scholarly journals A mathematical model for DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sepehri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
Damaged Dna

Recently, some authors have shown that a DNA molecule produces electromagnetic signals and communicates with other DNA molecules or other molecules. In fact, a DNA acts like a receiver or transmitter of radio waves. In this paper, we suggest a mathematical model for the DNA molecule and use of its communication to cure some diseases like cancer. In this model, first, by using concepts from string theory and M-theory, we calculate the energy of a DNA in terms of interactions between free electrons and bound electrons. We show that when a DNA is damaged, its energy changes and an extra current is produced. This extra current causes the electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule to be different when compared to the electromagnetic signals of a normal DNA molecule. The electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule induce an extra current in a normal DNA molecule and lead to its destruction. By sending crafted electromagnetic signals to normal DNA molecules and inducing an opposite current with respect to this extra current, we can prevent the destruction of normal DNA. Finally, we argue that the type of packing of DNA in chromosomes of men and women is different. This causes radiated waves from DNAs of men and women to have opposite signs and cancel the effect of each other in a pair. Using this property, we suggest another mechanism to cancel the effect of extra waves, which are produced by DNAs in cancer cells of a male or a female, by extra waves which are produced by DNAs in similar cells of a female or a male and prevent the progression of the disease.

A Mathematical Model on Social Integration Explaining Global Suicide Rate Among Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Mark Borres ◽  
◽  
Jergen Orias ◽  
Alvin Mercado ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Simulation study of the large-scale modification of the mid-latitude F-layer by HF radio waves with different powers

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Mingaleva ◽  
V. S. Mingalev ◽  
O. V. Mingalev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
High Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Effective Frequency ◽  
Heating Facility ◽  
Absorbed Power

Abstract. A mathematical model of the ionosphere, developed earlier, is applied to investigate the large-scale mid-latitude F-layer modification by HF radio waves with different powers. Simulations are performed for the point with geographic coordinates of the "Sura" heating facility (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) for autumn conditions. The calculations are made for distinct cases, in which the effective absorbed power has different values belonging to the 5–100 MW range, both for nocturnal and daytime conditions. The frequency of powerful HF waves is chosen to be close to the most effective frequency for the large-scale F2-layer modification. The results of modeling indicate that the effective absorbed power can influence considerably the F-layer response to high-power radio waves in the mid-latitude ionosphere.

scholarly journals Replication forms of the gene-sized DNA molecules of hypotrichous ciliates.

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Murti ◽  
D M Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Origin Of Replication ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Linear Dna ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Independent Unit

Using a method for obtaining DNA from 10 to 40 macronuclei for electron microscopy, we analyzed the structure of gene-sized, linear DNA molecules from S-phase macronuclei of two hypotrichous ciliates, Euplotes eurystomus and Styx sp. Three types of putative replicating intermediates were observed: (i) molecules with a bubble close to one end, (ii) molecules with single forks, and (iii) molecules with two forks. We conclude that: (i) each macronuclear DNA molecule replicates as an independent unit, (ii) the molecules contain an origin of replication close to one or both ends, and (iii) the mode of replication is bidirectional.

Influence of Nanochannel Inlet Structure Upon DNA Capture Ratio

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Wu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Jinsoo Kim ◽  
Freddy Murphy ◽  
Steven A. Soper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Persistence Length ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Channel Diameter ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Capture Ratio ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Dna Capture ◽  
Dna Chain

DNA molecule will be stretched to its near full contour length inside a nanochannel when the channel diameter is less than the DNA persistence length.1–3 It provides the possibility of real time lab-free-analysis of analysis, such as screening of sequence variations of DNA molecules.3 The key process for this nanochannel-based analysis is to drive DNA molecule electrophoretically through the nanochannel and read out the information of the DNA chain while it is passing the channel.2, 3

Sir Granville Beynon, C. B. E.. 24 May 1914–11 March 1996

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
University Education ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Happy Family

From his appointment as a Scientific Officer at the Radio Division of the National Physical Laboratory in 1938, which marked the start of his active collaboration with Sir Edward Appleton, to his death in 1996, Granville Beynon's chosen field of scientific endeavour was the study of the ionosphere, the atmosphere at heights where the concentration of free electrons is sufficient to influence the propagation of radio waves. Through his establishment of research groups at Swansea and Aberystwyth Colleges of the University of Wales, and his tenure of senior offices in appropriate national and international committees, he had a major influence in this area of science. His involvement in university education included a period as Vice–Principal at Aberystwyth, but his interest in education extended beyond the university sector and this was marked by his service as Chairman of the Schools Council Committee for Wales. For his services to science and education he received several honours at both national and international levels. In spite of the many demands on his time, he enjoyed a very happy family life in which music played a central part.

scholarly journals Response of Xenopus Cds1 in Cell-free Extracts to DNA Templates with Double-stranded Ends

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1535-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Guo ◽  
William G. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Dna Templates ◽  
Cell Cycle Delay ◽  
Checkpoint Kinases ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Egg Extracts ◽  
Dna Ends ◽  
Damaged Dna

Although homologues of the yeast checkpoint kinases Cds1 and Chk1 have been identified in various systems, the respective roles of these kinases in the responses to damaged and/or unreplicated DNA in vertebrates have not been delineated precisely. Likewise, it is largely unknown how damaged DNA and unreplicated DNA trigger the pathways that contain these effector kinases. We report that XenopusCds1 (Xcds1) is phosphorylated and activated by the presence of some simple DNA molecules with double-stranded ends in cell-freeXenopus egg extracts. Xcds1 is not affected by aphidicolin, an agent that induces DNA replication blocks. In contrast,Xenopus Chk1 (Xchk1) responds to DNA replication blocks but not to the presence of double-stranded DNA ends. Immunodepletion of Xcds1 (and/or Xchk1) from egg extracts did not attenuate the cell cycle delay induced by double-stranded DNA ends. These results imply that the cell cycle delay triggered by double-stranded DNA ends either does not involve Xcds1 or uses a factor(s) that can act redundantly with Xcds1.

DNA Base Identification by Electron Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Bell ◽  
W. Kelley Thomas ◽  
Katelyn M. Murtagh ◽  
Cheryl A. Dionne ◽  
Adam C. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Template Molecule ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Dna Base

AbstractAdvances in DNA sequencing, based on fluorescent microscopy, have transformed many areas of biological research. However, only relatively short molecules can be sequenced by these technologies. Dramatic improvements in genomic research will require accurate sequencing of long (>10,000 base-pairs), intact DNA molecules. Our approach directly visualizes the sequence of DNA molecules using electron microscopy. This report represents the first identification of DNA base pairs within intact DNA molecules by electron microscopy. By enzymatically incorporating modified bases, which contain atoms of increased atomic number, direct visualization and identification of individually labeled bases within a synthetic 3,272 base-pair DNA molecule and a 7,249 base-pair viral genome have been accomplished. This proof of principle is made possible by the use of a dUTP nucleotide, substituted with a single mercury atom attached to the nitrogenous base. One of these contrast-enhanced, heavy-atom-labeled bases is paired with each adenosine base in the template molecule and then built into a double-stranded DNA molecule by a template-directed DNA polymerase enzyme. This modification is small enough to allow very long molecules with labels at each A-U position. Image contrast is further enhanced by using annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM). Further refinements to identify additional base types and more precisely determine the location of identified bases would allow full sequencing of long, intact DNA molecules, significantly improving the pace of complex genomic discoveries.

scholarly journals Electronic stopping of protons in xenon plasmas due to free and bound electrons

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel D. Barriga-Carrasco ◽  
David Casas
Keyword(s):  
Oscillator Strength ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Plasma Target ◽  
Strength Functions ◽  
Bound Electrons

AbstractIn this work, proton stopping due to free and bound electrons in a plasma target is analyzed. The stopping of free electrons is calculated using the dielectric formalism, well described in previous literature. In the case of bound electrons, Hartree-Fock methods and oscillator strength functions are used. Differences between both stopping, due to free and bound electrons, are shown in noble gases. Then, enhanced plasma stopping can be easily estimated from target ionization. Finally, we compare our calculations with an experiment in xenon plasmas finding a close agreement.

scholarly journals Multiply ionized carbon plasmas with index of refraction greater than one

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FILEVICH ◽  
J. GRAVA ◽  
M. PURVIS ◽  
M.C. MARCONI ◽  
J.J. ROCCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Interferometry ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Capillary Discharge ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Carbon Ions ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
Approximation Analysis ◽  
Bound Electrons

For decades the analysis of interferometry have relied on the approximation that the index of refraction in plasmas is due solely to the free electrons. This general assumption makes the index of refraction always less than one. However, recent soft x-ray laser interferometry experiments with Aluminum plasmas at wavelengths of 14.7 nm and 13.9 nm have shown fringes that bend the opposite direction than would be expected when using that approximation. Analysis of the data demonstrated that this effect is due to bound electrons that contribute significantly to the index of refraction of multiply ionized plasmas, and that this should be encountered in other plasmas at different wavelengths. Recent studies of Silver and Tin plasmas using a 46.9 nm probe beam generated by a Ne-like Ar capillary discharge soft-ray laser identified plasmas with an index of refraction greater than one, as was predicted by computer calculations. In this paper we present new interferometric results obtained with Carbon plasmas at 46.9 nm probe wavelength that clearly show plasma regions with an index of refraction greater than one. Computations suggest that in this case the phenomenon is due to the dominant contribution of bound electrons from doubly ionized carbon ions to the index of refraction. The results reaffirm that bound electrons can strongly influence the index of refraction of numerous plasmas over a broad range of soft x-ray wavelengths.

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