THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 439-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN W. BROWN ◽  
JOHN A. McDERMID
Keyword(s):  
Software Architecture ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
Architectural Research

Experience in all aspects of software engineering has confirmed the pivotal role of focusing on architectural concerns in the development of complex software-intensive systems. Consequently, the past 20 years has seen significant investments in the theory and practice of software architecture. However, architectural deficiencies are frequently cited as a key factor in the shortcomings and failures that lead to unpredictable delivery of complex operational systems. Here, we consider the art and science of software architecture: we explore the current state of software architecture, identify key architectural trends, and directions in academia and industry, and highlight some of the architectural research challenges which need to be addressed. The paper proposes a detailed agenda of research activities to be carried out by a partnership between academia and industry. While challenges exist in many domains, for this paper we draw examples from one area of particular concern: safety-critical systems.

scholarly journals Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in COVID-19

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lega ◽  
Samuele Naviglio ◽  
Stefano Volpi ◽  
Alberto Tommasini
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments ◽  
Immunomodulating Drugs ◽  
Insight Into

As the outbreak of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is spreading globally, great effort is being made to understand the disease pathogenesis and host factors that predispose to disease progression in an attempt to find a window of opportunity for intervention. In addition to the direct cytopathic effect of the virus, the host hyper-inflammatory response has emerged as a key factor in determining disease severity and mortality. Accumulating clinical observations raised hypotheses to explain why some patients develop more severe disease while others only manifest mild or no symptoms. So far, Covid-19 management remains mainly supportive. However, many researches are underway to clarify the role of antiviral and immunomodulating drugs in changing morbidity and mortality in patients who become severely ill. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host immune system and discusses recent findings on proposed pharmacologic treatments.

scholarly journals The Problem of Linguistic Self-Education in World Theory and Practice (Historical and Pedagogical Aspects)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shumskyi
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Self Instruction

AbstractIn the paper it has been grounded that under the conditions of forming postindustrial epoch, which is characterised by the processes of globalisation and informatisation, there exists a social demand for the specialists who have a formed preparedness for continuous self-education, including linguistic self-instruction. This presupposes developing innovative and strategic thinking as well as realising the objective necessity of continuous enhancing of their proficiency level, which is a key factor of interaction with dynamic and changeable professional environment with rapid obsolescence of knowledge, constant technological advancement, etc. It has been proved that nowadays the role of self-education, as the instrument of forming highly-qualified professionals with sufficient knowledge of foreign languages, is always growing in different countries. Therefore, educators are continually facing the task of improving the theoretical and methodological base of teaching students to be autonomous in their studies. It has been substantiated that, in view of the principle of continuity in science, introducing any innovations into the learning process in linguistic self-education should be preceded by the profound studying of the pedagogically valuable theoretical and practical experience, gained by the previous generations of researchers. Thus, the retrospective analysis of basic historical milestones of evolving the phenomenon “linguistic self-education” has been conducted and its results have been presented in this work.

scholarly journals Formation of Information Culture of Students as an Integral Component of Educational Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
E. Nurkulova ◽  
M. Nurkulova
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Education Of Students

In the modern developing knowledge society, the role and importance of information is expanding more and more, information is becoming a key factor in the development of human civilization. Under these conditions, an important place in the structure of the personality belongs to its information culture, which involves the possession of information sources, the ability to search for it and its active use in life processes. An important role in the mastery of information culture by young people belongs to universities and university libraries. The article shows the relevance of the problem, the importance of these factors in the formation of the information culture of young generations during the period of higher education, when the formation of the entire culture of the personality as a whole is in progress. The content of the concept of information culture is revealed, the current state of the formation of information culture in universities of Kyrgyzstan is briefly characterized, the role of university libraries in the education of students’ information culture is determined.

scholarly journals On the question of the need to determine the place and role of the head of the territorial body of internal affairs in the process of operational search activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Svinov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Search Activity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

The study of the problems of the theory and practice of the functioning of the head of the territorial body of internal affairs, the definition of his role in the process of operational-search activities is a key factor in the process of organizing operational-search activities. Within the framework of this article, the author points out the shortcomings of the legal framework and the lack of knowledge of the ways of coordinating operational and investigative activities that directly affect the deterrence of crime. In addition, there is a lack of efficiency in the exercise of their powers by the heads of operational-search activity bodies, including the inconsistency of its organization and functioning with the trends in the development of society.

scholarly journals ROLE OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN MUSEUM EXPOSITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Olga S. Lobanova ◽  
Tatiana S. Makarova ◽  
Tamara A. Glazyrina
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Regional Institute

The article is an attempt to reconsider the theoretical postulates related to multimedia in museum business through the prism of the exhibition experiences gained by the Ural Regional Institute of Museum Projects. The main issues raised in the article are the classification of digital technologies, their interaction with other elements of the exposition, the potential of using IT-technologies in museum space. The staff of the Institute review their mistakes made in project work, combining theory and practice. The most serious shortcomings in the creation of exhibitions with multimedia technologies are considered to be visual disharmony against the general design of the museum space, lack of multimedia technology unity and disengagement of digital technologies from the scientific concept. Consideration is also given to the current state of museum business in the current context of overall digitalization.

scholarly journals НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ БУДУЩЕГО УЧИТЕЛЯ МУЗЫКИ

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6(60)) ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
ТАТЬЯНА ФЁДОРОВНА ФУРСЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Development Of Students

The article shows the role of the teacher in the development of students' research activities by combining theory with practice, since a future music teacher, along with a personal and creative position and pedagogical skill, should have competencies in assessing the ideas and approaches put forward by modern theory and practice of education. In professional training, this task can be successfully implemented when the student performs elements of research activities. In this context, it seems relevant to identify the features of research activities and its role in the formation of the personality of a future music teacher.

Postmortem Analysis of Baget RTOS Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
V. A. Galatenko ◽  
◽  
K. A. Kostyukhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rigorous Testing ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Time Systems ◽  
Further Development

Despite the best efforts of programmers to create high-quality software, some errors inevitably escape even the most rigorous testing process and are first encountered by end users of the software. When this happens, developers need to quickly understand the reasons for the errors that occurred and eliminate them. Back in 1951, at the dawn of modern computing, Stanley Gill wrote that special attention should be paid to those errors that occur after the program is started, and lead to its termination. Gill is considered the founder of the so-called postmortem debugging, when a program or system is modified to record its state at the time of failure, so that the programmer can later understand what happened and why such a situation occurred. Since then, postmortem debugging technology has been used in many different systems, including all major general-purpose operating systems (OS), as well as specialized OS such as embedded systems and real-time systems. To ensure the high level of reliability expected from such critical systems, it is necessary, on the one hand, to implement the possibility of rapid recovery of the system or its part after a failure. On the other hand, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for storing as much information as possible after each failure, so that the cause of its occurrence can be determined later. To understand the real potential of postmortem debugging tools, we will first consider the current state of debugging methods and the role of postmortem analysis tools, as well as the requirements for postmortem debugging tools for critical systems. Next, we will describe the mechanism of postmortem debugging implemented by the authors in the RTOS Baget and formulate tasks for further development.

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RESEARCH OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

10.12737/2399 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Дроздова ◽  
Ekaterina Drozdova ◽  
Палагутина ◽  
N. Palagutina ◽  
Воробьев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Component ◽  
A Current

In the course of creation of the corporate culture focused on the consumer, a key role play understanding and acceptance by all employees of the principles put in a basis of activity of the company. Therefore, success of the organization rendering services, in the competitive market substantially depends on organizational culture. It also defines relevance of the matter. In article the analysis of a current state of researches of organizational culture is provided in Russia and abroad, and also results of carried-out diagnostics of organizational culture of one of divisions of Sberbank of Russia. The theoretical value and the practical importance of the conducted research consists in identification of a role of organizational culture in formation of those models of behavior of employees which are the main component of quality of service and are highly appreciated by consumers.

External Review of Constitutional Amendments? International Law as a Norm of Reference

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Garlicki ◽  
Zofia A. Garlicka
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
External Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Final Observation

This article is built around three general observations. The first is that, in the current stage of the development of constitutional theory and practice, there is a need to create procedures allowing the review of constitutional amendments. The second is that traditional mechanisms, in particular the “internal” review of constitutionality of constitutional amendments, may not always be able to provide sufficient protection against amendments that run counter to the existing constitutional structure. The final observation is that, in the current state of globalization, international law—in particular international human rights law—may play a significant role in an “external” assessment of the legitimacy of constitutional amendments. This role of international law is particularly well developed in Europe, and most of our conclusions therefore focus on the European perspective. Given the universal nature of human rights, however, at least some of these conclusions may also be validfor other regions of the world.

scholarly journals WAY SEARCH TO RESEARCH: FROM ACADEMIC EXERCISES IN ARCHITECTURE TO SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS INTO ACTUAL PROBLEMS / KELIAS Į MOKSLO TYRIMŲ ERDVĘ ARCHITEKTŪROJE: NUO AKADEMINIŲ EKSPERIMENTŲ IKI AKTUALIŲ PROBLEMŲ TYRIMŲ

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Gintaras Stauskis ◽  
Frank Eckardt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Doctoral Programmes ◽  
Architectural Research ◽  
Regional Processes

An interest in doctoral studies reflects the overall status of the scientist in the country in general and the role of science in the architect profession in particular. The article analyses the basic channels of how the students of architecture search for and find the ways to transfer themselves from the study area into an academic research environment. In order to figure out general trends and to outline the differences and similarities of doctoral studies that could further facilitate cooperation, the paper presents the thematic outputs of doctoral programmes in architecture schools in Vilnius, Riga, Venice, Jelgava and Weimar. With reference to the example of the Faculty of Architecture, VGTU, the trends towards developing research activities are analysed taking into account three interconnected branches of architecture: urban design, building architecture and landscape architecture. The cooperation and coordination of academic and research activities in wider European space is taking place upon common interest based on the specificities of each school and priorities of the chosen region. The awareness of global and regional processes in architectural research is an important point for the present and coming generations of researchers in Europe as they are building their careers on the basis of investigation into the options of the local applications of global competences in a cross-professional and inter-disciplinary way. Santrauka Straipsnio autoriai nagrinėja, kaip studentai iš akademinių studijų atranda kelius į tyrimų erdvę. Remiantis kelių Europos mokyklų patirtimi ir jų pateiktais duomenimis analizuojama magistrantų ir doktarantų skaičiaus kaita, priklausomai nuo bendro urbanistikos, kraštovaizdžio ir pastatų architektūros specialybes studijuojančiųjų skaičiaus. Nors skirtingų mokyklų rodikliai ir skiriasi, aiškėja, kad mokyklos, kuriose yra didesnis studijuojančiųjų skaičius, geriau suformuoja akademinius srautus, turi daugiau studentų antrosios ir trečiosios pakopų studijose ir pasiekia geresnių doktorantūros rezultatų. Autorių nuomone, intensyvesnis architektus rengiančių Europos mokyklų ir pačių tyrėjų bendradarbiavimas yra viena iš svarbiausių priemonių, leidžiančių pasiekti geresnių rezultatų. Jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos, tokios kaip VGTU Architektūros fakulteto kasmet organizuojama jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencija „K. Šešelgio skaitymai“, ir ta proga išleidžiamas mokslo žurnalo „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ numeris sudaro puikias sąlygas doktorantams ir kitiems tyrėjams bendrauti ir keistis akademiniais laimėjimais.

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