Gravitational black-holes-hedgehogs and two degenerate vacua of the Universe

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850022 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Sidharth ◽  
C. R. Das ◽  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Universe

In the present paper, assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV — “true vacuum”, and the second Planck scale “false vacuum” at [Formula: see text] GeV. In these vacua, we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of this paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehogs configurations as defects of the false vacuum. In the framework of the [Formula: see text] gravity, described by the Gravi-Weak unification model, we considered a black-hole solution, which corresponds to a “hedgehog” — global monopole, that has been “swallowed” by the black-hole with mass core [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV and radius [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV[Formula: see text]. Considering the results of the hedgehog lattice theory in the framework of the [Formula: see text] Yang–Mills gauge-invariant theory with hedgehogs in the Wilson loops, we have used the critical value of temperature for the hedgehogs confinement phase ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV). This result gave us the possibility to conclude that the SM shows a new physics with contributions of the [Formula: see text]-triplet Higgs bosons at the scale [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]TeV. Theory predicts the stability of the EW-vacuum and the accuracy of the MPP.

scholarly journals Explaining Defects of the Universal Vacua with Black Holes-Hedgehogs and Strings

Universe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
C. Das ◽  
L. Laperashvili ◽  
H. Nielsen ◽  
B. Sidharth
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Higgs Bosons ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
The Stability

Assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: (a) the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at v 1 ≈ 246 GeV—“true vacuum”, and (b) the second Planck scale “false vacuum” at v 2 ∼ 10 18 GeV. In these vacua, we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of the paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehogs configurations as defects of the false vacuum. In the framework of the f ( R ) gravity, described by the Gravi-Weak unification model, we considered a black-hole solution, which corresponds to a “hedgehog”—global monopole, that has been “swallowed” by the black-hole with mass core M B H ∼ 10 18 GeV and radius δ ∼ 10 − 21 GeV − 1 . Considering the results of the hedgehog lattice theory in the framework of the S U ( 2 ) Yang-Mills gauge-invariant theory with hedgehogs in the Wilson loops, we have used the critical value of temperature for the hedgehogs’ confinement phase ( T c ∼ 10 18 GeV). This result gave us the possibility to conclude that the SM shows a new physics (with contributions of the S U ( 2 ) -triplet Higgs bosons) at the scale ∼10 TeV. This theory predicts the stability of the EW-vacuum and the accuracy of the MPP.

scholarly journals Explaining Defects of the Universal Vacua with Black Holes-Hedgehogs and Strings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Das ◽  
L.V. Laperashvili ◽  
H.B. Nielsen ◽  
B.G. Sidharth
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Higgs Bosons ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
The Stability

Assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP) as a new law of Nature, we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: a) the first Electroweak (EW) vacuum at $v_1\approx 246$ GeV—“true vacuum”, and b) the second Planck scale “false vacuum” at $v_2 \sim 10^{18}$ GeV. In these vacua, we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of the paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehogs configurations as defects of the false vacuum. In the framework of the $f(R)$ gravity, described by the Gravi-Weak unification model, we considered a black-hole solution, which corresponds to a “hedgehog”—global monopole, that has been “swallowed” by the black-hole with mass core $M_{BH}\sim 10^{18}$ GeV and radius $\delta\sim 10^{-21}$ GeV$^{-1}$. Considering the results of the hedgehog lattice theory in the framework of the $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills gauge-invariant theory with hedgehogs in the Wilson loops, we have used the critical value of temperature for the hedgehogs’ confinement phase ($T_c\sim 10^{18}$ GeV). This result gave us the possibility to conclude that the SM shows a new physics (with contributions of the $SU(2)$-triplet Higgs bosons) at the scale $\sim 10$ TeV. This theory predicts the stability of the EW-vacuum and the accuracy of the MPP.

scholarly journals Gravi-weak unification and the black-hole-hedgehog’s solution with magnetic field contribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (32) ◽  
pp. 1850188 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Sidharth ◽  
C. R. Das ◽  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Horizon Radius ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
The Stability

In the present paper, we investigated the gravitational black-hole-hedgehog’s solution with magnetic field contribution in the framework of the [Formula: see text]-gravity described by the Gravi-weak unification (GWU) model. Assuming the Multiple Point Principle (MPP), we considered the existence of the two degenerate vacua of the Universe: the first Electroweak (EW)-vacuum with [Formula: see text] GeV (“true vacuum”), and the second Planck scale (“false vacuum”) with [Formula: see text] GeV. In these vacua, we investigated different topological defects. The main aim of this paper is an investigation of the black-hole-hedgehog configurations as defects of the “false vacuum.” We have obtained the solution which corresponds to a global monopole, that has been “swallowed” by the black-hole with core mass [Formula: see text] GeV and radius [Formula: see text] GeV[Formula: see text]. We investigated the metric in the vicinity of the black-hole-hedgehog and estimated its horizon radius: [Formula: see text]. We have considered the phase transition from the “false vacuum” to the “true vacuum” and confirmed the stability of the EW-vacuum.

scholarly journals Applications of light speed expansion and gravitational self-energy density in black hole cosmology

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Terry Tatum E ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Cosmic Inflation ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Light Speed ◽  
Cosmological Observations ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Matter Energy

<p>From the beginning of Planck scale to the scale of the current Hubble radius: 1) Considering the relation, subjects of black holes and cosmology, both can be integrated into evolving black hole cosmology and cosmic horizon problem can be relinquished. 2) Considering ‘continuous light speed expansion’ of the cosmic black hole horizon, attributed results of cosmic inflation can be re-addressed completely. If ‘nature’ of the universe is to expand with light speed, then there is no need to think about the existence of currently believed ‘Lambda term’. In addition, ‘light speed expanding cosmic space’ can be called as ‘flat space’. 3) Considering the ratio of gravitational self-energy density and thermal energy density to be  (where  is the Planck scale temperature, and is cosmic temperature at any time). Quantum gravity can be implemented in low energy scale current cosmological observations. Considering the above concepts, currently believed dark matter energy density and visible matter energy density both can be accurately fitted with the ratio of current gravitational self-energy density and current thermal energy density. To proceed further, the authors would like to highlight the following three points: 1) Deep-space red shift non-linearity can be expected to be connected with cosmological gravitational and relativistic effects and cannot be considered as a major criterion of cosmic evolution. 2) Until one finds solid applications of super luminal speeds and super luminal expansions in other areas of physics like astrophysics and nuclear astrophysics, currently believed ‘cosmic inflation’ cannot be considered as a real physical model and alternative proposals of inflation can be given a chance in exploring the evolving history of the universe. 3) Implementing Planck scale in current paradigm of cosmological observations and standard cosmology is very challenging and is inevitable.</p>

BLACK HOLE QUANTIZATION, THERMODYNAMICS AND COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 885-898
Author(s):  
LI XIANG
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Additional Term ◽  
Logarithmic Correction ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Horizon Area ◽  
Constant Distance ◽  
The Universe

Bekenstein argues that the horizon area of a black hole has a constant distance spectrum. We investigate the effects of such a discrete spectrum on the thermodynamics of a Schwarzchild black hole (SBH) and a Schwarzchild–de Sitter black hole (SdBH), in terms of the time-energy uncertainty relation and Stefan–Boltzman law. For the massive SBH, a negative and logarithmic correction to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is obtained, as well as other authors by using other methods. As to the minimal hole near the Planck scale, its entropy is no longer proportional to the horizon area, but is of order of the mass of the hole. This is similar to an excited stringy state. The vanishing heat capacity of such a minimal black hole implies that it may be a remnant as the ground state of the evaporating hole. The properties of a SdBH are similar to the SBH, except for an additional term of square area associated with the cosmological constant. In order to maintain the validity of the Bekenstein–Hawking formula, the cosmological constant is strongly limited by the size of the biggest black hole in the universe. A relation associated with the cosmological constant, Planck area and the Stefan–Boltzman constant is obtained. The cosmological constant is not only related to the vacuum energy, but is also related to the thermodynamics.

THREE GENERATIONS: A PREDICTION FULFILLED

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (09) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
JORGE L. LOPEZ ◽  
D.V. NANOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Supersymmetric Particle ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
The Universe

We recall the theoretical arguments that led us more than ten years ago to predict that there are only three generations. Quark-lepton mass relations (mb/mτ ≈ 2.8), as universally come out from unified theories at superhigh energies (close to the Planck scale), are the key point. We further argue that fractional deviations from Nν=3 may signal new physics. The supersymmetric decay Z→ÑÑ, with Ñ the lightest neutralino and lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), easily fits the bill. In the specific case of flipped (SU(5)×U(1)) unification, there is a strong correlation between mt≈ O(90 ± 10) GeV, slepton masses of O(50 GeV) and the closure of the Universe due to Ñ dark matter, while ΔNν ≈ (0.1–0.5).

scholarly journals PHASE TRANSITION COUPLINGS IN U(1) and SU(N) REGULARIZED GAUGE THEORIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 3989-4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. LAPERASHVILI ◽  
D. A. RYZHIKH ◽  
H. B. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Loop Approximation

Using a two-loop approximation for β functions, we have considered the corresponding renormalization group improved effective potential in the dual Abelian Higgs model (DAHM) of scalar monopoles and calculated the phase transition (critical) couplings in U(1) and SU (N) regularized gauge theories. In contrast to our previous result α crit ≈0.17, obtained in the one-loop approximation with the DAHM effective potential (see Ref. 20), the critical value of the electric fine structure constant in the two-loop approximation, calculated in the present paper, is equal to α crit ≈0.208 and coincides with the lattice result for compact QED10: [Formula: see text]. Following the 't Hooft's idea of the "Abelization" of monopole vacuum in the Yang–Mills theories, we have obtained an estimation of the SU (N) triple point coupling constants, which is [Formula: see text]. This relation was used for the description of the Planck scale values of the inverse running constants [Formula: see text] (i= 1, 2, 3 correspond to U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) groups), according to the ideas of the multiple point model.16

scholarly journals Topological structure of the vacuum, cosmological constant and dark energy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (34) ◽  
pp. 1630051 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Sidharth ◽  
A. Das ◽  
C. R. Das ◽  
L. V. Laperashvili ◽  
H. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Top Quark ◽  
Topological Structure ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Multiple Point ◽  
Vacuum Stability

In this review, we present a theory of cosmological constant and dark energy (DE), based on the topological structure of the vacuum. The multiple point principle (MPP) is reviewed. It demonstrates the existence of the two vacua into the SM. The Froggatt–Nielsen’s prediction of the top-quark and Higgs masses is given in the assumption that there exist two degenerate vacua in the SM. This prediction was improved by the next-order calculations. We also considered Sidharth’s theory of cosmological constant based on the noncommutative geometry of the Planck scale space–time, what gives an extremely small DE density providing the accelerating expansion of the Universe. Theory of two degenerate vacua — the Planck scale phase and electroweak (EW) phase — is also reviewed, topological defects in these vacua are investigated, also the Compton wavelength phase suggested by Sidharth is discussed. A general theory of the phase transition and the problem of the vacuum stability in the SM is reviewed. Assuming the existence of a new scalar [Formula: see text] bound state [Formula: see text], earlier predicted by Froggatt, Nielsen and Laperashvili, we try to provide the vacuum stability in the SM and exact accuracy of the MPP.

Phase transitions and topological defects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
First Order ◽  
Broken Symmetries ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
First Order Phase

As the early universe cools down, it may perform transitions to phases with more and more broken symmetries. In a first-order phase transition, fields may be trapped in the false vacuum; the rate of the resulting tunneling process to the true vacuum is derived. Phase transitions can lead also to the formation of topological defects. Their structure and the reason for their stability are discussed.

Dark Energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
New Physics ◽  
The Universe

I discuss here black holes, extreme astronomical objects that swallow all forms of matter and radiation surrounding them, and leave behind, as physicist John A. Wheeler said, only their ‘gravitational aura’. These endlessly fascinating objects are the gates where gravity meets quantum physics. Since the pioneering work of scientists like S. Hawking, black holes have become ‘theoretical laboratories’ to explore new physics theories. I discuss how the discovery of gravitational waves from black holes, and the first image of a black hole revealed in 2019, have transformed the study of black holes, and may soon lead to new ground-breaking discoveries. The Universe will disappear. Slowly, it will grow dimmer and dimmer, until it disappears completely.

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