CEPHALOCAUDAL VARIATIONS IN THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIAMETERS OF THE PEDICLES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE IN THE TURKISH POPULATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Tunç Cevat Öğün ◽  
Mehmet Erkan Üstün ◽  
Mustafa Büyükmumcu
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Transpedicular Screw ◽  
Racial Variations ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Racial morphometric differences in the pedicular structure of the vertebrae must be taken into account when using international transpedicular screw systems. In this study, we tried to figure out the differences, if any, in the size of the pedicles in a sample of the Turkish population. Methods: The horizontal and vertical diameters of the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae were measured from the standardized anteroposterior radiographs of the lumbar spine in 100 subjects, aged from 20 to 40 years. Results: The mean horizontal width of the pedicles in our sample of the Turkish population was smaller than the subjects in other studies. The vertical diameter did not differ widely. There was a cephalocaudal increase in the horizontal diameters in both sexes. The vertical diameters did not increase. Significant differences between the pedicle diameters of the males and the females were noted at L2, L3 and L4 levels. No significant age-related variations were observed. Conclusion: Awareness of the racial variations in the size of the pedicles is very important when using international transpedicular screw systems. Preoperative determination of especially the horizontal diameter of the pedicles to be used for screw implantation from standardized anteroposterior X-rays is the easiest way.

scholarly journals BMD status of Postmenopausal Women in relation with BMI: A study with 93 cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Samira Sharmin ◽  
Mabubul Haque ◽  
Syedur Rahman Miah ◽  
Md Mahbub Ur Rahman ◽  
Jasmine Ara Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Score ◽  
Minimal Trauma ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Low bone mass is a common disorder in elderly population which predisposes to fracture with minimal trauma. This study was performed to find out the association between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Comilla and Mitford, Dhaka over a period of 12 months from January 2013 to December 2013. A total 93 postmenopausal women were enrolled for this study. All postmenopausal women underwent a BMD scan of femoral neck and lumbar vertebrae using a Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Participants were categorized into three groups according to their age and BMI. BMD were expressed base on T-score according to WHO criteria. The relation among BMI, age and BMD were assessed.Results: The results of this study showed that the mean age of the study group was 57.13±7.49 years with range of 46 to 75 years. The most postmenopausal women were in age group 55-65years. The mean BMI of the study subjects were 24.18±5.08 kg/m2 with a range of 15.62 to 36.20 kg/m2. Among 93 subjects osteopenia was greater at lumbar spine (45.2%) with T-score mean±SD-1.83±0.33 and osteoporosis at femoral neck (51.6%) with T-score mean ±SD-3.36±-0.67. Pearson’s correlation coefficient test showed inverse relationship between age and BMD both lumbar spine (r = -0.301, p = 0.003) and femoral neck (r = -0.303, p=0.003) whereas the positive relation between BMI and BMD both at lumbar spine (r=0.338, p=0.001) and femoral neck (r =0.343, p=0.001). These showed that with advancing age, BMD decreases and the risk of osteoporosis increases and with increasing BMI, BMD increases and risk of osteoporosis decreases.Conclusion: The findings of this study portrait that aging and low BMI are risk factors associated with bone loss. So preventive measure should be taken for high risk post menopausal women.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 17(2): 138-141, July 2014

scholarly journals A Morphometric Study of Lumbar Spine Pedicles in Nepalese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Rudra Prasad Marasini ◽  
Pratiksha Gautam ◽  
Binod Sherchan ◽  
Ganesh Gurung ◽  
Bachchu Ram K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Individual

Background and Objective: In this observational study, morphometric data were obtained and analyzed by taking plain x-rays in various age groups to establish the morphometric values in Nepalese population.Methods: All the pedicle dimensions were measured by taking plain x-ray AP (Antero-posterior) and Lateral view of the lumbar spine in 246 Nepalese of different age groups. Pedicle diameters (Vertical and Horizontal) and interpedicular distance were measured in AP radiographs and sagittal angle was measured in the lateral radiographs. Differences between mean dimensions of pedicles of male and female of various age groups were tested by using ANOVA, independent t-test was used to test the individual mean dimensions.Results: Mean values of the pedicle dimensions were found as: Horizontal diameter (L1=7.17mm, L2=7.26mm, L3= 9.50mm, L4= 10.57mm and L5=11.3mm), Vertical diameter (L1= 15.00mm, L2=15.28mm, L3=15.21mm, L4=13.44mm and L5= 12.59mm), Interpedicular distance (L1= 25.54mm, L2 =27.03mm, L3 = 27.70mm, L4 =28.62mm and L5= 31.29mm) and the sagittal angle (L1=17.83degree, L2=15.7degree, L3= 15.91degree, L4=13.94degree, and L5=12.97degree) respectively.Conclusions: Values of pedicle dimensions found in Nepalese population by this study can be guidelines for the transpedicular procedure and for further research activities.JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):12-17

Bone Age in Children with Minimal Brain Dysfunction

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Oettinger ◽  
Lawrence V. Majovski ◽  
George A. Limbeck ◽  
Ronald Gauch
Keyword(s):  
Bone Age ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Minimal Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Left Wrist ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

53 children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction by the criteria of Clements had X-rays of their left wrist and hand for the determination of bone age. All X-rays were read independently by three physicians skilled in radiology. The films were read blind, that is, sex and case numbers but not age were available. The degree of inter-rater reliability was very high ( r = 0.87). Bone age for the minimal brain dysfunction group was significantly retarded ( p < 0.01) compared with the standard group's norms. Bone ages of more than 2 SD below the mean occurred in 10 children, while only one child showed a bone age of more than 2 SD above the mean. Two-thirds of the children in the minimal brain dysfunction group fell below the mean of the standard norms. No correlation was found between bone age and thyroid level. These findings suggest that children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction may be physiologically retarded in their bone age, although marked individual variations remain. The concept of physiological immaturity should be considered by professionals in the education and social planning for the child with minimal brain dysfunction.

scholarly journals Determination of Indicators of Mineral Bone Density in Patients with Fibrous Changes in Liver Parenchema

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
V. M. Zhdan ◽  
◽  
I. V. Ivanytskyi ◽  
Ju. A. Ishejkina
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the development of osteoporotic changes in bones in patients with liver fibrosis against the background of non-alcoholic steatohepatosis. Materials and methods. 79 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatosis and liver fibrosis were examined. 38 surveyed persons were women, 41 were men. The average age of the patients was 42.5±5.8 years. All patients were excluded from comorbidities for inclusion in the study. For female patients, it was imperative to maintain menstrual function. The degree of liver fibrosis was established based on 2D shear wave elastometry in SWE mode. The patients included to study have liver fibrosis F1 - F3 according to METAVIR. Determination of bone mineral density was performed using a DEXXUM T X-ray densitometer by dual energy absorptiometry. Results and discussion. In patients with fibrotic changes in the liver, a decrease in bone mineral density was found in 49.3%. Osteopenia and osteoporosis in women occurred in 47.4%, which was significantly more frequent than among men – 26.8%, p = 0.014. There was a significant relationship between the duration of the presence of steatohepatosis and the incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia: among patients with a duration of steatohepatosis of less than 7 years, a decrease in bone mineral density was noted in 62.5% of cases, and with a duration of more than 7 years – already in 89.3% of patients (χ2 = 5.5; p = 0.011). Among patients with liver fibrosis F3 METAVIR, a decrease in bone mineral density was observed in 85.7%. Among patients with liver fibrosis F1-2 METAVIR, osteoporosis and osteopenia were found in 46% (p = 0.0008). In patients with METAVIR F3 fibrosis, osteoporotic changes were observed in 85.2% of cases. An isolated decrease in the mineral density of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 12 (30.7% of patients with a decrease in bone mineral density). In 9 patients (23%), there was a combination of a decrease in mineral density of the spine with a decrease in mineral density of the hip, the mean T score of the vertebrae was -2.5±0.2, the mean T score of the femoral neck was 2.1±0.3. In patients with F1-F2 fibrosis METAVIR, bone mineral density decreased mainly to the level of osteopenia, isolated osteopenia of the lumbar spine was diagnosed in 18 (46%) patients, there was no decrease in hip mineral density in this group of patients, the mean criterion of T vertebrae was 1.5±0.15. Conclusion. Patients with steatohepatosis and hepatic fibrosis are characterized by a high prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. The risk of developing this complication is higher in patients with fibrosis stages F3 METAVIR; the decrease in bone mineral density in patients with steatohepatosis and liver fibrosis is influenced not only by population risk factors, but also by the duration of the presence of steatohepatosis; the severity of liver fibrosis METAVIR affects the localization of changes in the bone tissue. In patients with degrees of fibrosis F1 - F2, trabecular bone tissue is affected, and in patients with degrees of fibrosis F3, trabecular and cortical bone tissue is equally affected

The effect of ulnar variance on scapholunate and capitolunate angles

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1358-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Tosun ◽  
Atilla Hikmet Çilengir ◽  
Berna Dirim Mete ◽  
Muhsin Engin Uluc ◽  
Orhan Oyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turkish Population ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Ulnar Variance ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Segmental Instability ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Background Ulnar variance (UV), which is measured using anteroposterior (AP) X-rays, is associated with the development of multiple wrist pathologies. The scapholunate angle (SLA) and capitolunate angle (CLA) are measured using lateral X-rays, and these can be used in the diagnosis of intercalated segmental instability. Purpose To determine the effect of UV on SLA and CLA. Material and Methods A total of 140 patients (73 women, 67 men; mean age, 37.8 ± 14.6 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 35.4–40.3) were included in the study. Participants were excluded if they presented with fractures or malunions, any arthritic conditions, avascular necrosis, congenital deformities, or bone and soft tissue tumors. UV, SLA, and CLA were measured using AP and lateral wrist X-rays. Results Patients were grouped as positive, neutral, and negative UV. There was no statistically significant difference in mean ages, sex, and sides (left or right) between the UV groups ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of SLA and CLA between the UV groups ( P > 0.05). UV showed no statistically significant association with SLA and CLA (r = –0.064; P = 0.455, and r = 0.059; P = 0.485, respectively). However, there was a statistically significant association between SLA and CLA (r = –0.482; P < 0.001). Conclusion There is higher prevalence of neutral UV and no correlation between UV with respect to age and sex of patients in the local Turkish population. SLA and CLA are not affected by UV. There is a negative correlation between SLA and CLA.

scholarly journals OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
ABDELNASSER IBRAHIM ◽  
SOHAYLA M ATTALLA ◽  
ASPALILAH ALIAS ◽  
MOHAMED SWARHIB ◽  
SITI NOORAIN ABU BAKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries. Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF. Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries. Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.

scholarly journals OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnasser Ibrahim ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Aspalilah Alias ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib ◽  
Siti Noorain Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries.Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF.Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries.Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.

scholarly journals Impact of degenerative radiographic abnormalities and vertebral fractures on spinal bone density of women with osteoporosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Costa Paiva ◽  
Silvana Filardi ◽  
Aarão Mendes Pinto-Neto ◽  
Adil Samara ◽  
João Francisco Marques Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean

CONTEXT: Measurements of bone density taken by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry are the most accurate procedure for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This procedure has the disadvantage of measuring the density of all mineral components, including osteophytes, vascular and extra vertebral calcifications. These alterations can influence bone density results and densitometry interpretation. OBJECTIVE: To correlate radiography and densitometry findings from women with osteoporosis, analyzing the influence of degenerative processes and vertebral fractures on the evaluation of bone density. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Osteoporosis outpatients' clinic at Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-six postmenopausal women presenting osteoporosis diagnosed by bone density. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured by the technique of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, using a LUNAR-DPX densitometer. Fractures, osteophytes and aortic calcifications were evaluated by simple x-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. RESULTS: The x-rays confirmed vertebral fractures in 41.6%, osteophytes in 33.3% and calcifications of the aorta in 30.2%. The prevalence of fractures and aortic calcifications increased with age. The mean bone mineral density was 0.783g/cm² and the mean T-score was --3.47 DP. Neither fractures nor aortic calcifications had significant influence on bone mineral density (P = 0.36 and P = 0.09, respectively), despite the fractured vertebrae having greater bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Patients with lumbar spine osteophytes showed greater bone mineral density (P = 0.04). Osteophytosis was associated with lumbar spine bone mineral density after adjustment for fractures and aortic calcifications by multiple regression (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Osteophytes and lumbar spine fractures can overestimate bone density interpretation. The interpretation of densitometry results should be carried out together with the interpretation of a simple lumbar spine x-ray in elderly women.

scholarly journals Use of the Airo mobile intraoperative CT system versus the O-arm for transpedicular screw fixation in the thoracic and lumbar spine: a retrospective cohort study of 263 patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Scarone ◽  
Gabriele Vincenzo ◽  
Daniela Distefano ◽  
Filippo Del Grande ◽  
Alessandro Cianfoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Transpedicular Screw ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thoracic And Lumbar Spine ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transpedicular Screw Fixation ◽  
Mobile Ct

OBJECTIVENavigation-enabling technology such as 3D-platform (O-arm) or intraoperative mobile CT (iCT-Airo) systems for use in spinal surgery has considerably improved accuracy over that of traditional fluoroscopy-guided techniques during pedicular screw positioning. In this study, the authors compared 2 intraoperative imaging systems with navigation, available in their neurosurgical unit, in terms of the accuracy they provided for transpedicular screw fixation in the thoracic and lumbar spine.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and surgical data of 263 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic and lumbar spine screw placement in the same center. Data on 97 patients who underwent surgery with iCT-Airo navigation (iCT-Airo group) and 166 with O-arm navigation (O-arm group) were analyzed. Most patients underwent surgery for a degenerative or traumatic condition that involved thoracic and lumbar pedicle screw fixation using an open or percutaneous technique. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with at least 1 screw not correctly positioned according to the last intraoperative image. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of screws that were repositioned during surgery, the proportion of patients with a postoperative complication related to screw malposition, surgical time, and radiation exposure. A blinded radiologist graded screw positions in the last intraoperative image according to the Heary classification (grade 1–3 screws were considered correctly placed).RESULTSA total of 1361 screws placed in 97 patients in the iCT-Airo group (503 screws) and in 166 in the O-arm group (858 screws) were graded. Of those screws, 3 (0.6%) in the iCT-Airo group and 4 (0.5%) in the O-arm group were misplaced. No statistically significant difference in final accuracy between these 2 groups or in the subpopulation of patients who underwent percutaneous surgery was found. Three patients in the iCT-Airo group (3.1%, 95% CI 0%–6.9%) and 3 in the O-arm group (1.8%, 95% CI 0%–4.0%) had a misplaced screw (Heary grade 4 or 5). Seven (1.4%) screws in the iCT-Airo group and 37 (4.3%) in the O-arm group were repositioned intraoperatively (p = 0.003). One patient in the iCT-Airo group and 2 in the O-arm group experienced postoperative neurological deficits related to hardware malposition. The mean surgical times in both groups were similar (276 [iCT-Airo] and 279 [O-arm] minutes). The mean exposure to radiation in the iCT-Airo group was significantly lower than that in the O-arm group (15.82 vs 19.12 mSv, respectively; p = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSIntroduction of a mobile CT scanner reduced the rate of screw repositioning, which enhanced patient safety and diminished radiation exposure for patients, but it did not improve overall accuracy compared to that of a mobile 3D platform.

scholarly journals Dynamic Stabilisation in the Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease with Modic Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay Eser ◽  
Cengiz Gomleksiz ◽  
Mehdi Sasani ◽  
Tunc Oktenoglu ◽  
Ahmet Levent Aydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Degenerative Disc Disease ◽  
Dynamic Stabilization ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Disc Disease ◽  
Degenerative Disc ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Posterior Dynamic Stabilization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Segmental Lordosis

Objective. Posterior dynamic stabilization is an effective alternative to fusion in the treatment of chronic instability and degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the lumbar spine. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of dynamic stabilization in chronic degenerative disc disease with Modic types 1 and 2. Modic types 1 and 2 degeneration can be painful. Classic approach in such cases is spine fusion. We operated 88 DDD patients with Modic types 1 and 2 via posterior dynamic stabilization. Good results were obtained after 2 years of followup.Methods. A total of 88 DDD patients with Modic types 1 and 2 were selected for this study. The patients were included in the study between 2004 and 2010. All of them were examined with lumbar anteroposterior (AP) and lateral X-rays. Lordosis of the lumbar spine, segmental lordosis, and ratio of the height of the intervertebral disc spaces (IVSs) were measured preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis was carried out, and according to the data obtained, the grade of disc degeneration was classified. The quality of life and pain scores were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Appropriate statistical method was chosen.Results. The mean 3- and 12-month postoperative IVS ratio was significantly greater than that of the preoperative group (P<0.001). However, the mean 1 and 2 postoperative IVS ratio was not significantly different (P>0.05). Furthermore, the mean preoperative and 1 and 2 postoperative angles of lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis were not significantly different (P>0.05). The mean VAS score and ODI, 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery, decreased significantly, when compared with the preoperative scores in the groups (P=0.000).Conclusion. Dynamic stabilization in chronic degenerative disc disease with Modic types 1 and 2 was effective.

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