity obtained by a noncommutative deformation of General Relativity (so-called Matrix Gravity). We propose that this nongeodesic acceleration might be the origin of the anomalous acceleration experienced by the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecrafts.

scholarly journals A MISSION TO TEST THE PIONEER ANOMALY

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. ANDERSON ◽  
SLAVA G. TURYSHEV ◽  
MICHAEL MARTIN NIETO
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Relativistic Cosmology ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
Spacecraft Design ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Pioneer 10

Analysis of the radio tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft has consistently indicated the presence of an anomalous small Doppler frequency drift. The drift can be interpreted as being due to a constant acceleration of aP = (8.74 ± 1.33) × 10-8 cm/s 2 directed towards the Sun. Although it is suspected that there is a systematic origin to the effect, none has been found. The nature of this anomaly has become of growing interest in the fields of relativistic cosmology, astro- and gravitational physics as well as in the areas of spacecraft design and high-precision navigation. We present a concept for a designated deep-space mission to test the discovered anomaly. A number of critical requirements and design considerations for such a mission are outlined and addressed.

scholarly journals CAN CONVENTIONAL FORCES REALLY EXPLAIN THE ANOMALOUS ACCELERATION OF PIONEER 10/11?

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. MBELEK ◽  
M. MICHALSKI
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Shift Analysis ◽  
Pioneer Anomaly ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Pioneer 10 ◽  
Good Agreement

A conventional explanation of the correlation between the linear and the angular accelerations of Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft is given. First, the rotational Doppler shift analysis is improved. Finally, a relation between the radio beam reaction force and the spin-rate change is established. Computations are found in good agreement with observational data. Our analysis leads us to the conclusion that the Pioneer anomaly may not necessarily be due to systematics.

scholarly journals INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS OF THE ORBITS OF PIONEER 10 AND 11

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 717-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIKTOR T. TOTH
Keyword(s):  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Doppler Data ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pioneer 10

Independently developed orbit determination software is employed to analyze the orbits of Pioneer 10 and 11 using Doppler data. The analysis takes into account the gravitational fields of the Sun and planets using the latest JPL ephemerides, accurate station locations, signal propagation delays (e.g. the Shapiro delay, atmospheric effects), the spacecraft's spin, and maneuvers. New to this analysis is the ability to utilize telemetry data for spin, maneuvers, and other on-board systematic effects. Using data that were analyzed in prior JPL studies,1,2 the anomalous acceleration of the two spacecraft is confirmed. We are also able to put limits on any secondary acceleration (i.e. jerk) terms. The tools that were developed will be used in the upcoming analysis of recently recovered Pioneer 10 and 11 Doppler data files.

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