A Generalization of the Theory of Expertons

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 121-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Carles Ferrer-Comalat ◽  
Salvador Linares-Mustarós ◽  
Dolors Corominas-Coll
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Support Element ◽  
Decision Making Processes

With the advent of fuzzy logic applications in the field of economics and in the context of expert systems we are witnessing a new approach to data-gathering methods as the aggregation of data provided by various experts brings with it new data fusion techniques. In 1987, the exploration of these techniques gave rise to the experton concept as an integrating element that allows the collection of all information expressed by a group of experts relating to the level or degree of truth of a statement or the degree of fulfilment of a certain vague or imprecise characteristic. Over the thirty years since its formulation, the experton concept has been applied as a support element in decision-making processes in many areas of the social sciences. The aim of this article is to present a generalization of the experton concept for both the discrete and continuous cases, which respects known properties and has the potential to be practically applied in various situations where there is a need to perform a simulation of various opinion scenarios relating to a characteristic or statement, and thus explore new approaches to decision-making models.

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM TO PRIORITIZE TRAFFIC CALMING PROJECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Falamarzi ◽  
Muhamad Nazri Borhan ◽  
Riza Atiq O. K. Rahmat ◽  
Samira Cheraghi ◽  
Hamid Haj Seyyed Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Inference Engines ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Nowadays, due to the constraints of budget and time, the prioritization of traffic calming projects before installation of traffic calming measures is vital for transportation engineers and urban planners. The purpose of this study is to develop an expert system for prioritizing streets that are affected by problems associated with traffic safety using Fuzzy Logic. Expert systems have been used widely and globally for facilitating decision-making processes in various fields of engineering. Due to the uncertainty and vagueness in traffic and transportation related problems, the use of fuzzy logic in the inference engines and decision-making processes of expert systems, is effective. In the proposed expert system, effective parameters in prioritizing traffic calming projects in residential streets including traffic volume, residential density, differential speed and number of accidents are investigated. The Fuzzy Logic toolbox, which is embedded in MATLAB (R2010b), is employed to design and simulate this expert system on the basis of Fuzzy Logic. A specific GUI was developed for this purpose. By developing this system, engineers and decision-makers will be able to rank projects according to their importance. This expert system was tested through prioritizing a number of residential streets in the city of Tehran. The output of the tests showed that the proposed system is helpful in prioritizing different traffic calming projects. Finally, the evaluation of the system was conducted. According to the assessment, most evaluators acknowledged the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. 

scholarly journals Intelligent Predicting Learning Disabilities in School Going Children using Fuzzy Logic K Mean Clustering in Machine Learning.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1694-1698
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Engineering Statistics ◽  
Decision Making System

Learning disabilities (LD) is turning into a major issue in various nations around the globe which can even contrarily influence human common advancement. The undertaking of this work is to help the specialized programme network in their task to be with the standard. The underlying section of the paper gives a comprehensive investigation of the distinctive components of diagnosing learning disabilities. Despite the fact that LD can be analysed early - before 5 years of age, most youngsters were not determined to have LD until the age of nine on account of its unpredictable side effects and unclear indication in children disorder issue. Fuzzy logic K-means clustering has inspired a tremendous transformation in Machine learning and can take and able to resolve a variation of problems. This paper is the elaboration on the strategy for utilizing this mix to encourage the early analysis of LD. Since Fuzzy Logic clustering in Machine Learning is generally considered and connected in different areas of science, we invite all the related analysts from the fields of computer science, engineering, statistics, social sciences, healthcare, and so on, etc. The result of the paper demonstrates that the previously mentioned methodology can possibly be the potential of the supporting decision-making system in LD investigating and diagnosing.

Decision-Making Methods in MIS Outsourcing

2011 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Jeanette Nasem Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter commences with a discussion of corporate and government decision-making processes and the management sciences that support development of decisions. Special decision-making considerations, trade-offs analyses, and cost-benefit studies all figure into decisions that result in outsourcing. Technologies that support different methods of decision-making include data warehouses and data mining, rules-based logic, heuristical processes, fuzzy logic, and expert-based reasoning are presented. The chapter presents case studies and current and evolving technologies. The following sections will address the decision-making methods that are used in considering, executing and monitoring outsourced MIS projects or in service lines related to provision of information services in the organization.

The Influence of Familiarity and Security on Decision Making Processes in E-Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 343-353
Author(s):  
Fahim Akhter ◽  
Wendy Hui
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Logic Approach ◽  
Perception Of Security

E-commerce can enhance its acceptance among users through fostering online trust, which is vital for decision-making process. The perception and computation of trust is crucial for vendors and users for the success of e-commerce. The calculation and measurement of trust antecedent involves complex aspect such as presence of security controls and familiarity within the website. Most companies are acquiring ‘security technology’ because everybody else is doing the same, but not because there has been a proper assessment of its association with trust. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of trust antecedents such as security, and familiarity when they are used collectively to do online transactions. Trust, in general, is an important factor in conducting e-transaction, which revolve around uncertainty and ambiguity. The Fuzzy logic approach provides a means for coping with this uncertainty and vagueness that are present in e-commerce. Therefore, the fuzzy logic approach is been deployed to develop scales to measure the effects of users’ familiarity and perception of security in an online business-to-consumer (B2C) context. This research provides guidelines to vendors on how they could ascertain the trust level of their business and ways of mitigate the negative impact on the trust level.

Application of Fuzzy Logic in Investment-Intensive Decision Making

2020 ◽  
pp. 386-404
Author(s):  
Prateek Pandey ◽  
Shishir Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
High Stake ◽  
Investment Decision Making ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Critical Process

Fuzzy logic has been serving the industry for decades by resolving the ambiguities that appear as a result of imprecise environment. High-stake decision-making processes require inputs from various stakeholders to incorporate. If the risk is high, as in the case of high investment decision making, a robust system of incorporating opinions from multiple stakeholders must be set in place in order to avoid any inconsistency or bad decisions. Fuzzy matrices and arithmetic can play a rescuer in such situations. In this chapter, the authors demonstrate a decision-making framework incorporating the use of fuzzy numbers and arithmetic to make critical decisions in strategic marketing and new product development. Forecasting in the domains of new products is an utmost complex and critical process because no relevant history is available owing to the product's ‘one-of-its-kind' nature. In such cases, computation via analogy is an interesting paradigm, which is also discussed in the chapter.

How Judges Use Weapons of Influence: The Social Psychology of Courts

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Guy Davidov ◽  
Maayan Davidov
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Government

Research on compliance has shown that people can be induced to comply with various requests by using techniques that capitalise on the human tendencies to act consistently and to reciprocate. Thus far this line of research has been applied to interactions between individuals, not to relations between institutions. We argue, however, that similar techniques are applied by courts vis-à-vis the government, the legislature and the public at large, when courts try to secure legitimacy and acceptance of their decisions. We discuss a number of known influence techniques – including ‘foot in the door’, ‘low-balling’, ‘giving a reputation to uphold’ and ‘door in the face’ – and provide examples from Israeli case law of the use of such techniques by courts. This analysis offers new insights that can further the understanding of judicial decision-making processes.

The Balancing Act

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Park ◽  
Elise St John ◽  
Amanda Datnow ◽  
Bailey Choi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Student Placement ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Classroom Placement ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how data are used in classroom placement routines. The authors explore educators’ assumptions about the purposes of the classroom placement routine, detailing the ostensive (i.e. structure and template) and performative aspects of the routine itself, and the implications of data use for equity and leadership practices. Design/methodology/approach Using a multi-site case study involving in-depth interviews of teacher and school leaders and observations of meetings, the authors examined the role that data played in classroom placement routines in three elementary schools in the USA. Findings Findings show that educators across schools collected similar types of multi-dimensional data; however, analysis and decision-making processes varied based on their assumptions and goals. Assessing student needs holistically and balancing students across classes based on academic diversity, behavioral or socio-emotional needs, gender and teacher workload were consistent patterns. There was a distinct difference between collecting data and actually using it as a basis of decision making. Research limitations/implications These findings highlight the importance of using in-depth observations to understand data use in schools. Educators’ assumptions and philosophies about classroom placement contributed to the pattern of discussion and decisions made throughout the routines. Delving deeper into how data are used in specific routines and organizational contexts can illuminate how data use is socially constructed and enacted for equity. Practical implications Educators who guide school routines have the power to maintain taken-for-granted assumptions about students, or to create counter-narratives. Originality/value This study provides insights into classroom and student placement processes by emphasizing the social and interactional dimensions of data use as they unfold in practice. It also extends empirical knowledge about the purposes, dimensions, and uses of data-driven decision making models.

Caste and the Decline of Political Homogeneity

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Somjee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the traditional social organization of India, based on the principle of hierarchy, and the newly introduced democratic institutions and procedures, based on the principle of equality, has been a subject of diverse interpretations. The more significant of these interpretations are that the social organization has subsumed the new political system, and that the various units of social organization, namely, castes, have developed voluntary bodies or caste associations of their own in order to enter into an operative relationship with the new political system. The latter interpretation also implies that the democratic political socialization in India has been taking place by means of the caste associations. This study takes a hard look at such interpretations and points out that the internal cohesion of the social organization materially alters when it moves away from its primary social concerns—ritual, pollution, and endogamy—to nontraditional concerns. This change is reflected in the fact that highly fragmented decision-making processes of castes in nontraditional matters often lead to their substantial vote against candidates of their own castes. Such political differentiation within castes has occurred before the advent of certain caste associations, and in some cases despite them. These and other assertions are substantiated through data collected in a rural and an urban community where fieldwork designed to understand their political dynamics extended over a number of years.

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