A Mathematical Model on Social Integration Explaining Global Suicide Rate Among Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Mark Borres ◽  
◽  
Jergen Orias ◽  
Alvin Mercado ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Men And Women

Social Areas and Durkheim's Theory of Suicide

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1313-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich V. Wenz
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Social Area

A reformulation of Durkheim's model of social integration and suicide rates was tested using social survey and census data for social area populations in Flint, Michigan. The hypothesis predicts: the more integrated a social-area population, the lower its suicide rate. It is concluded that the concept of social area defines an adequate unit of analysis for testing Durkheim's model, and the empirical data support Durkheim's original formulation.

Relation of Social Integration to Inflammatory Marker Concentrations in Men and Women 70 to 79 Years

2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Loucks ◽  
Lisa F. Berkman ◽  
Tara L. Gruenewald ◽  
Teresa E. Seeman
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Men And Women

A Sex Difference in the Seasonal Variation of Suicide Rate: A Single Cycle for Men, Two Cycles for Women

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Meares ◽  
Frederick A. O. Mendelsohn ◽  
Jeannette Milgrom-Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Monthly Cycle

SummaryThe marked seasonal fluctuation in suicide rates observed by Durkheim appears to be diminishing, and in some cases, to have vanished. In this study, suicide data in Britain from 1958 to 1974 were studied by auto-correlational methods. A cyclical variation was found for both men and women. Men showed a single twelve monthly cycle whereas women showed two cycles. No explanation for this difference is immediately apparent.

Testing Durkheim's Theory of Suicide in Hungary

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-882
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Suicide Rates

Measures of domestic social integration which have been found to account for the time-series suicide rate in Hungary quite well also accounted for the time-series suicide rates of each province and for villages, towns, and cities.

Attitudes toward Work and Retirement in Sweden: A Multigroup, Multivariate Analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study examines various work and retirement orientations and ascertains how they apply to four a priori-defined groups. Questionnaire data from an age-stratified random sample of 584 men and women, aged sixty to seventy-five, were analyzed by means of stepwise multiple discriminant analysis. Fourteen out of twenty-five variables contributed significantly to three functions, correctly classifying 54 per cent of the individuals. It was found that preretirees, although anticipating loss of employment after retiring, displayed the least work satisfaction and preferred a lower retirement age, manifesting simultaneous positive attitudes toward retirees and their gatherings; early retirees were characterized by negative attitudes toward work as well as retirement and by ambiguous views of retirees and social integration; working retirees appeared the most work-oriented and evidenced distaste for retirement; fully retired persons were characterized as retirement-oriented and as being negative toward social activities. The results are discussed within the context of previous hypotheses and related findings.

External Effects in the 400-m Hurdles Race

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike D. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Equation Of Motion ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wind Resistance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A mathematical model based on a differential equation of motion is used to simulate the 400-m hurdles race for men and women. The model takes into account the hurdler’s stride pattern, the hurdle clearance, and aerobic and anaerobic components of the propulsive force of the athlete, as well as the effects of wind resistance, altitude of the venue, and curvature of the track. The model is used to predict the effect on race times of different wind conditions and altitudes. The effect on race performance of the lane allocation and the efficiency of the hurdle clearance is also predicted. The most favorable wind conditions are shown to be a wind speed no greater than 2 m/s assisting the athlete in the back straight and around the second bend. The outside lane (lane 8) is shown to be considerably faster than the favored center lanes. In windless conditions, the advantage can be as much as 0.15 s for men and 0.12 s for women. It is shown that these values are greatly affected by the wind conditions.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1750152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sepehri
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Dna Molecules ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Bound Electrons ◽  
Damaged Dna

Recently, some authors have shown that a DNA molecule produces electromagnetic signals and communicates with other DNA molecules or other molecules. In fact, a DNA acts like a receiver or transmitter of radio waves. In this paper, we suggest a mathematical model for the DNA molecule and use of its communication to cure some diseases like cancer. In this model, first, by using concepts from string theory and M-theory, we calculate the energy of a DNA in terms of interactions between free electrons and bound electrons. We show that when a DNA is damaged, its energy changes and an extra current is produced. This extra current causes the electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule to be different when compared to the electromagnetic signals of a normal DNA molecule. The electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule induce an extra current in a normal DNA molecule and lead to its destruction. By sending crafted electromagnetic signals to normal DNA molecules and inducing an opposite current with respect to this extra current, we can prevent the destruction of normal DNA. Finally, we argue that the type of packing of DNA in chromosomes of men and women is different. This causes radiated waves from DNAs of men and women to have opposite signs and cancel the effect of each other in a pair. Using this property, we suggest another mechanism to cancel the effect of extra waves, which are produced by DNAs in cancer cells of a male or a female, by extra waves which are produced by DNAs in similar cells of a female or a male and prevent the progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Scaling Invariance of Sports Sex Gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Wenzheng Ding ◽  
Chengyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Power Law Model ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Scaling Invariance ◽  
Deviation Rate ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physiological Differences

The controversy over the evolution of sex gap in sports stems from the reported that women’s performance will 1 day overtake men’s in the journal Nature. After debate, the recent studies suggest that the sports sex gap has been stable for a long time, due to insurmountable physiological differences. To find a mathematical model that accurately describes this stable gap, we analyze the best annual records of men and women in 25 events from 1992 to 2017, and find that power-law relationship could be acted as the best choice, with an R-squares as high as 0.999 (p ≤ 0.001). Then, based on the power law model, we use the records of men in 2018 to predict the performance of women in that year and compare them with real records. The results show that the deviation rate of the predicted value is only about 2.08%. As a conclusion, it could be said that there is a constant sex gap in sports, and the records of men and women evolve in parallel. This finding could serve as another quantitative rule in biology.

Suicide of Australians during the Vietnam War

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saxby Pridmore ◽  
Jamshid Ahmadi ◽  
William Pridmore
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
World War ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Marked Elevation ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Vietnam War

Objectives: National suicide rates fall during times of war. This fits with the notion of the population coming together against a common foe. But, what happens in the case of a war which is not fully supported, which draws the population and families apart? We consider this question by examining the Australian suicide rates during the divisive Vietnam War. Methods: We graphed and examined the Australian suicide figures for 1921–2010. Results: We found clear evidence of a decrease in the suicide rate for World War II (consistent with other studies), but a marked elevation of suicide during the Vietnam War. Conclusions: The elevation of the Australian suicide rate during the Vietnam War is consistent with Durkheim’s social integration model – when social integration is lessened, either by individual characteristics or societal characteristics, the risk of suicide rises.

scholarly journals Why war is a man's game

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1884) ◽  
pp. 20180975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. C. Micheletti ◽  
Graeme D. Ruxton ◽  
Andy Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Qualitative Observation ◽  
Male Activity ◽  
Sex Biases

Interest in the evolutionary origins and drivers of warfare in ancient and contemporary small-scale human societies has greatly increased in the last decade, and has been particularly spurred by exciting archaeological discoveries that suggest our ancestors led more violent lives than previously documented. However, the striking observation that warfare is an almost-exclusively male activity remains unexplained. Three general hypotheses have been proposed, concerning greater male effectiveness in warfare, lower male costs, and patrilocality. But while each of these factors might explain why warfare is more common in men, they do not convincingly explain why women almost never participate. Here, we develop a mathematical model to formally assess these hypotheses. Surprisingly, we find that exclusively male warfare may evolve even in the absence of any such sex differences, though sex biases in these parameters can make this evolutionary outcome more likely. The qualitative observation that participation in warfare is almost exclusive to one sex is ultimately explained by the fundamentally sex-specific nature of Darwinian competition—in fitness terms, men compete with men and women with women. These results reveal a potentially key role for ancestral conditions in shaping our species' patterns of sexual division of labour and violence-related adaptations and behavioural disorders.

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