scholarly journals The Many Facets of Evolutionary Dynamics

1997 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odo Diekmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many

In this note we present an outsider's view on the mathematical description of long term biological evolution as driven by natural selection. It is an outlook to the future, more than an account of what has been achieved so far.

scholarly journals Stability-based sorting: The forgotten process behind (not only) biological evolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Flegr ◽  
Jan Toman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNatural selection is considered to be the main process that drives biological evolution. It requires selected entities to originate dependent upon one another by the means of reproduction or copying, and for the progeny to inherit the qualities of their ancestors. However, natural selection is a manifestation of a more general persistence principle, whose temporal consequences we propose to name “stability-based sorting” (SBS). Sorting based on static stability, i.e., SBS in its strict sense and usual conception, favours characters that increase the persistence of their holders and act on all material and immaterial entities. Sorted entities could originate independently from each other, are not required to propagate and need not exhibit heredity. Natural selection is a specific form of SBS—sorting based on dynamic stability. It requires some form of heredity and is based on competition for the largest difference between the speed of generating its own copies and their expiration. SBS in its strict sense and selection thus have markedly different evolutionary consequences that are stressed in this paper. In contrast to selection, which is opportunistic, SBS is able to accumulate even momentarily detrimental characters that are advantageous for the long-term persistence of sorted entities. However, it lacks the amplification effect based on the preferential propagation of holders of advantageous characters. Thus, it works slower than selection and normally is unable to create complex adaptations. From a long-term perspective, SBS is a decisive force in evolution—especially macroevolution. SBS offers a new explanation for numerous evolutionary phenomena, including broad distribution and persistence of sexuality, altruistic behaviour, horizontal gene transfer, patterns of evolutionary stasis, planetary homeostasis, increasing ecosystem resistance to disturbances, and the universal decline of disparity in the evolution of metazoan lineages. SBS acts on all levels in all biotic and abiotic systems. It could be the only truly universal evolutionary process, and an explanatory framework based on SBS could provide new insight into the evolution of complex abiotic and biotic systems.

scholarly journals Анализ навигационной аварии с использованием аппарата современной теории катастроф

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Yanchin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristic ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

В работе рассматривается метод оценки маршрута судна с точки зрения безопасности и оптимальности. Оценка выполняется за счёт вычисления характеристических коэффициентов, которые описывают свойства маршрута, важные для оценки этих качеств. Также в работе даётся описание метода прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута судна на основе предписанного маршрута рейса и информации о существующем отклонении фактического маршрута от предписанного. На основе прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута, и с использованием характеристических коэффициентов, становится возможным анализ долгосрочного влияния отклонения фактического маршрута от предписанного. Маршрут рассматривается как динамическая характеристика судна, эволюционирующая с течением времени. Обсуждаются особенности развития маршрута судна при стремлении к стабильному либо катастрофичному состоянию с позиций современной теории катастроф. Геометрическая интерпретация эволюционной динамики предусматривает использование когнитивных образов. В работе приводится анализ произошедшей аварии круизного судна Costa Concordia с использованием предложенного метода с целью исследования влияния изменения маршрута на безопасность рейса. Выполняется сравнение предписанного маршрута с фактическим.The paper presents a method to analyze a ships route in terms of safety and optimality. The route is examined using the characteristic coefficients that represent routes properties essential for assessment of these aspects. The paper also presents a method to estimate the future route based on the prescribed route and the existing discrepancy between the actual route and the prescribed one. With such estimation technique and using the characteristic coefficients it is possible to determine the long-term effects of the discrepancy. The route is considered as a dynamic characteristic of the ship, evolving over time. Peculiarities of the development of the ships route when striving for a stable or catastrophic state from the standpoint of the modern catastrophe theory are discussed. A geometric interpretation of evolutionary dynamics involves the use of cognitive images. As an example, the paper provides analysis of the Costa Concordias accident using the described method in order to determine the effects of the route discrepancy. A comparison is made of the prescribed route with the actual one that the crew planned to move.

scholarly journals Subversive Future Seeks Like-Minded Model: On the Mismatch between Visions of Food Sovereignty Futures and Quantified Scenarios of Global Food Futures

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Yashar Saghai
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Many ◽  
Computer Simulation Models ◽  
Global Food

AbstractWill we, by 2050, be able to feed a rapidly growing population with healthy and sustainably grown food in a world threatened by systemic environmental crises? There are too many uncertainties for us to predict the long-term evolution of the global agri-food system, but we can explore a wide range of futures to inform policymaking and public debate on the future of food. This is typically done by creating scenarios (story lines that vividly describe what different futures could look like) and quantifying them with computer simulation models to get numerical estimates of how different aspects of the global agri-food system might evolve under different hypotheses. Among the many scenarios produced over the last twenty years, one would expect to see the future advocated by the food sovereignty movement, which claims to represent roughly two hundred million self-described “peasants” (small farmers) worldwide. This movement defends a vision of the future based on relocalized, sustainable, and just agri-food systems, self-governed through direct and participatory democratic processes. Yet, food sovereignty is conspicuously absent from quantified scenarios of global food futures. As part of the roundtable, “Ethics and the Future of the Global Food System,” this essay identifies seven obstacles that undermine the creation of food sovereignty scenarios by examining two attempts at crafting such scenarios.

A theory of supply-driven evolution for cultural evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Julian Z. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Selection Of

A process akin to biological evolution is one of the most promising candidates today for producing a general theory of cultural evolution. Current understanding of this process focuses on both drift as well as the selection of cultural variation as the primary vehicles of cultural change. Here, I show that natural selection can produce cultural change in the direction of the generation of cultural variation. I show how this mechanism can result in long-term cultural trends and how it adds to known mechanisms. I present examples to show how this theory is compatible with documented cultural and historical change.

scholarly journals Chemical roots of biological evolution: the origins of life as a process of development of autonomous functional systems

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 170050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo ◽  
Carlos Briones ◽  
Andrés de la Escosura
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Species ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Functional Systems ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Prebiotic Chemical ◽  
The Individual

In recent years, an extension of the Darwinian framework is being considered for the study of prebiotic chemical evolution, shifting the attention from homogeneous populations of naked molecular species to populations of heterogeneous, compartmentalized and functionally integrated assemblies of molecules. Several implications of this shift of perspective are analysed in this critical review, both in terms of the individual units, which require an adequate characterization as self-maintaining systems with an internal organization, and also in relation to their collective and long-term evolutionary dynamics, based on competition, collaboration and selection processes among those complex individuals. On these lines, a concrete proposal for the set of molecular control mechanisms that must be coupled to bring about autonomous functional systems, at the interface between chemistry and biology, is provided.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

Every Olive Tree in the Garden of Gethsemane

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Babcox
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
The Future ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
The Many ◽  
Radical Transformation

Every Olive Tree in the Garden of Gethsemane is a suite of photographic images of each of the twenty-three olive trees in the garden. Situated at the foot of the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem, the Garden of Gethsemane is known to many as the site where Jesus and his disciples prayed the night before his crucifixion. The oldest trees in the garden date to 1092 and are recognized as some of the oldest olive trees in existence. The older trees are a living and symbolic connection to the distant past, while younger trees serve as a link to the future. The gnarled trunks seem written with the many conflicts that have been waged in an effort to control this most-contested city; a city constantly on the threshold of radical transformation.

Specific features of long-term domestication of australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in conditions of the western part of Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
D. I. Shokasheva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Adaptive Ability

Natural populations of crayfish are in depression in Russia and local species are not cultivated. In this situation, experimental cultivation of allochtonous australian crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is conducted. This species is distinguished by high reproductive abilities and good consumer properties. It has domesticated in Russia spontaneously and produced 9–10 generations in Astrakhan Region. Certain natural selection in the process of domestication provides adaptive ability of this species to local environments and its capabil­ity to reproduce a viable progeny, so there is no doubts in good prospects of its cultivation in industrial conditions.

DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UZBEKISTAN. WORLD EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Sulkhiya Gazieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Digital Logic ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Future

The future of labor market depends upon several factors, long-term innovation and the demographic developments. However, one of the main drivers of technological change in the future is digitalization and central to this development is the production and use of digital logic circuits and its derived technologies, including the computer,the smart phone and the Internet. Especially, smart automation will perhaps not cause e.g.regarding industries, occupations, skills, tasks and duties

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