scholarly journals OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
ABDELNASSER IBRAHIM ◽  
SOHAYLA M ATTALLA ◽  
ASPALILAH ALIAS ◽  
MOHAMED SWARHIB ◽  
SITI NOORAIN ABU BAKAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries. Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF. Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries. Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.

scholarly journals OSTEOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SUPRAORBITAL FORAMEN AND NOTCH IN MALAYSIAN CRANIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelnasser Ibrahim ◽  
Sohayla M Attalla ◽  
Aspalilah Alias ◽  
Mohamed Swarhib ◽  
Siti Noorain Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Supraorbital Foramen

Objective: A clear knowledge of the location of supraorbital foramen (SOF) is vital for the surgeons, particularly in endoscopic surgery and regional block in crania. The aim of this study was to analyze SOF and notch in skulls of various ancestries.Methods: The anatomical variations of SOF and notch were examined in 100 adults skulls (55 males and 45 females) of the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ancestries by traditional measurement made with the Osirix software. The parameters included distance between supraorbital structure and nasal midline, shape, and transverse diameter of the SOF.Results: It was manifested that bilateral supraorbital notch (SON) was the most prevalent combination in both sexes and ancestries (61%), while combined SON and foramen (11%) were the least prevalent characteristic. The mean distances of supraorbital structure from nasal midline bilaterally in males were slightly greater than females. The horizontal diameter of SOF, notch and their distances from the nasal midline showed no difference between ancestries.Conclusion: This study would serve as a guide for the surgeons when surgery is performed on the scalp. It can help in the precise determination of reference points for supraorbital nerve blockade for the Malaysians. In addition, the variations exhibited in supraorbital measurements inevitably revealed that sex and ancestry should be taken into consideration when choosing samples for anatomical classification of crania.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DRY HUMAN SKULL AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krati Bhardwaj ◽  
Chandrakala Agarwal ◽  
Dhiraj Saxena ◽  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Skull Bones

Background: The present study was conducted for analysis of the morphometry shape and determination of sex by foramen Magnum. Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 dried human skull of unknown age and sex were slected for present study from the Department of anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. In case of skull bones, all 30 cranial bases were visually assessed for FM shape classification. Each FM shape was classified into one of the 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, combination of 2 different semicircles and irregular. Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 37.17±1.76 mm  and 33.92±3.50 mm respectively.The mean transverse diameter of foramen mgnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 29.49±2.68 mm and 29.38±2.47 mm respectively.The mean area of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 818.05±119.66 mm² and   847.57±105.85 mm² respectively.The mean index of foramen magnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 84.00±5.41 and 80.27±5.79 respectively.Overall skull bones showed a medium type of foramen magnum index . Conclusion: We concluded that the several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of foramen magnum should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etc Keywords: Skull, foramen magnum, skull.

Morphology of Spring Ligament Fibrocartilage Complex Lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Domzalski ◽  
Adam Kwapisz ◽  
Sebastian Zabierek
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Spring Ligament ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Time From Injury ◽  
Complex Lesions

Background: The spring ligament fibrocartilage complex (SLFC) is an important static foot stabilizer comprising the superomedial ligament (SML) and the inferior ligament, with anatomical variations (third ligament). The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of the lesions found during SLFC surgery, to allow direct comparison between the results with various surgical techniques. Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients with SLFC lesions were analyzed during surgical treatment. The mean patient age was 37.3 years, and the mean time from injury was 6.9 months. Intraoperative assessments and anatomical descriptions of the lesions were collected. Results: Three types of lesion were found. In 13 of 14 cases, only the superomedial ligament was involved: five superomedial ligament distentions and eight superomedial ligament ruptures. In one case, total SLFC (superomedial and inferior ligaments) rupture was observed. Conclusions: The first classification of SLFC lesions is presented, which is simple, consistent, and based on anatomical description.

scholarly journals A QUANTITATIVE MODEL FOR NONRANDOM GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION, APPLIED TO THE PHAGE P22–SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM SYSTEM

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-657
Author(s):  
W Mandecki ◽  
K Krajewska-Grynkiewicz ◽  
T Klopotowski
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Phage P22 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
Generalized Transduction

ABSTRACT A mathematical model for nonrandom generalized transduction is proposed and analyzed. The model takes into account the finite number of transducing particle classes for any given marker. The equations for estimation of the distance between markers from cotransduction frequency data are derived and standard errors of the estimates are given. The obtained relationships depend significantly on the number of classes of transducing fragments. The model was applied to estimate the number of transducing fragment classes for a given marker in transduction with phage P22 of Salmonella typhimurium. It was found that the literature data on frequencies of cotransduction in crosses with mutual substitution of selective and nonselective markers can be rationalized most accurately by assuming that the mean number of classes is equal to 2. An improved method for analysis of cotransduction data is proposed on the basis of our model and the results of calculation. The method relies on solving a set of algebraic equations for cotransduction frequencies of markers located within one phage length. The method allows a relatively precise determination of distances between markers, positions of transducing particle ends and deletion or insertion lengths. The approach is applied to the trp-cysB-pyrF and aroC-hisT-purF-dhuA regions of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome.

scholarly journals Cycloplegic Effects on the Cylindrical Components of the Refraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Athar Zareei ◽  
Milad Abdolahian ◽  
Shahram Bamdad
Keyword(s):  
Precise Determination ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

It is important to predict which astigmatic patients require separate refraction for near vision. This study compared cylindrical components changes by cyclopentolate 1% for the low and high amount of astigmatism. The right eyes of 1014 healthy individuals (307 males and 707 females) with cylindrical refractive power more than −0.5 diopter on autorefractometer were selected. Both male and female patients in the age range of 17–45 years were refracted before and after cycloplegia, using 1% cyclopentolate. All volunteers were classified into 2 subgroups including the lower astigmatism group (−2.25 to −0.50) and the higher astigmatic group (−2.50 to over). Alpines’ method was used to compare the effect of cycloplegic drop on cylindrical power. The mean age in the lower astigmatism group (29.58; 95% CI: 29.18 to 29.99 years) was not significantly different from the higher astigmatic group (29.85; 95% CI: 29.07 to 30.62) and there were no significant differences in gender between these two groups ( P = 0.54 ). Differences between wet and dry refraction in J0 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.008) and J45 (−0.03; 95% CI:−0.06 to −0.01) were significant only in the higher astigmatic group. Axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the lower astigmatism group were 3.51 (CI: 3.22 to 3.81) and axis changes by the cycloplegic drop in the higher astigmatism group were 2.21 (CI: 1.73 to 2.49). In patients with a lower amount of astigmatism (−2.25 to −0.50), additional near subjective refraction could be done for precise determination of axis and in patients with a higher amount of astigmatism (−2.50 to over), near subjective refraction might be done for precise determination of power.

scholarly journals Morphology and morphometry of infra orbital foramen in South Indian adult dry skulls

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Vishal K. ◽  
Vinay K V. ◽  
Johncy I P.
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Orbital Margin ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

Abstract Background: The infra orbital foramen (IOF) situated below infra-orbital margin (IOM) transmits infra­orbital nerve and infra- orbital vessels. The knowledge of the dimension, shape and direction of the IOF has important implications in various surgical and anaesthetic procedures. This will avoid iatrogenic injury to neurovascular bundle emerging from the IOF. Material and methods: Sixty adult dry skulls of unknown sex from the Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine were used. IOF on both sides of skulls were assessed for the shape and direction by inspection. The vertical and horizontal diameter of the IOF was measured using a digital Vernier caliper to the nearest millimeters and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: The shape of the IOF was vertically oval in majority of the skulls (37.5%) and was semi lunar shaped in 10.83% of the skull. The IOF was directed infero­medially in about 52.5% of the cases and was directed medially in 6.67% of the cases. The mean transverse diameter was 2.96mm and the mean vertical diameter was 3.7mm. All the above results were compared with studies of previous workers. Conclusion: The present study confirms that there is racial as well as regional variation in the shape and dimensions of IOF, thus emphasizing the need to have morphometric data for South Indian population.

CEPHALOCAUDAL VARIATIONS IN THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DIAMETERS OF THE PEDICLES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE IN THE TURKISH POPULATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Tunç Cevat Öğün ◽  
Mehmet Erkan Üstün ◽  
Mustafa Büyükmumcu
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Transpedicular Screw ◽  
Racial Variations ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Racial morphometric differences in the pedicular structure of the vertebrae must be taken into account when using international transpedicular screw systems. In this study, we tried to figure out the differences, if any, in the size of the pedicles in a sample of the Turkish population. Methods: The horizontal and vertical diameters of the pedicles of the lumbar vertebrae were measured from the standardized anteroposterior radiographs of the lumbar spine in 100 subjects, aged from 20 to 40 years. Results: The mean horizontal width of the pedicles in our sample of the Turkish population was smaller than the subjects in other studies. The vertical diameter did not differ widely. There was a cephalocaudal increase in the horizontal diameters in both sexes. The vertical diameters did not increase. Significant differences between the pedicle diameters of the males and the females were noted at L2, L3 and L4 levels. No significant age-related variations were observed. Conclusion: Awareness of the racial variations in the size of the pedicles is very important when using international transpedicular screw systems. Preoperative determination of especially the horizontal diameter of the pedicles to be used for screw implantation from standardized anteroposterior X-rays is the easiest way.

Intraocular leucocyte subpopulations analysis by multiparametric flow cytometry in human uveitis

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2019-315511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Carreño ◽  
Cristina Serrano ◽  
Nelida Muñoz ◽  
Fredeswinda Romero-Bueno ◽  
Olga Sánchez Pernaute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Multiparametric Flow Cytometry ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
Infectious Uveitis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the cellular infiltrate in aqueous and vitreous samples of patients with uveitis analysed by multiparametric flow cytometry.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of aqueous and vitreous samples analysed by flow cytometry for diagnostic purposes, in cases of masquerade syndromes and infectious and non-infectious uveitis. Data collected included demographics, anatomical classification of uveitis, phenotypic diagnosis, anterior chamber cells grading, vitreous haze and time of follow-up since presentation to sample obtained.ResultsThirty-one samples (17 aqueous and 14 vitreous fluids) from 31 patients, 18 men, were analysed. The mean age at the time of sample collection was 60.23±17.03 years. The most frequent anatomical classification was panuveitis (14 of 31). T cells accounted for the main cellular component in the majority of the samples (10 of 13 aqueous samples; 7 of 14 in vitreous samples). CD4:CD8 ratios ranged from 0.21 to 16.3 in the case of aqueous samples and from 0.5 to 9.7 in the case of vitreous samples.DiscussionFlow cytometry analysis of aqueous and vitreous samples from patients with uveitis could provide insight into the pathogenesis of human uveitis and help develop accurate animal models which better mimic human disease.

scholarly journals Determination of Freeway Space in Completely Edentulous Patients Using Lateral Profile Photographs—In Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-009
Author(s):  
Monika Dagdiya ◽  
Ashok Pakhan ◽  
Surekha Dubey ◽  
Seema Sathe ◽  
Manish Dagdiya
Keyword(s):  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Lateral Profile

Abstract Objective This study aims to determine the freeway space (FWS) using lateral profile photograph (LPP) as an adjunct in completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods In this study, 30 patients in the age group of 45 to 60 years who met with the criteria were included. LPPs were taken for all participants using standard protocol and a duplicate copy was obtained, on which three soft tissue reference points—porion (Stp), gnathion (Stgn), and gonion (Stg)—were marked and joined to form an angle Stp-Stg-Stgn. This angle was correlated with the mean FWS obtained using swallowing. Simple linear regression model was used to develop a prediction formula for FWS using Stp-Stg-Stgn angle as the independent variable. Result This study shows that the angle Stp-Stg-Stgn had a significant negative correlation with FWS.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Analysis of the Ethmoid Roof: A Region at Risk in Endoscopic Sinus Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Pra Urusopone
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Tomography Analysis

Objective: To determine the olfactory fossa depth according to the Keros classification and determine the incidence of asymmetry in height and configuration of the ethmoid roof. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 75 coronal computed tomography studies of paranasal sinuses and facial bones were performed. Measurement of the depth of the lateral lamella, classification of the depth according to Keros type and determination of the asymmetries in the ethmoid roof depth and configuration were done. Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella cribiform plate (LLCP) was 2.15+1.29 mm. The cases were classified as 87.33% Keros type1 and 12.67 % as Keros type 2. No Keros type 3 was found .There was asymmetry in the LLCP height of 33.33% of cases and a configuration asymmetry in 8% of the cases. No significant difference between the mean height and distribution of Keros type between gender and laterality were also found. Conclusion: As regards the olfactory fossa depth, the Keros type 1 was most frequently found. Asymmetry in the depth and configuration were detected in 33.33 and 8% respectively. Risk of inadvertent intracranial entry through the lateral lamella among Thai may be lower than other studies with majority of cases classified as Keros type 2 or 3.

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