EFFECT OF MOTOR IMAGERY TRAINING IN COMBINATION WITH ELECTROMYOGRAPHY-TRIGGERED ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN STROKE WITH HEMIPLEGIA PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (08) ◽  
pp. 1940062
Author(s):  
JI-SU PARK ◽  
JONG-BAE CHOI ◽  
GIHYOUN LEE ◽  
SANG-HOON LEE ◽  
YOUNGJIN JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

Recently, motor imagery training combined with electromyography-triggered electrical stimulation (MIT EMG-ES) has been reported as a remedial treatment for stroke patients. However, the clinical evidence of the effect is still lacking. To investigate the effect of MIT EMG-ES on lower extremities and activities of daily of living (ADL) in patients with stroke, the participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group ([Formula: see text]) or control group ([Formula: see text]). The experimental group underwent MIT EMG-ES, whereas the control group performed underwent motor imagery training. In addition, both groups received the same conventional rehabilitation therapy. All participants underwent treatment for 30[Formula: see text]min a day, 5 sessions per week, for 4 weeks. Lower extremities function was measured by the Fugl–Meyer Assessment Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test and 10 m Walk (10[Formula: see text]MW) test. ADL were measured by the Korea version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). The experimental group except for the FMA-LE group showed more improvement in TUG and 10[Formula: see text]MW test scores than the control group ([Formula: see text]). The effect size showed FMA-LE, TUG, and 10[Formula: see text]MW test (0.7, 1.0, 0.7, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in K-MBI ([Formula: see text]). Our findings suggest that MIT EMG-ES may be a novel treatment for lower extremities function in patients with stroke better than MIT alone.

scholarly journals The Influence of Teaching Vocabulary by Using Picture

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Hanik Nuzulimah
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Data Analysis Result ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

This paper attempts to explore whether there is significant difference of achievement in vocabulary between students taught by using pictures and those are not. The subject of this study is the first year students of SLTP Muhammadiyah Simo Susukan, Semarang where the sample contains 50 students that is divided into experimental group (with treatment) and control group (without treatment). The data is gathered from participants’ score obtained from pre test and post test. Using t test as technique of data analysis, result shows that students taught by using pictures perform better than those are not. It means that there is significant difference between the two groups. Keywords: Vocabulary Teaching; Picture

scholarly journals Modulation of the human immune status by spinal thermal massage: a non-randomized controlled study

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Thermal and massage therapies have long been used to control pain. Although spinal thermal massage (STM) has been used worldwide, its effectiveness has not been proven in a controlled clinical study. We here conducted a non-randomized controlled trial to assess the pain-relieving and immunomodulatory effects of STM in old-aged patients experiencing pain or disability. The experimental group was treated with STM five times a week for 8 weeks and rehabilitative regular care (RRC). The control group was treated with only RRC. Pain and immunological parameters were tested before treatment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The scores of three pain parameters were lowered by STM, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant at the two time points (p < 0.01). Quality of life determined using the 3-level EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire scores was significantly higher in patients in the experimental group than those in the control group. Effect sizes (ES) were in the range of medium to large in the pain-related measures (0.54–1.22). The total leukocyte counts and the proportions of lymphocytes and subsets were not significantly different between the groups, whereas the proportions of monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were higher in the experimental group than in the control group after 8 weeks (p < 0.05). The production of interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon γ in T cells was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the production of IL-2 was high in the control group. However, there was a significant increase in IFN-γ production by NK cells in the experimental group (at 4 weeks, p < 0.05). ES were medium in the immunological measures (0.53–0.68). No significant difference was observed in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, or IL-6 between the groups. In conclusion, STM treatment has a positive effect on subjective pain and quality of life. It also enhanced NK cell proportion and activity, suggesting that STM may be beneficial in the prevention of viral diseases and cancer in old-aged people.

scholarly journals Improving students’ reading comprehension achievement through question generation strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Meti Yulistia ◽  
Kiki Rizki Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Question Generation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Group Reading ◽  
Comprehension Tests ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

This study was aimed to find out whether or not there was a significant difference in reading comprehension achievement between students who were taught by using the Question Generation strategy and that of those who were not. In conducting the study, question generation strategy was used in the experimental group, but the control group did not get any treatment. Sixty students were assigned in two groups, with 30 students in the experimental group and the other 30 students in the control group. Reading comprehension tests was used in collecting the data. Data were analyzed using a t-test. The findings of the study showed that the question generation strategy could improve students’ reading achievement better than and those who were not. Therefore, the question generation strategy was helpful to aid students to understand the reading text

scholarly journals Clinical Observation of Huagai Pingchuan Decoction Combined with Seretide in the Treatment of Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong He
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

Objective: To study the clinical effect of the Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide in the treatment of asthma. Methods: 138 cases of asthma patients in our hospital were separated into the control group and the experimental group. The control group was given Seretide alone, while the experimental group was treated with Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide. Results: After treatment, the wheezing symptoms remission time of the experimental group was shorter than control group, the performance of serum inflammatory factors and lung function indexes were better than control group, P<0.05 with significant difference. Conclusion: Huagai Pingchuan decoction combined with Seretide is more effective in the treatment of asthma.

Baduanjin Qigong Improves Balance, Leg Strength, and Mobility in Individuals With Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110050
Author(s):  
Mandy Yuen ◽  
H. X. Ouyang ◽  
Tiev Miller ◽  
Marco Y. C. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Experimental Group

Background Effective and sustainable exercise training methods for improving balance poststroke are needed. Objective To evaluate the effect of Baduanjin Qigong for improving balance after stroke. Methods This was a single-blinded randomized controlled study in which only the assessor was blinded. Fifty-eight people with chronic stroke (mean age: 62.5 ± 11.8 years) were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 29) or control group (n = 29). The experimental group underwent 8 weeks of supervised Baduanjin training (3 sessions per week). This was followed by home-based practice of the same exercises 3 days a week for another 8 weeks. The control group underwent 2 sessions of supervised conventional fitness training in the first week, followed by home-based exercise practice 3 days a week until the end of week 16. All outcomes were measured at baseline, week 8, and week 16. Results Significantly greater improvements in the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), composite equilibrium score (Sensory Organization Test), 5 Times Sit to Stand, and Timed Up and Go test were detected at week 8 in the experimental group than in the control group ( P < .017). Further improvement in the Mini-BESTest was observed from week 8 to 16 in the experimental group ( P < .001). Other outcomes (Limit of Stability, Fall-Efficacy Scale, Modified Barthel Index, Stroke-Specific Quality of Life) showed no significant results. Conclusion Baduanjin is effective in improving balance, leg strength, and mobility and is a safe and sustainable form of home-based exercise for people with chronic stroke.

scholarly journals The Effect of Graphic Organizers on ELT Students’ Writing Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Erlik Widiyani Styati ◽  
Lulus Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Writing Quality ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

Graphic organizers are used in ELT classroom to help the students learn better. It refers to the way the students use graphic organizers in writing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of graphic organizers on ELT students’ writing quality. This study was a quasi-experimental research design. The experimental group was taught by using graphic organizers. The control group was administered by using conventional strategy. The participants of the research were the second semester students of English Department, in one of the private universities in Madiun. The data were analyzed by utilizing independent t-test and one-way ANOVA based on the level of significance at .05. The result of the study shows that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the students in the experimental and control groups. The students who are taught by using graphic organizers are better than the students who are taught using conventional strategy. The students in the experimental group perform better on writing quality in terms of content, vocabulary, and mechanics than those who do in the control group. It can be concluded that graphic organizers have a significant effect on ELT students’ writing quality. It is effective to be used in order to help the students write better. The students are successful in generating the ideas of writing and it can create a social community. We recommend for the future researchers to realize other various graphic organizer models into research.

scholarly journals The effect of planned training given to women with preeclamptic pregnancy on oxidative stress and anxiety levels: non-randomised controlled-study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
emel tasci ◽  
serdal ogut ◽  
mehmet özkaya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to studying the effects of planned training given to women with preeclamptic pregnancy on stress-anxiety and oxidative stress levels. A non-randomised controlled-study study, carried out in Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics of Research and Application Hospital of one university. In the study, 28 preeclamptic patients matching the sampling criteria were taken as the experimental group and 22 other preeclamptic patients who also match the sampling criteria constituted the control group. Questionnaire, scale application and laboratory evaluation for the control group were performed only once. In the experimental group, there is a statistically significant difference between the TAS (mmol trolox equ./L) (t = -9.71 P = 0.00) and the TOS (lmol H2O2 equ./L) (t = 6.56 P = 0.00) measurements before and after the training and there is a statistically significant difference between the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (t = 3.64 P = 0.00) before and after the training. It has been determined in the study that the planned training given to the pregnant women who received a diagnosis of preeclampsia has decreased their oxidative stress levels and state anxiety levels.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effectiveness of Digital-Based Concept Mapping on Teaching Educational Technology for Undergraduate Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Abdelraheem
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Concept Mapping ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using digital-based concept mapping as strategy on students’ achievements and attitudes. Data was collected from 58 students enrolled in the course of ”Introduction to Educational Technology” in Instructional and Teaching Technologies Department at Sultan Qaboos University. Two sections out of four sections were selected randomly as the sample of the study. One of the sections was randomly chosen as experimental group (n = 27) and the other was control group (n = 31). Both pre- and post- achievement tests were used. The results of the study revealed that students who were taught with digital-based concept mapping strategy performed better than those who were taught with the conventional method. There was a significant difference between male and female students in the post test scores of the experimental group in favor of females. In addition, no interaction effect for the independent variables was found. The study also showed that students in the experimental group had positive attitude towards using digital-based concept mapping in learning edu- cational technology.

scholarly journals Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on an Individual’s Ability to Learn to Control a Brain-Computer Interface

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Renda ◽  
Sarah Amirali Karmali ◽  
Ivona Yordanova ◽  
Shira Schwartz ◽  
Yacine Mahdid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are systems which enable direct communication between a brain and an external device by translating electrical brain activity into meaningful output. This technology can be used by individuals with motor impairments to interact and communicate with their external environment. BCIs based upon manipulating the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) through motor imagery have lengthy learning periods, which present a significant barrier to using this technology. We hypothesize that this learning period will be significantly reduced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which temporarily augments cortical excitability.Methods: Participants were assigned into two groups - the experimental group, which received tDCS, and a control group, which received sham stimulation. Following tDCS, the participants used a SMR-based BCI to move a falling ball to hit targets that appeared on the left or right side of screen. The effect of tDCS was assessed by comparing the overall task accuracy and the SMR change during motor imagery between the two groups .Results: The experimental group was significantly more accurate in controlling the BCI than the control group (p = 0.021); however, there was no significant difference between groups in the SMR change upon motor imagery (p = 0.22). Conclusions. tDCS can be used to improve the performance of healthy individuals learning to use an SMR-based BCI. 

scholarly journals Using Read Encode Annotate and Ponder (REAP) Technique to Increase Reading Comprehension: A Case of the Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 6 Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyantini Supriyantini
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Case ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Better Than

This study is aimed for applying Read Encode Annotate and Ponder (REAP) technique for teaching reading comprehension. The objectives of the research are, (1) to find out the students’ reading comprehension after being taught without using REAP technique. (2) to find out the students’ reading comprehension after being taught by using REAP technique. (3) to know whether there is any significant difference of students’ reading comprehension being taught by using REAP technique and without REAP technique. Following the study case the writer used quantitative research. The research design of this study is true experimental design. The sample is the eleventh grade students at SMA Negeri 6 Semarang. There are three classes used, they are the experimental class, control class and a class to be tried out. The writer used test to collect the data. The data was gained from the tests that were given to the students. The study found that the mean score for the class taught without REAP technique was 78.16 and the mean score for the class taught with using REAP technique was 92.05. The students’ score that was taught by using REAP technique was better than students’ score that taught without REAP technique. There was any significant difference between experimental group and control group, because the computation t-test was 7.5. So that  is higher than  because 7.5 > 2.00. It means that is acceptable and  is rejected. Based on the study, it can be concluded that using REAP technique to increase reading comprehension has positive influence to the students. So, English teachers have to use REAP technique to increase the students’ reading comprehension.

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